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四、阅读短文，在文中空白处填入 1 个适当的单词，或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。
(2025·江苏徐州鼓楼区东苑中学期中)
Many people leave their hometowns to work in big cities. Zhang Bin,
More and more hometowns are developing
Zhang Bin thinks the changes in his hometown are great. He is very happy about the new school in his village. However, he
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
(2025·江苏徐州鼓楼区东苑中学期中)
Many people leave their hometowns to work in big cities. Zhang Bin,
a
46-year-old man from Huaihua, is one of them. He works
(work) in a shoe factory in Wenzhou. He really
(real) misses his hometown.More and more hometowns are developing
faster
(fast) than before. Large hospitals and new schools are built. There are many new roads and bridges
(bridge). This has made travelling between villages and
cities much easier. Thanks to the new roads around his village, Zhang Bin is now able to open
(open) an online shop that sells delicious food from
his hometown.Zhang Bin thinks the changes in his hometown are great. He is very happy about the new school in his village. However, he
believes
(believe) that one thing will never change—the lovely old tree. The hometown is the place that holds his
(he) best memories.1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
答案
1. a 2. works 3. really 4. faster 5. bridges 6. and 7. to open 8. from 9. believes 10. his
解析
【分析】
这是一篇语篇型语法填空题，解题思路如下：第一步先通读全文，了解文章讲述外出务工的张斌见证家乡发展变化、依托家乡优势创业的故事，确定全文整体时态为一般现在时。第二步逐个分析空格：1. 空格后是首次出现的泛指的“46岁男性”，判断填冠词；2. 主语He是第三人称单数，结合一般现在时规则变形谓语动词；3. 空格修饰动词misses，需要把给出的形容词real转换为副词；4. 空格后有比较级标志词than，要将fast变为比较级形式；5. 空格和并列的复数名词roads形式保持一致，用bridge的复数；6. 空格前后的villages和cities是并列关系，填并列连词；7. 结合固定搭配be able to do sth判断动词形式；8. 结合“售卖家乡的美食”的语境判断所需介词；9. 主语he是第三人称单数，一般现在时下谓语动词变三单形式；10. 空格后有名词memories，要把主格he变为形容词性物主代词修饰名词。
【解析】
1. 此处表示“一位来自怀化的46岁男士”，表泛指，46-year-old发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
2. 全文时态为一般现在时，主语He是第三人称单数，谓语动词work要变为第三人称单数形式，故填works。
3. 空格处修饰动词misses，需要用副词作状语，形容词real对应的副词形式是really，故填really。
4. 空格后出现比较级标志词than，提示此处要用副词fast的比较级形式，故填faster。
5. 空格前的并列成分many new roads是复数形式，and并列的名词bridge也要用复数形式，故填bridges。
6. 此处表示“乡村和城市之间的出行”，villages和cities是并列的两个名词，用并列连词and连接，故填and。
7. 此处是固定搭配be able to do sth.，意为“能够做某事”，所以open要变为不定式形式，故填to open。
8. 此处表达“售卖来自他家乡的美味食物”，介词from表示“来自”，符合语境，故填from。
9. 全文为一般现在时，主语he是第三人称单数，谓语动词believe要变为第三人称单数形式，故填believes。
10. 空格后有名词memories，需要用形容词性物主代词修饰名词，人称代词主格he对应的物主代词是his，故填his。
【答案】
1. a 2. works 3. really 4. faster 5. bridges 6. and 7. to open 8. from 9. believes 10. his
【知识点】
冠词用法，词形转换，固定搭配
【点评】
本题选取家乡发展的生活化语境，覆盖初中阶段核心基础语法考点，难度偏基础，既考查学生对冠词、介词、连词等虚词的用法掌握，也考查词形变换、动词时态等核心知识点，提醒学生做这类题时要先把握全文时态，再结合空格前后的提示信息（比如than、并列结构、固定短语搭配）推导正确形式，避免低级失误。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇语篇型语法填空题，解题思路如下：第一步先通读全文，了解文章讲述外出务工的张斌见证家乡发展变化、依托家乡优势创业的故事，确定全文整体时态为一般现在时。第二步逐个分析空格：1. 空格后是首次出现的泛指的“46岁男性”，判断填冠词；2. 主语He是第三人称单数，结合一般现在时规则变形谓语动词；3. 空格修饰动词misses，需要把给出的形容词real转换为副词；4. 空格后有比较级标志词than，要将fast变为比较级形式；5. 空格和并列的复数名词roads形式保持一致，用bridge的复数；6. 空格前后的villages和cities是并列关系，填并列连词；7. 结合固定搭配be able to do sth判断动词形式；8. 结合“售卖家乡的美食”的语境判断所需介词；9. 主语he是第三人称单数，一般现在时下谓语动词变三单形式；10. 空格后有名词memories，要把主格he变为形容词性物主代词修饰名词。
【解析】
1. 此处表示“一位来自怀化的46岁男士”，表泛指，46-year-old发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
2. 全文时态为一般现在时，主语He是第三人称单数，谓语动词work要变为第三人称单数形式，故填works。
3. 空格处修饰动词misses，需要用副词作状语，形容词real对应的副词形式是really，故填really。
