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训练 2 体裁：说明文 主题：中华文化 难度：★★★★★ 建议用时：9 min 正确率：/4
新素养·文化意识The $Yellow\ Emperor's Inner Canon$ is the earliest text of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM). The book states that one day may be divided into four time periods. It's similar to the four seasons of a year. Morning is spring，noon is summer，sunset is autumn，and midnight is winter. People with illnesses may feel all right in the early morning. They often spend their day peacefully and then begin feeling bad at dusk. Nighttime is the worst. ①
② More often than not，TCM pairs the function of human organs(器官)with $shichen$，a two - hour period in the ancient Chinese timekeeping system. ③ $Zi$，$mao$，$wu$，and $you$ are the four most important periods in a day. ④
$Zi$ refers to the period between 11 p.m. and 1 a.m. It is the time of the gall bladder(胆囊). One should go to bed early or at least before 11 p.m. A later bedtime can result in tiredness and a feeling of unhappiness the next day.
During the $mao$ period，between 5 a.m. and 7 a.m.，the large intestine(肠)is “on duty”. That is to say，it's the right time to empty waste from your body. It's also a good time to comb the hair. This may help stimulate blood circulation in the head and prevent headaches.
The period of $wu$ falls between 11 a.m. and 1 p.m. It is the time of the heart. After a whole morning's activity，midday is the time to have lunch and take a nap(小睡). This not only cuts down oxygen consumption and lowers blood pressure，but also helps improve body immunity.
The $you$ period—5 p.m. to 7 p.m.—stands for the falling of the night. It is the time for the kidneys to filter the blood. Dinner is also best during this period，but you should stop eating before you are full. And light walking after dinner can help with circulation. Better circulation helps the kidneys filter more blood.
1. Which can best show how people's feelings change in a day when they have an illness？
2. The following sentence can be best put in
Understanding the relationship between organs and the $shichen$ helps keep healthy.
A. ①
B. ②
C. ③
D. ④
3. Match the following organs with different $shichen$ $zi$，$mao$，$wu$，and $you$.
①heart ②kidney ③gall bladder ④large intestine
A. ①②③④
B. ④③②①
C. ③④②①
D. ③④①②
4. According to the passage，TCM may advise people to
A. go to bed as early as possible
B. have a sleep after lunch at once
C. go to toilet between 5 a.m. and 7 a.m.
D. eat enough for dinner and exercise after that
新素养·文化意识The $Yellow\ Emperor's Inner Canon$ is the earliest text of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM). The book states that one day may be divided into four time periods. It's similar to the four seasons of a year. Morning is spring，noon is summer，sunset is autumn，and midnight is winter. People with illnesses may feel all right in the early morning. They often spend their day peacefully and then begin feeling bad at dusk. Nighttime is the worst. ①
② More often than not，TCM pairs the function of human organs(器官)with $shichen$，a two - hour period in the ancient Chinese timekeeping system. ③ $Zi$，$mao$，$wu$，and $you$ are the four most important periods in a day. ④
$Zi$ refers to the period between 11 p.m. and 1 a.m. It is the time of the gall bladder(胆囊). One should go to bed early or at least before 11 p.m. A later bedtime can result in tiredness and a feeling of unhappiness the next day.
During the $mao$ period，between 5 a.m. and 7 a.m.，the large intestine(肠)is “on duty”. That is to say，it's the right time to empty waste from your body. It's also a good time to comb the hair. This may help stimulate blood circulation in the head and prevent headaches.
The period of $wu$ falls between 11 a.m. and 1 p.m. It is the time of the heart. After a whole morning's activity，midday is the time to have lunch and take a nap(小睡). This not only cuts down oxygen consumption and lowers blood pressure，but also helps improve body immunity.
The $you$ period—5 p.m. to 7 p.m.—stands for the falling of the night. It is the time for the kidneys to filter the blood. Dinner is also best during this period，but you should stop eating before you are full. And light walking after dinner can help with circulation. Better circulation helps the kidneys filter more blood.
1. Which can best show how people's feelings change in a day when they have an illness？
2. The following sentence can be best put in
C
.Understanding the relationship between organs and the $shichen$ helps keep healthy.
