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四、阅读理解。〔人与社会——探索精神与文化传承〕
You might have heard of Bear Grylls. He is a famous traveller from the UK. He likes to travel to beautiful and dangerous places around the world. But more than 400 years ago in China, there was a traveller even cooler than Bear Grylls. He spent 30 years travelling across China. His name was Xu Xiake.
Where did Xu go?
Xu travelled to 21 provinces and over 100 cities in China. He climbed thousands of mountains and found more than 350 caves. He was the first person to find the highest peak of Huangshan Mountain. He was also the first to find lots of Karst caves(喀斯特溶洞). What's more, he first found out the Yangtze River's headwater.
Xu travelled mostly on foot. He often slept and ate in the wild. On his way, he was robbed(被抢劫) several times. Sometimes he fell into rivers or ran into dangerous animals. But he never gave up and enjoyed his journey.
How did Xu start his journey?
Xu Xiake was born in Jiangsu Province. When he was a child, Xu enjoyed reading books about Chinese mountains and rivers. He decided to see them when he grew up.
At that time, many kids were studying hard to become officials(官员). But Xu's father never forced him to be an official. Instead, he encouraged his son to go outside and find out the new world. Xu began his journey when he was about 20 years old.
Xu's travel notes
Xu always kept a diary while travelling. Travel Notes of Xu Xiake is still popular among people today.
1. How many "first things" did Xu do according to the passage?
A. Five.
B. Four.
C. Three.
D. Two.
2. Which of the following is true about Xu Xiake?
A. He was Bear's good friend.
B. He dreamt of becoming an official.
C. He started travelling at the age of about 20.
D. He rode horses to travel around China.
3. What is the best title for this passage?
A. A world - famous diary
B. A cool Chinese traveller
C. Xu Xiake's favourite food
D. The trip to big mountains
You might have heard of Bear Grylls. He is a famous traveller from the UK. He likes to travel to beautiful and dangerous places around the world. But more than 400 years ago in China, there was a traveller even cooler than Bear Grylls. He spent 30 years travelling across China. His name was Xu Xiake.
Where did Xu go?
Xu travelled to 21 provinces and over 100 cities in China. He climbed thousands of mountains and found more than 350 caves. He was the first person to find the highest peak of Huangshan Mountain. He was also the first to find lots of Karst caves(喀斯特溶洞). What's more, he first found out the Yangtze River's headwater.
Xu travelled mostly on foot. He often slept and ate in the wild. On his way, he was robbed(被抢劫) several times. Sometimes he fell into rivers or ran into dangerous animals. But he never gave up and enjoyed his journey.
How did Xu start his journey?
Xu Xiake was born in Jiangsu Province. When he was a child, Xu enjoyed reading books about Chinese mountains and rivers. He decided to see them when he grew up.
At that time, many kids were studying hard to become officials(官员). But Xu's father never forced him to be an official. Instead, he encouraged his son to go outside and find out the new world. Xu began his journey when he was about 20 years old.
Xu's travel notes
Xu always kept a diary while travelling. Travel Notes of Xu Xiake is still popular among people today.