4. 空格后出现比较级标志词than，提示此处要用副词fast的比较级形式，故填faster。
5. 空格前的并列成分many new roads是复数形式，and并列的名词bridge也要用复数形式，故填bridges。
6. 此处表示“乡村和城市之间的出行”，villages和cities是并列的两个名词，用并列连词and连接，故填and。
7. 此处是固定搭配be able to do sth.，意为“能够做某事”，所以open要变为不定式形式，故填to open。
8. 此处表达“售卖来自他家乡的美味食物”，介词from表示“来自”，符合语境，故填from。
9. 全文为一般现在时，主语he是第三人称单数，谓语动词believe要变为第三人称单数形式，故填believes。
10. 空格后有名词memories，需要用形容词性物主代词修饰名词，人称代词主格he对应的物主代词是his，故填his。
【答案】
1. a 2. works 3. really 4. faster 5. bridges 6. and 7. to open 8. from 9. believes 10. his
【知识点】
冠词用法，词形转换，固定搭配
【点评】
本题选取家乡发展的生活化语境，覆盖初中阶段核心基础语法考点，难度偏基础，既考查学生对冠词、介词、连词等虚词的用法掌握，也考查词形变换、动词时态等核心知识点，提醒学生做这类题时要先把握全文时态，再结合空格前后的提示信息（比如than、并列结构、固定短语搭配）推导正确形式，避免低级失误。
【难度系数】
0.7
五、阅读理解。
Automated(自动化的) kitchens aren't sci-fi scenes from films like Star Trek any more. Right now, robots are used to fry chicken, make pizza, prepare salad and many more. AI can invent recipes based on what a kitchen has. More advanced(先进的) concepts are in development to automate kitchens for fine dining.
Since technology tends to be expensive at first, restaurants and other businesses are the first ones to use AI kitchen technology. Over time, prices are likely to fall enough for the home market, changing how homes and society work.
The benefits of AI kitchens include helping cooks to avoid boring tasks like peeling potatoes. It can free up time, allowing people to focus on more important tasks. For personalized eating, AI can fit countless special diets and tastes on demand.
However, there are risks to human well-being(康乐). Cooking is a good activity that helps with communication and self-expression, but these benefits could be reduced if human involvement becomes unnecessary. Family relationships might suffer without the collaborative(协作的) kitchen environment.
Furthermore, the kitchen serves as the household's science laboratory, playing an important role in science education. The art of cooking helps kids learn about materials, chemistry and problem-solving.
Cultural risks must also be considered. For example, AI could mess up traditional recipes and methods, as it often oversimplifies(将……过于简单化) cultural details. This may result in AI and robot cooks producing less diverse(多种多样的) dishes. Depending too heavily on technology in meal creation may result in a lack of variety, resulting in sameness in taste, similar to the strange feel of AI art images across different apps.
Convenience(便利) can come at a great cost, so it's important to consider the possible social disruptions(扰乱) that new technology might bring, especially in areas like food that are closely tied to our everyday lives.
(
A. Because they are more interested in automation.
B. Because they can afford the high costs.
C. Because they have more space for robots.
D. Because they want to attract more customers.
(
A. Meeting various demands.
B. Saving money on food.
C. Reducing kitchen waste.
D. Improving family relationships.
(
A. By replacing human cooks.
B. By encouraging home cooking.
C. By focusing on personalized eating.
D. By oversimplifying traditional recipes.
(
A. Positive.
B. Negative.
C. Cautious(谨慎的).
D. Unclear.
Automated(自动化的) kitchens aren't sci-fi scenes from films like Star Trek any more. Right now, robots are used to fry chicken, make pizza, prepare salad and many more. AI can invent recipes based on what a kitchen has. More advanced(先进的) concepts are in development to automate kitchens for fine dining.
