一、基础巩固
Ⅰ. 用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空
1. You can't imagine what difficulty I had ______ (express) myself clearly at the beginning.
2. The art teacher first drew several (circle) on the blackboard.
3. The effect of this kind of (medical) needs further study before it can be widely used.
4. The company is trying to create a young (energy) image.
5. Working as a team means celebrating (victory) and facing losses together.
6. Qian Xuesen (honor) as "The father of China's Missiles".
7. A good (lead) should listen to others and make fair decisions.
8. The (purpose) of the trip were to relax and experience new culture.
9. Green (bury) is becoming popular because it doesn't harm the environment.
10. Friends can become (enemy) if they don't trust each other.

1. expressing 2. circles 3. medicine 4. energetic
5. victories 6. is honored 7. leader 8. purposes
9. burial 10. enemies

【分析】
本题为英语词汇适当形式填空题，需结合固定搭配、词性转换、名词单复数、被动语态等知识点解题。每道题思路如下：1. 考查固定搭配have difficulty (in) doing sth，需用动名词形式；2. several后接可数名词复数，需变复数形式；3. this kind of后接名词，需转换为对应名词；4. 修饰名词需用形容词，需转换为形容词形式；5. victory为可数名词，此处表泛指需用复数；6. 主语与动词是被动关系，需用一般现在时被动语态；7. good后接名词，需转换为对应名词；8. 谓语为were，主语需用复数形式；9. green后接名词，需转换为对应名词；10. 主语为复数，对应名词需用复数形式。
【解析】
1. 固定搭配have difficulty (in) doing sth，故填expressing；
2. several修饰可数名词复数，circle变复数circles；
3. this kind of后接名词，medical的名词为medicine，故填medicine；
4. 修饰名词image需用形容词，energy的形容词为energetic，故填energetic；
5. victory是可数名词，此处表泛指胜利，用复数victories；
6. 主语Qian Xuesen与honor是被动关系，一般现在时被动语态为is honored，故填is honored；
7. good后接名词，lead的名词为leader，故填leader；
8. 谓语were提示主语用复数，purpose变复数purposes，故填purposes；
9. green后接名词，bury的名词为burial，故填burial；
10. 主语friends对应复数名词，enemy变复数enemies，故填enemies。
【答案】
1. expressing 2. circles 3. medicine 4. energetic 5. victories 6. is honored 7. leader 8. purposes 9. burial 10. enemies
【知识点】
固定搭配、名词单复数、词性转换、被动语态
【点评】
本题为初中英语基础词汇变形题，核心考察固定搭配、词性转换、名词单复数及被动语态等基础知识点，题型常见，需熟练掌握词汇的不同形式及用法。
【难度系数】
0.8

Ⅱ. 按要求改写句子,每空一词
11. Not only my father but also my mother likes running for exercise. (改为同义句)
my father my mother like running for exercise.
12. I hope to hear from you soon. (改为同义句)
I hope to a letter you soon.
13. People put the large stones in a special position. (改为被动语态)
The large stones in a special position.
14. What was the stone used for? Nobody knows. (合并为一句)
Nobody knows the stone used for.
15. No one can prevent me from moving out. (改为同义句)
No one can me from moving out.

11. Both;and 12. receive;from 13. were/are put
14. what;was 15. stop

【分析】
本题为英语句型转换专项练习，需根据不同题型的语法规则和短语搭配进行改写：
11题考查“不仅...而且”的同义短语替换，需匹配谓语复数形式；
12题考查“收到某人来信”的同义表达；
13题考查一般过去时的被动语态转换；
14题考查特殊疑问句合并为宾语从句的规则；
15题考查“阻止某人做某事”的同义短语替换。
【解析】
11题：not only...but also的同义结构为both...and，连接两个主语时谓语用复数，与句中like匹配，故填Both;and；
12题：hear from sb（收到某人来信）的同义表达为receive a letter from sb，故填receive;from；
13题：原句为一般过去时，被动语态结构为“was/were + 过去分词”，主语the large stones是复数，be动词用were，put的过去分词仍为put，故填were put；
14题：合并为宾语从句时，用原疑问词what引导，从句用陈述语序，时态保持原过去时，故填what;was；
15题：prevent sb from doing sth的同义短语为stop sb from doing sth，故填stop。
【答案】
11. Both;and 12. receive;from 13. were/are put 14. what;was 15. stop
【知识点】
同义句转换、被动语态、宾语从句
【点评】
本题聚焦初中英语基础语法与短语应用，涵盖同义替换、被动语态、宾语从句合并等核心考点，题型常规，侧重考查学生对基础知识点的掌握程度，是英语学习中需熟练掌握的基础题型。
【难度系数】
0.6

二、拓展阅读
Ⅲ. 阅读还原
For thousands of years, humans have been looking up at the night sky. 16. Today, we know about the orbits（轨道） of stars. You may also have heard about the “unlucky” moment of the stars—retrograde（逆行）.
What is retrograde? 17. All the planets in our solar system（太阳系） travel around the Sun. From Earth, we can find out the orbits of the other planets. Usually, they appear to move in the same direction. If you record their orbits night after night, however, you'll find that they sometimes seem to go backwards in their orbits. This is called retrograde.
Why are the planets going backwards? 18. Those closest to Sun travels faster than those farther out. When a planet completes its orbit once, a year has passed on that planet. For example, one year is 88 Earth days on Mercury（水星） and 687 on Mars（火星）.
For this reason, some planets will lap others from time to time. Those faster-moving planets will pass their slower-moving neighbors. Mercury, for example, laps Earth about three times a year. And Earth laps Mars every two years.
When the Earth and another planet pass each other, an optical illusion（视错觉） is created. From Earth, it looks like that the other planet changes direction. 19.
What else about space are you interested in? Let's learn more about our stars and the sky!
A. It has to do with the way the planets move.
B. The planets seem tired of their same old orbits.
C. In doing so, we have made many interesting discoveries.
D. All the planets in our solar system travel at different speeds.
E. However, in fact, both planets are still moving on the same orbit.

16. C 17. A 18. D 19. E

【分析】
解答本题需先通读全文，把握文章围绕“行星逆行”展开的核心内容，再逐个分析每个空缺处的前后语境，结合句子间的逻辑衔接（如指代、因果、解释说明等关系），匹配最合适的选项：16空需衔接人类观测夜空的行为与后续的发现；17空需承接“什么是逆行”的问题并引出相关原因；18空需承接“为什么行星会逆行”的问题，引出行星运动速度的关键因素；19空需承接视错觉的描述，解释实际的运行情况。
【解析】
16空：前文提到人类几千年观测夜空，后文说明如今对恒星轨道的认知，C选项“这样做（指观测夜空），我们有了很多有趣的发现”，完美衔接前后内容，故16选C。
17空：前文提出问题“什么是逆行？”，A选项“它和行星运动的方式有关”，承接问题并引出后续对逆行的解释，故17选A。
18空：前文问“为什么行星会逆行？”，后文说明离太阳近的行星运动更快，D选项“太阳系所有行星运动速度不同”，是解释逆行现象的核心原因，衔接后文内容，故18选D。
19空：前文提到视错觉让行星看起来改变方向，E选项“但实际上，两个行星都在同一轨道运行”，解释了视错觉的本质，承接前文的视错觉描述，故19选E。
【答案】
16.C 17.A 18.D 19.E
【知识点】
英语阅读还原、语篇衔接
【点评】
本题为英语阅读还原题，主要考查学生对语篇逻辑和上下文衔接的理解能力，需理清句子间的指代、因果、解释等关系，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.5