2026年学法大视野八年级英语下册人教版长沙专版第24页答案
Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the given words.用所给单词的正确形式填空。

答案

1. careless 2. careful 3. harmless 4. harmful
5. painless 6. painful 7. colourless
8. colourful 9. meaningless 10. meaningful
11. useless 12. useful 13. joyless 14. joyful
15. powerless 16. powerful 17. hopeless
18. hopeful 19. helpless 20. helpful

解析

【分析】
这道题考察名词变形容词的基础构词规则,首先先明确题目给出的提示:adj.(without)表示“没有、无某属性的”形容词,对应英语里表否定含义的常见后缀-less;adj.(full of)表示“充满、具有某属性的”形容词,对应表肯定含义的常见后缀-ful。我们只需要把表格左侧给出的名词,分别加上这两个对应的后缀,就能得到对应的正确形容词,按照顺序逐一变形即可完成填空。
【解析】
本题考查同根词的词性转换,核心规则为:
1. 表达“无/没有……”含义的形容词,在对应名词后加否定后缀-less;
2. 表达“充满/有……属性”含义的形容词,在对应名词后加后缀-ful。
按顺序变形结果如下:
1. 名词care加后缀less → careless
2. 名词care加后缀ful → careful
3. 名词harm加后缀less → harmless
4. 名词harm加后缀ful → harmful
5. 名词pain加后缀less → painless
6. 名词pain加后缀ful → painful
7. 名词colour加后缀less → colourless
8. 名词colour加后缀ful → colourful
9. 名词meaning加后缀less → meaningless
10. 名词meaning加后缀ful → meaningful
11. 名词use加后缀less → useless
12. 名词use加后缀ful → useful
13. 名词joy加后缀less → joyless
14. 名词joy加后缀ful → joyful
15. 名词power加后缀less → powerless
16. 名词power加后缀ful → powerful
17. 名词hope加后缀less → hopeless
18. 名词hope加后缀ful → hopeful
19. 名词help加后缀less → helpless
20. 名词help加后缀ful → helpful
【答案】
1. careless 2. careful 3. harmless 4. harmful
5. painless 6. painful 7. colourless 8. colourful 9. meaningless 10. meaningful
11. useless 12. useful 13. joyless 14. joyful
15. powerless 16. powerful 17. hopeless 18. hopeful 19. helpless 20. helpful
【知识点】
英语构词法,后缀-less,后缀-ful
【点评】
本题是非常典型的基础词性转换练习题,帮助学生快速掌握一对含义相反的形容词后缀的使用规则,系统积累同根词,降低词汇记忆的难度,夯实英语词汇基础。
【难度系数】
0.8
Ⅱ.Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the given words.用所给单词的正确形式填空其中有一项多余。
head tooth stomach back care sad lucky quick nervous sudden unfortunate
Last week,I had a very bad day. I woke up with a strong 21.
headache
. My head felt very heavy. I also had a 22.
stomachache
because I ate too much ice cream the day before. But I had to go to school because we had an important test.
I finished my test very 23.
nervously
. I couldn't remember the answers. I sat there 24.
sadly
, "Why didn't I prepare better?"25.
Unfortunately
,the day got worse. I was too nervous during the test and I kept biting my teeth. I had to go to the dentist after school because of a serious 26.
toothache
.
At the dentist's office,I was so afraid. 27.
Luckily
,the dentist was very nice. He said my toothache came from eating sweets and junk food. He told me a lot about health problems. I sat there for hours but I didn't notice that.
When I got home,I felt that I had a light 28.
backache
from sitting for too long. Mum said, "Sometimes we need to feel pain to learn the importance of health. But luckily, now you understand. "
I noticed that I was too 29.
careless
to take care of myself. I decided to act 30.
quickly
. I start to eat more fruits and vegetables to avoid stomachaches and toothaches. I go to bed early to prevent headaches. I also stretch my back every day to avoid backaches. That terrible day taught me an important lesson!

答案

21. headache 22. stomachache 23. nervously
24. sadly 25. Unfortunately 26. toothache
27. Luckily 28. backache 29. careless
30. quickly