Since technology tends to be expensive at first, restaurants and other businesses are the first ones to use AI kitchen technology. Over time, prices are likely to fall enough for the home market, changing how homes and society work.
The benefits of AI kitchens include helping cooks to avoid boring tasks like peeling potatoes. It can free up time, allowing people to focus on more important tasks. For personalized eating, AI can fit countless special diets and tastes on demand.
However, there are risks to human well-being(康乐). Cooking is a good activity that helps with communication and self-expression, but these benefits could be reduced if human involvement becomes unnecessary. Family relationships might suffer without the collaborative(协作的) kitchen environment.
Furthermore, the kitchen serves as the household's science laboratory, playing an important role in science education. The art of cooking helps kids learn about materials, chemistry and problem-solving.
Cultural risks must also be considered. For example, AI could mess up traditional recipes and methods, as it often oversimplifies(将……过于简单化) cultural details. This may result in AI and robot cooks producing less diverse(多种多样的) dishes. Depending too heavily on technology in meal creation may result in a lack of variety, resulting in sameness in taste, similar to the strange feel of AI art images across different apps.
Convenience(便利) can come at a great cost, so it's important to consider the possible social disruptions(扰乱) that new technology might bring, especially in areas like food that are closely tied to our everyday lives.
(
B
)1. Why are restaurants the first to use AI kitchen technology?A. Because they are more interested in automation.
B. Because they can afford the high costs.
C. Because they have more space for robots.
D. Because they want to attract more customers.
(
A
)2. What is one potential benefit of AI kitchens mentioned in the article?A. Meeting various demands.
B. Saving money on food.
C. Reducing kitchen waste.
D. Improving family relationships.
(
D
)3. How could AI potentially harm cultural diversity in food?A. By replacing human cooks.
B. By encouraging home cooking.
C. By focusing on personalized eating.
D. By oversimplifying traditional recipes.
(
C
)4. What is the author's attitude towards the widespread use of AI kitchens?A. Positive.
B. Negative.
C. Cautious(谨慎的).
D. Unclear.
答案
1. B 【点拨】根据“Since technology tends to be expensive at first, restaurants and other businesses are the first ones to use AI kitchen technology.”可知，餐厅是第一批使用 AI 技术的地方，因为这些技术一开始往往很昂贵，而餐厅和其他企业能够承担得起高昂的成本。故选 B。
2. A 【点拨】根据“For personalized eating, AI can fit countless special diets and tastes on demand.”可知，AI 的一个潜在好处是能够满足各种不同的饮食需求。故选 A。
3. D 【点拨】根据“Cultural risks must also be considered. For example, AI could mess up traditional recipes and methods, as it often oversimplifies(将……过于简单化) cultural details.”可知，AI 可能会过度简化文化细节，从而潜在破坏食品的文化多样性。故选 D。
