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训练 1 体裁：说明文 主题：环境保护 难度：★★★★ 建议用时：8 min 正确率：/5
①Is your school made of bricks or concrete blocks？Many are. But some schools in Guatemala and El Salvador were built in a different way—with bottles full of rubbish！These bottle schools need plastic bottles，rubbish and lots of community helpers. Let's see how they do it！
②First，kids and other helpers pick up rubbish. They'll turn plastic bags and chip wrappers(包装纸)into eco - bricks(环保砖). Each classroom takes about 3，500 eco - bricks to build. That's around one ton of rubbish！To make eco - bricks，the kids fill cleaned plastic bottles with empty plastic bags and wrappers. They need about 80 plastic bags or around 100 chip wrappers to fill one bottle all the way to the top.
③Helpers from the community build frames(框架)for the classroom walls. They add chicken wire(铁丝网)to hold the eco - bricks. The eco - bricks are tied in rows between the layers(层)of chicken wire. Any gaps are filled with more plastic bags.
④Rows and rows of eco - bricks make up the walls. They are just as strong and last as long as other kinds of walls. They use a level to make sure the wall is straight. Layers of concrete go on next. Community helpers add the floor，windows and roof. Then it is time to paint.
⑤The new classrooms are ready to open！It takes a community about three to four months to build a bottle school after all the eco - bricks have been made.
1. According to the passage，schools in Guatemala and El Salvador are different because of their
A. teaching ways
B. good locations
C. educational ideas
D. building materials
2. How many chip wrappers are needed to build a classroom？
A. Ten tons.
B. 350，000.
C. 300，000.
D. 280，000.
3. Which of the following is the RIGHT order to build a bottle school？
a. building frames for the classroom walls
b. painting
c. picking up rubbish
d. adding layers of concrete
e. making eco - bricks
A. c - a - d - e - b
B. e - a - c - b - d
C. c - e - a - d - b
D. e - c - b - a - d
4. Which of the following is TRUE？
A. The bottle schools are beautiful outside but not pretty inside.
B. Community helpers play an important role in building bottle schools.
C. Walls made out of eco - bricks are not so strong as other kinds of walls.
D. It takes kids about three to four months to make eco - bricks for a school.
5. Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage？
A. ①/②/③④⑤
B. ①/②③④/⑤
C. ①/②③④⑤
D. ①/②③/④⑤
①Is your school made of bricks or concrete blocks？Many are. But some schools in Guatemala and El Salvador were built in a different way—with bottles full of rubbish！These bottle schools need plastic bottles，rubbish and lots of community helpers. Let's see how they do it！
②First，kids and other helpers pick up rubbish. They'll turn plastic bags and chip wrappers(包装纸)into eco - bricks(环保砖). Each classroom takes about 3，500 eco - bricks to build. That's around one ton of rubbish！To make eco - bricks，the kids fill cleaned plastic bottles with empty plastic bags and wrappers. They need about 80 plastic bags or around 100 chip wrappers to fill one bottle all the way to the top.
③Helpers from the community build frames(框架)for the classroom walls. They add chicken wire(铁丝网)to hold the eco - bricks. The eco - bricks are tied in rows between the layers(层)of chicken wire. Any gaps are filled with more plastic bags.
④Rows and rows of eco - bricks make up the walls. They are just as strong and last as long as other kinds of walls. They use a level to make sure the wall is straight. Layers of concrete go on next. Community helpers add the floor，windows and roof. Then it is time to paint.
⑤The new classrooms are ready to open！It takes a community about three to four months to build a bottle school after all the eco - bricks have been made.