解析

【分析】
首先通读整篇短文,理清叙事主线:作者讲述了自己糟糕的一天接连出现各类身体不适,最终意识到健康重要性、改掉不良习惯的经历。解题时第一步先明确所有备选词的基础词义,再逐个分析每个空格的句法成分和上下文语义需求:1. 先判断空格处需要的词性(名词/副词/形容词),2. 结合前后文给出的线索(比如后文复现的各类病痛表述、人物情绪的正向/负向提示)确定对应的基础词,再做正确的词形转换,最后验证剩余未使用的词刚好是题目说明的多余项sudden,确认答案无误。
【解析】
21. 根据后文"My head felt very heavy"可知作者醒来有强烈的头痛症状,将所给名词head加后缀ache构成表示病痛的名词headache,符合语境。
22. 根据后文"because I ate too much ice cream the day before"以及文末提到的"avoid stomachaches",可知此处表示胃痛,将所给名词stomach加ache后缀构成stomachache。
23. 空格修饰动词短语finished my test,需要使用副词;结合后文"I couldn't remember the answers"可知作者考试时状态很紧张,将形容词nervous变为副词nervously,意为紧张地。
24. 空格修饰动词sat,需要使用副词;作者考得不好正在反思,情绪是难过的,将形容词sad变为副词sadly,意为难过地。
25. 空格修饰整个句子,后文提到当天情况变得更糟,是负面的语义转折,将形容词unfortunate变为副词Unfortunately,句首首字母大写,意为不幸的是。
26. 根据前文"I kept biting my teeth"以及"go to the dentist",可知作者牙痛,将所给名词tooth加ache后缀构成toothache。
27. 空格修饰整个句子,后文提到牙医非常和善,是正向的语义转折,将形容词lucky变为副词Luckily,句首首字母大写,意为幸运的是。
28. 根据后文"from sitting for too long"以及文末提到的"avoid backaches",可知作者久坐之后背痛,将所给名词back加ache后缀构成backache。
29. 空格在be动词was之后作表语,需要使用形容词;句意为我之前太粗心没能照顾好自己,将所给名词care变为形容词careless,意为粗心的。
30. 空格修饰动词act,需要使用副词,将形容词quick变为副词quickly,意为迅速地。
最终未使用的备选词sudden为题目说明的多余项,符合要求。
【答案】
21. headache 22. stomachache 23. nervously
24. sadly 25. Unfortunately 26. toothache
27. Luckily 28. backache 29. careless
30. quickly
【知识点】
词形转换,副词作状语,病痛名词构词
【点评】
本题是语境型词形转换填空题,既考察学生对基础词性规则的掌握,也要求学生结合全文叙事逻辑、前后文的复现提示信息推导正确词义,难度适中,做完后可以通过核对剩余备选词是否唯一多余来验证答案的合理性,能帮助学生巩固"名词+ache"构成病痛类名词的构词规律。
【难度系数】
0.6
Ⅲ.Complete the conversation according to the context.根据语境,补全对话。
Dentist:Good afternoon! What's wrong,young man?
James:31.
B
It hurts.
Dentist:How long have you had it?
James:Well,I began to feel the pain last week. But today it got even worse.
Dentist:I see. 32.
C

James:Yes,I love sweets.
Dentist:How about fast food,like fried chicken,French fries?
James:Oh,I love them too. I eat them a few times every week.
Dentist:Well,you need to take better care of yourself. First,33.
D

James:I could brush more often too.
Dentist:Good. And 34.
E

James:OK. Now I know I shouldn't eat so many sweets and that much junk food.
Dentist:Yes. You should eat more fruits and vegetables.
James:35.
A

Dentist:Good. Health starts with how we treat ourselves.
A. I can do that.
B. I have a toothache.
C. Do you often eat sweets?
D. you should brush your teeth carefully.
E. you should eat less sugar and fast food.

答案

31. B 32. C 33. D 34. E 35. A

解析

【分析】
这是一篇牙医就诊场景的补全对话题,解题时首先要通读完整对话和所有备选选项,先明确对话的人物身份和整体语境,再通过上下文的问答呼应、内容衔接逻辑逐一匹配选项:首先第一空是患者回答牙医的“哪里不舒服”的提问,结合场景直接对应病症描述;第二空后文是Yes开头的回答,说明空格是一般疑问句,结合答句提到的爱吃甜食就能锁定问句;第三空后文提到“多刷牙”,说明前文牙医的建议和刷牙相关;第四空后文提到“不该吃太多甜食和垃圾食品”,对应牙医关于饮食的建议;最后一空后文牙医给出正向评价,对应患者表示自己可以做到要求的表述,一步步推导就能选出全部正确答案。
【解析】
31. 上文牙医询问年轻人哪里不舒服,对话场景是牙医诊所,后文提到患处疼痛,此处要说明自己的病症,对应B选项“I have a toothache.”。
32. 后文James给出了Yes开头的肯定回答,且回答内容是自己喜欢甜食,说明空格是牙医询问是否爱吃甜食的一般疑问句,对应C选项“Do you often eat sweets?”。
33. 后文James回应自己也可以更频繁地刷牙,说明牙医给出的第一条建议和刷牙相关,对应D选项“you should brush your teeth carefully.”。
34. 后文James表示自己现在知道不该吃太多甜食和垃圾食品,说明牙医给出的第二条饮食相关建议是少吃糖和快餐,对应E选项“you should eat less sugar and fast food.”。
35. 后文牙医给出“很好”的正向评价,说明James表示自己可以落实前面的所有建议,对应A选项“I can do that.”。
【答案】
31. B 32. C 33. D 34. E 35. A
【知识点】
情景交际,补全对话,就医场景英语
【点评】
本题属于生活化的情景补全对话题,整体逻辑清晰,考点贴合日常英语应用,重点考察学生对对话上下文呼应关系的梳理能力,学生只要抓住问答匹配、内容前后关联的规律就能轻松选出正确答案,同时也能帮助学生掌握牙科就诊场景的常用英文表达。
【难度系数】
0.8