4. C 【点拨】根据最后一段内容可知，作者对 AI 厨房的广泛使用持谨慎态度，认为实现便利可能会付出巨大的代价，需要考虑新技术可能带来的社会混乱。故选 C。
2. A 【点拨】根据“For personalized eating, AI can fit countless special diets and tastes on demand.”可知，AI 的一个潜在好处是能够满足各种不同的饮食需求。故选 A。
3. D 【点拨】根据“Cultural risks must also be considered. For example, AI could mess up traditional recipes and methods, as it often oversimplifies(将……过于简单化) cultural details.”可知，AI 可能会过度简化文化细节，从而潜在破坏食品的文化多样性。故选 D。
4. C 【点拨】根据最后一段内容可知，作者对 AI 厨房的广泛使用持谨慎态度，认为实现便利可能会付出巨大的代价，需要考虑新技术可能带来的社会混乱。故选 C。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇科技主题的说明文阅读理解，解题时遵循先划题干关键词、再回原文定位比对、最后排除错误选项的思路：首先针对每道题的核心信息回到对应段落找原文依据，细节题直接匹配原文表述排除无中生有的干扰项，态度题结合作者对利弊的双重表述判断立场，不需要主观脑补额外信息就能选出正确答案。
【解析】
1. 第1题：定位原文第二段第一句"Since technology tends to be expensive at first, restaurants and other businesses are the first ones to use AI kitchen technology"，可知早期AI厨房技术成本很高，餐厅作为经营主体有能力承担高昂费用才率先使用。选项A的"更感兴趣"、C的"有更多空间"、D的"吸引顾客"原文均无相关表述，直接排除，选B。
2. 第2题：定位原文第三段最后一句"For personalized eating, AI can fit countless special diets and tastes on demand"，可知AI可以按需适配无数特殊饮食和口味，对应"满足各类不同需求"的好处。选项B"节省食材成本"、C"减少厨房浪费"原文完全未提及，D"改善家庭关系"和原文提到的"家庭关系可能受损"表述相反，排除后选A。
3. 第3题：定位原文第六段"AI could mess up traditional recipes and methods, as it often oversimplifies cultural details. This may result in AI and robot cooks producing less diverse dishes"，可知AI过度简化传统食谱里的文化细节，直接导致食物文化多样性下降。A"替换人类厨师"不是破坏多样性的直接原因，B"鼓励家庭烹饪"和原文表述逻辑相反，C"聚焦个性化饮食"和文化多样性受损没有关联，排除后选D。
4. 第4题：作者既介绍了AI厨房的实用优势，又逐条列举了它在人际互动、科普教育、饮食文化层面的潜在风险，最后一段明确提出"便利可能要付出巨大代价，必须重视新技术可能带来的社会扰乱"，说明作者既不盲目支持也不全盘否定，对AI厨房的普及持审慎评估的态度，对应选项C。
【答案】
1.B 2.A 3.D 4.C
【知识点】
阅读细节定位，作者态度推断，说明文信息提取
【点评】
本题考点以细节理解为主，仅最后1道为态度推断题，整体命题贴合说明文阅读的常规考查逻辑，易错点是第4题容易看到作者写了很多风险就误选消极态度，要注意作者同时也认可了AI厨房的便利价值，整体立场是谨慎而非完全反对。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇科技主题的说明文阅读理解，解题时遵循先划题干关键词、再回原文定位比对、最后排除错误选项的思路：首先针对每道题的核心信息回到对应段落找原文依据，细节题直接匹配原文表述排除无中生有的干扰项，态度题结合作者对利弊的双重表述判断立场，不需要主观脑补额外信息就能选出正确答案。
【解析】
1. 第1题：定位原文第二段第一句"Since technology tends to be expensive at first, restaurants and other businesses are the first ones to use AI kitchen technology"，可知早期AI厨房技术成本很高，餐厅作为经营主体有能力承担高昂费用才率先使用。选项A的"更感兴趣"、C的"有更多空间"、D的"吸引顾客"原文均无相关表述，直接排除，选B。
2. 第2题：定位原文第三段最后一句"For personalized eating, AI can fit countless special diets and tastes on demand"，可知AI可以按需适配无数特殊饮食和口味，对应"满足各类不同需求"的好处。选项B"节省食材成本"、C"减少厨房浪费"原文完全未提及，D"改善家庭关系"和原文提到的"家庭关系可能受损"表述相反，排除后选A。
3. 第3题：定位原文第六段"AI could mess up traditional recipes and methods, as it often oversimplifies cultural details. This may result in AI and robot cooks producing less diverse dishes"，可知AI过度简化传统食谱里的文化细节，直接导致食物文化多样性下降。A"替换人类厨师"不是破坏多样性的直接原因，B"鼓励家庭烹饪"和原文表述逻辑相反，C"聚焦个性化饮食"和文化多样性受损没有关联，排除后选D。
4. 第4题：作者既介绍了AI厨房的实用优势，又逐条列举了它在人际互动、科普教育、饮食文化层面的潜在风险，最后一段明确提出"便利可能要付出巨大代价，必须重视新技术可能带来的社会扰乱"，说明作者既不盲目支持也不全盘否定，对AI厨房的普及持审慎评估的态度，对应选项C。
【答案】
1.B 2.A 3.D 4.C
【知识点】
阅读细节定位，作者态度推断，说明文信息提取
【点评】
本题考点以细节理解为主，仅最后1道为态度推断题，整体命题贴合说明文阅读的常规考查逻辑，易错点是第4题容易看到作者写了很多风险就误选消极态度，要注意作者同时也认可了AI厨房的便利价值，整体立场是谨慎而非完全反对。
【难度系数】
0.7