1. According to the passage，schools in Guatemala and El Salvador are different because of their
D
.A. teaching ways
B. good locations
C. educational ideas
D. building materials
2. How many chip wrappers are needed to build a classroom？
A. Ten tons.
B. 350，000.
C. 300，000.
D. 280，000.
3. Which of the following is the RIGHT order to build a bottle school？
a. building frames for the classroom walls
b. painting
c. picking up rubbish
d. adding layers of concrete
e. making eco - bricks
A. c - a - d - e - b
B. e - a - c - b - d
C. c - e - a - d - b
D. e - c - b - a - d
4. Which of the following is TRUE？
A. The bottle schools are beautiful outside but not pretty inside.
B. Community helpers play an important role in building bottle schools.
C. Walls made out of eco - bricks are not so strong as other kinds of walls.
D. It takes kids about three to four months to make eco - bricks for a school.
5. Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage？
A. ①/②/③④⑤
B. ①/②③④/⑤
C. ①/②③④⑤
D. ①/②③/④⑤
答案
1. D 细节理解题。根据第一段“Is your school made of bricks or concrete blocks? Many are. But some schools in Guatemala and El Salvador were built in a different way—with bottles full of rubbish!”可知危地马拉和萨尔瓦多的学校和其他学校的区别在于它们是用装满垃圾的塑料瓶建造的,即建筑材料不同。故选 D。
＞＞语义转换题
2. B 细节理解题。根据第二段“Each classroom takes about 3,500 eco-bricks to build.”和“They need about 80 plastic bags or around 100 chip wrappers to fill one bottle”可知建造一间教室需要 3500×100=350000 份包装纸。故选 B。
＞＞数字计算题
3. C 事件排序题。根据第二段“First, kids and other helpers pick up rubbish.”可知 c 排第一位,排除 B、D 选项;根据第二段“They'll turn plastic bags and chip wrappers into eco-bricks.”可知 e 排第二位,排除 A 选项;再根据第四段“Layers of concrete go on next. Community helpers add the floor, windows and roof. Then it is time to paint.”可知,b 排最后一位。C 选项正确。故选 C。
4. B 细节理解题。根据第一段“These bottle schools need plastic bottles, rubbish and lots of community helpers.”,第三段“Helpers from the community build frames for the classroom walls.”和第五段“It takes a community about three to four months to build a bottle school after all the eco-bricks have been made.”可知,社区帮手在建造学校的过程中起了很大作用。故选 B。
＞＞判断正误题
5. B 篇章结构题。结合文章内容可知,第①段引出话题,第②③④段介绍了建造学校的过程,第⑤段总结了学校建成总共耗费的时间,是总—分—总结构。故选 B。
＞＞语义转换题
2. B 细节理解题。根据第二段“Each classroom takes about 3,500 eco-bricks to build.”和“They need about 80 plastic bags or around 100 chip wrappers to fill one bottle”可知建造一间教室需要 3500×100=350000 份包装纸。故选 B。
＞＞数字计算题
3. C 事件排序题。根据第二段“First, kids and other helpers pick up rubbish.”可知 c 排第一位,排除 B、D 选项;根据第二段“They'll turn plastic bags and chip wrappers into eco-bricks.”可知 e 排第二位,排除 A 选项;再根据第四段“Layers of concrete go on next. Community helpers add the floor, windows and roof. Then it is time to paint.”可知,b 排最后一位。C 选项正确。故选 C。
4. B 细节理解题。根据第一段“These bottle schools need plastic bottles, rubbish and lots of community helpers.”,第三段“Helpers from the community build frames for the classroom walls.”和第五段“It takes a community about three to four months to build a bottle school after all the eco-bricks have been made.”可知,社区帮手在建造学校的过程中起了很大作用。故选 B。
＞＞判断正误题
5. B 篇章结构题。结合文章内容可知,第①段引出话题,第②③④段介绍了建造学校的过程,第⑤段总结了学校建成总共耗费的时间,是总—分—总结构。故选 B。
解析
【分析】
本次为环保主题说明文的阅读理解题，共5道小题，涵盖细节理解、数字计算、事件排序、判断正误、篇章结构五类题型。解题思路：1. 细节理解题：定位题干关键词，返回原文对应段落找原句，对比选项确定答案；2. 数字计算题：提取题干所需数量关系，结合原文数据计算；3. 事件排序题：按原文动作先后顺序匹配选项步骤，排除错误项；4. 判断正误题：将每个选项与原文逐一核对，判断表述正误；5. 篇章结构题：分析各段落核心作用，梳理文章整体结构。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据第一段“Is your school made of bricks or concrete blocks? Many are. But some schools in Guatemala and El Salvador were built in a different way—with bottles full of rubbish!”可知，两地学校与其他学校的差异在于建筑材料，对应选项D。
2. 数字计算题：由第二段“Each classroom takes about 3,500 eco-bricks to build.”和“They need... around 100 chip wrappers to fill one bottle”，计算得3500×100=350000，对应选项B。
3. 事件排序题：按原文顺序：先捡垃圾（c）→做环保砖（e）→建框架（a）→加混凝土层（d）→粉刷（b），对应选项C。
4. 判断正误题：A项原文未提及内外美观，错误；B项根据第一段及后续段落，社区帮手在建造中作用重大，正确；C项原文第四段指出墙体强度与其他墙体相当，错误；D项原文说社区耗时3-4个月，非孩子做环保砖的时间，错误，对应选项B。
5. 篇章结构题：第①段引出“瓶子学校”话题，第②③④段介绍建造过程，第⑤段总结总时长，为总-分-总结构，对应选项B。
【答案】
1. D 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. B
【知识点】
细节理解题、数字计算题、篇章结构题
【点评】
本文围绕环保主题介绍“瓶子学校”的建造，题目设置贴合初中英语阅读核心考点，考查学生定位信息、计算、梳理结构的能力，难度适中，能有效检验学生的阅读综合能力。
【难度系数】
0.6
本次为环保主题说明文的阅读理解题，共5道小题，涵盖细节理解、数字计算、事件排序、判断正误、篇章结构五类题型。解题思路：1. 细节理解题：定位题干关键词，返回原文对应段落找原句，对比选项确定答案；2. 数字计算题：提取题干所需数量关系，结合原文数据计算；3. 事件排序题：按原文动作先后顺序匹配选项步骤，排除错误项；4. 判断正误题：将每个选项与原文逐一核对，判断表述正误；5. 篇章结构题：分析各段落核心作用，梳理文章整体结构。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据第一段“Is your school made of bricks or concrete blocks? Many are. But some schools in Guatemala and El Salvador were built in a different way—with bottles full of rubbish!”可知，两地学校与其他学校的差异在于建筑材料，对应选项D。
2. 数字计算题：由第二段“Each classroom takes about 3,500 eco-bricks to build.”和“They need... around 100 chip wrappers to fill one bottle”，计算得3500×100=350000，对应选项B。
3. 事件排序题：按原文顺序：先捡垃圾（c）→做环保砖（e）→建框架（a）→加混凝土层（d）→粉刷（b），对应选项C。
4. 判断正误题：A项原文未提及内外美观，错误；B项根据第一段及后续段落，社区帮手在建造中作用重大，正确；C项原文第四段指出墙体强度与其他墙体相当，错误；D项原文说社区耗时3-4个月，非孩子做环保砖的时间，错误，对应选项B。
5. 篇章结构题：第①段引出“瓶子学校”话题，第②③④段介绍建造过程，第⑤段总结总时长，为总-分-总结构，对应选项B。
【答案】
1. D 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. B
【知识点】
细节理解题、数字计算题、篇章结构题
【点评】
本文围绕环保主题介绍“瓶子学校”的建造，题目设置贴合初中英语阅读核心考点，考查学生定位信息、计算、梳理结构的能力，难度适中，能有效检验学生的阅读综合能力。
【难度系数】
0.6