A. ①
B. ②
C. ③
D. ④
3. Match the following organs with different $shichen$ $zi$，$mao$，$wu$，and $you$.
①heart ②kidney ③gall bladder ④large intestine
A. ①②③④
B. ④③②①
C. ③④②①
D. ③④①②
4. According to the passage，TCM may advise people to
C
.A. go to bed as early as possible
B. have a sleep after lunch at once
C. go to toilet between 5 a.m. and 7 a.m.
D. eat enough for dinner and exercise after that
答案
1. A 图示理解题。根据第一段“People with illnesses may feel all right in the early morning. They often spend their day peacefully and then begin feeling bad at dusk. Nighttime is the worst.”可知,患有疾病的人在清晨可能会感觉良好,他们会平静地度过一天,然后在黄昏时开始感觉不舒服,晚上感觉最糟糕。故选 A。
2. C 补全文章题。第二段中的“More often ... system.”介绍中医将人体器官的功能与时辰相匹配;“Zi, mao ... a day.”介绍一天中最重要的四个时辰;所填句“了解器官和时辰之间的关系有助于保持健康。”能承接上一句,引出下一句。故选 C。
3. D 细节理解题。根据第三段“Zi ... It is the time of the gall bladder.”,第四段“During the mao period ... the large intestine is 'on duty'.”,第五段“The period of wu ... It is the time of the heart.”和第六段“The you period ... It is the time for the kidneys to filter the blood.”可知子时是胆囊的时间,卯时是大肠的时间,午时是心脏的时间,酉时是肾脏的时间。故选 D。
＞＞直接理解题
4. C 推理判断题。根据第四段“... between 5 a.m. and 7 a.m. ... it's the right time to empty waste from your body.”可知,卯时(早上 5 点到 7 点)是清空身体废物,即排便的合适时间。故选 C。
2. C 补全文章题。第二段中的“More often ... system.”介绍中医将人体器官的功能与时辰相匹配;“Zi, mao ... a day.”介绍一天中最重要的四个时辰;所填句“了解器官和时辰之间的关系有助于保持健康。”能承接上一句,引出下一句。故选 C。
3. D 细节理解题。根据第三段“Zi ... It is the time of the gall bladder.”,第四段“During the mao period ... the large intestine is 'on duty'.”,第五段“The period of wu ... It is the time of the heart.”和第六段“The you period ... It is the time for the kidneys to filter the blood.”可知子时是胆囊的时间,卯时是大肠的时间,午时是心脏的时间,酉时是肾脏的时间。故选 D。
＞＞直接理解题
4. C 推理判断题。根据第四段“... between 5 a.m. and 7 a.m. ... it's the right time to empty waste from your body.”可知,卯时(早上 5 点到 7 点)是清空身体废物,即排便的合适时间。故选 C。
解析
【分析】
本题为围绕中医文化的说明文阅读理解，需结合原文细节、逻辑关系逐一分析各题目：1题需定位生病者一天的感受变化，匹配对应图像趋势；2题需分析句子与上下文的逻辑衔接，判断放置位置；3题需提取原文中各时辰对应的器官，完成信息匹配；4题需根据原文细节判断选项正误，排除干扰项。
【解析】
1题：根据第一段“People with illnesses may feel all right in the early morning. They often spend their day peacefully and then begin feeling bad at dusk. Nighttime is the worst.”可知，生病的人清晨感觉良好，白天感受平稳，黄昏开始变差，夜晚最糟，对应图像A（初始为good，水平一段后下降至bad），故选A。
2题：第二段中，③前一句提到“TCM pairs the function of human organs with shichen”（中医将器官功能与时辰匹配），所给句子“Understanding the relationship between organs and the shichen helps keep healthy”承接该句，说明理解这种关系的作用，引出下文对四个重要时辰的介绍，故放在③处，选C。
3题：根据原文：子时（zi）对应胆囊（gall bladder），卯时（mao）对应大肠（large intestine），午时（wu）对应心脏（heart），酉时（you）对应肾脏（kidney），匹配顺序为③④①②，故选D。
4题：A项原文说子时应早睡（至少11点前），并非“尽可能早”；B项原文是午饭后小睡，未提及“立刻”；C项卯时（5-7点）是清空身体废物的时间，符合；D项原文说晚餐不宜过饱，错误。故选C。
【答案】
1. A 2. C 3. D 4. C
【知识点】
说明文阅读理解；细节理解；信息匹配
【点评】
本题以中医文化为主题，考查学生对说明文细节的定位、逻辑衔接的分析及信息匹配能力，需准确把握段落间的逻辑关系和关键细节。
【难度系数】
0.5
本题为围绕中医文化的说明文阅读理解，需结合原文细节、逻辑关系逐一分析各题目：1题需定位生病者一天的感受变化，匹配对应图像趋势；2题需分析句子与上下文的逻辑衔接，判断放置位置；3题需提取原文中各时辰对应的器官，完成信息匹配；4题需根据原文细节判断选项正误，排除干扰项。
【解析】
1题：根据第一段“People with illnesses may feel all right in the early morning. They often spend their day peacefully and then begin feeling bad at dusk. Nighttime is the worst.”可知，生病的人清晨感觉良好，白天感受平稳，黄昏开始变差，夜晚最糟，对应图像A（初始为good，水平一段后下降至bad），故选A。
2题：第二段中，③前一句提到“TCM pairs the function of human organs with shichen”（中医将器官功能与时辰匹配），所给句子“Understanding the relationship between organs and the shichen helps keep healthy”承接该句，说明理解这种关系的作用，引出下文对四个重要时辰的介绍，故放在③处，选C。
3题：根据原文：子时（zi）对应胆囊（gall bladder），卯时（mao）对应大肠（large intestine），午时（wu）对应心脏（heart），酉时（you）对应肾脏（kidney），匹配顺序为③④①②，故选D。
4题：A项原文说子时应早睡（至少11点前），并非“尽可能早”；B项原文是午饭后小睡，未提及“立刻”；C项卯时（5-7点）是清空身体废物的时间，符合；D项原文说晚餐不宜过饱，错误。故选C。
【答案】
1. A 2. C 3. D 4. C
【知识点】
说明文阅读理解；细节理解；信息匹配
【点评】
本题以中医文化为主题，考查学生对说明文细节的定位、逻辑衔接的分析及信息匹配能力，需准确把握段落间的逻辑关系和关键细节。
【难度系数】
0.5