1. How many "first things" did Xu do according to the passage?
A. Five.
B. Four.
C. Three.
D. Two.
2. Which of the following is true about Xu Xiake?
A. He was Bear's good friend.
B. He dreamt of becoming an official.
C. He started travelling at the age of about 20.
D. He rode horses to travel around China.
3. What is the best title for this passage?
A. A world - famous diary
B. A cool Chinese traveller
C. Xu Xiake's favourite food
D. The trip to big mountains
答案
四、1~3. CCB
解析
【分析】
这是一篇人物介绍类的阅读理解，解题时可以先通读题干明确考点，再带着问题回到原文对应段落定位信息，逐一比对选项排除错误项：
1. 第一题询问徐霞客创下的“首次”事件数量，直接回到介绍他游历成果的段落，逐句标记文中出现的“first”相关表述，统计数量即可得到答案。
2. 第二题是细节正误判断题，将每个选项的描述分别带回原文对应位置核对，和原文内容不符的直接排除，剩下的就是正确选项。
3. 第三题选最佳标题，需要梳理全文核心内容，文章全程围绕明代旅行家徐霞客的游历经历展开，选出最贴合核心主旨的选项即可。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第二段相关内容：①“He was the first person to find the highest peak of Huangshan Mountain.” ②“He was also the first to find lots of Karst caves.” ③“What's more, he first found out the Yangtze River's headwater.” 一共3项首次成就，对应选项C。
2. 逐一核对选项：
选项A：原文仅提到徐霞客比Bear Grylls早400多年，二人不可能是好友，表述错误。
选项B：原文提到当时很多孩子读书是为了当官员，徐霞客并没有走这条路，他的梦想是游历山河，表述错误。
选项C：原文明确写明“Xu began his journey when he was about 20 years old.”，表述正确。
选项D：原文提到“Xu travelled mostly on foot.”，说明他大多徒步旅行，不是骑马，表述错误。
所以本题选C。
3. 全文围绕中国古代著名旅行家徐霞客的生平、游历经历、相关成就展开，核心介绍的是这位了不起的中国旅行者：
选项A只提到徐霞客游记，只是文章的部分内容，不能概括全文；
选项B“A cool Chinese traveller”完全贴合文章核心主体；
选项C文中完全没有提到他最爱的食物，属于无中生有；
选项D只提到大山旅行，覆盖不到全文的内容，过于片面。
所以本题选B。
【答案】
1~3. CCB
【知识点】
1. 细节信息定位
2. 主旨大意归纳
3. 人物类文本阅读
【点评】
本题属于基础难度的人物介绍类阅读理解，考点以细节查找为主，仅最后一题涉及主旨判断，只要学生耐心将选项和原文内容逐一比对，很容易选出正确答案，同时还能了解我国古代著名地理学家徐霞客的相关常识，兼具知识性和趣味性。
【难度系数】
0.8
这是一篇人物介绍类的阅读理解，解题时可以先通读题干明确考点，再带着问题回到原文对应段落定位信息，逐一比对选项排除错误项：
1. 第一题询问徐霞客创下的“首次”事件数量，直接回到介绍他游历成果的段落，逐句标记文中出现的“first”相关表述，统计数量即可得到答案。
2. 第二题是细节正误判断题，将每个选项的描述分别带回原文对应位置核对，和原文内容不符的直接排除，剩下的就是正确选项。
3. 第三题选最佳标题，需要梳理全文核心内容，文章全程围绕明代旅行家徐霞客的游历经历展开，选出最贴合核心主旨的选项即可。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第二段相关内容：①“He was the first person to find the highest peak of Huangshan Mountain.” ②“He was also the first to find lots of Karst caves.” ③“What's more, he first found out the Yangtze River's headwater.” 一共3项首次成就，对应选项C。
2. 逐一核对选项：
选项A：原文仅提到徐霞客比Bear Grylls早400多年，二人不可能是好友，表述错误。
选项B：原文提到当时很多孩子读书是为了当官员，徐霞客并没有走这条路，他的梦想是游历山河，表述错误。
选项C：原文明确写明“Xu began his journey when he was about 20 years old.”，表述正确。
选项D：原文提到“Xu travelled mostly on foot.”，说明他大多徒步旅行，不是骑马，表述错误。
所以本题选C。
3. 全文围绕中国古代著名旅行家徐霞客的生平、游历经历、相关成就展开，核心介绍的是这位了不起的中国旅行者：
选项A只提到徐霞客游记，只是文章的部分内容，不能概括全文；
选项B“A cool Chinese traveller”完全贴合文章核心主体；
选项C文中完全没有提到他最爱的食物，属于无中生有；
选项D只提到大山旅行，覆盖不到全文的内容，过于片面。
所以本题选B。
【答案】
1~3. CCB
【知识点】
1. 细节信息定位
2. 主旨大意归纳
3. 人物类文本阅读
【点评】
本题属于基础难度的人物介绍类阅读理解，考点以细节查找为主，仅最后一题涉及主旨判断，只要学生耐心将选项和原文内容逐一比对，很容易选出正确答案，同时还能了解我国古代著名地理学家徐霞客的相关常识，兼具知识性和趣味性。
【难度系数】
0.8
