一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. My grandfather has a large (collect) of old stamps from different countries.
2. In the 1990s, many families bought (radio) to listen to news and music.
3. We need to do some (science) experiments to prove this theory is correct.
4. The (explore) of the deep sea has brought us many new discoveries.
5. Her sister is a famous (biology) who studies plants in the rainforest.

1. collection 2. radios 3. scientific
4. exploration 5. biologist

【分析】本题考查英语词汇的词性转换及名词复数变化，解题时需先分析每个句子的结构，判断空格处所缺的词性，再将所给词转换为正确形式：1. 空格前有不定冠词a和形容词large，需填名词；2. 主语为many families，空格处需用复数名词；3. 空格修饰名词experiments，需填形容词；4. 空格在定冠词the后作主语，需填名词；5. 空格前有a famous，需填表示人的职业名词。
【解析】1. 所给词collect为动词，此处需名词，其名词形式为collection，构成固定短语a large collection of；2. 所给词radio是可数名词，结合语境需用复数形式radios；3. 所给词science是名词，修饰名词experiments需用形容词scientific；4. 所给词explore是动词，此处需名词作主语，其名词形式为exploration；5. 所给词biology是名词，此处指职业（生物学家），转换为职业名词biologist。
【答案】1. collection 2. radios 3. scientific 4. exploration 5. biologist
【知识点】词性转换、名词复数
【点评】本题为基础词汇填空题，主要考查学生对英语词汇词性转换及名词复数规则的掌握，题型常规，难度适中，适合巩固英语基础词汇的运用。
【难度系数】0.7

二、用方框中所给词的适当形式填空
interest forever whole appear bank
1. It took the workers the day to finish building the small bridge.
2. There are two near our school, so it's convenient to do some business.
3. The little girl hopes that she can stay with her grandparents .
4. The students are in the history class because the teacher tells funny stories.
5. The sun behind the clouds suddenly and it began to rain heavily.

1. whole 2. banks 3. forever 4. interested
5. disappeared

【分析】
本题为用方框所给词的适当形式填空题，解题思路为：先理解每个句子的语境，明确每个空缺处所需的词性、词义；再匹配方框内的词汇，结合语法规则（如名词复数、动词时态、固定搭配等）对词汇进行适当变形，最终确定答案。
【解析】
1. 句意：工人们花了一整天完成这座小桥的建造。方框中“whole”意为“整个的”，为形容词，可修饰名词“day”，符合语境，故填whole。
2. 句意：我们学校附近有两家银行，所以做生意很方便。方框中“bank”意为“银行”，为可数名词，“two”后需接可数名词复数，故填banks。
3. 句意：这个小女孩希望她能永远和祖父母待在一起。方框中“forever”意为“永远”，为副词，可修饰动词短语“stay with”，符合语境，故填forever。
4. 句意：学生们对历史课感兴趣，因为老师讲有趣的故事。方框中“interest”的形容词形式“interested”，构成固定搭配“be interested in”（对……感兴趣），符合语境，故填interested。
5. 句意：太阳突然消失在云后，开始下起大雨。方框中“appear”意为“出现”，根据句意此处需用其反义词“disappear”，且句子为一般过去时，故填disappeared。
【答案】
1. whole 2. banks 3. forever 4. interested 5. disappeared
【知识点】
形容词的用法、名词复数、动词过去式
【点评】
本题考查基础词汇的适当形式运用，侧重语境理解与语法变形的结合，难度适中，学生只要掌握词汇的基本含义及常见语法规则即可正确解答。
【难度系数】
0.7

三、根据汉语意思完成句子
1. 政府将会为贫困家庭提供免费的食物和衣物。
The government will the
poor families free food and clothes.
2. 在十岁时，她钢琴就弹得非常好了。
ten, she could play the piano very well.
3. 英雄们的伟大精神将永存我们心中。
The great spirit of the heroes will in our hearts forever.
4. 下公交车的时候，别落下你的书包。
Don't your schoolbag when you get off the bus.

1. provide; with 2. At the age of 3. live on
4. leave behind

【分析】
本题为根据汉语意思完成句子的题型，主要考查英语常用固定搭配与短语的运用。解题时需结合汉语提示，回忆对应的英语固定表达，再根据句子的时态、句式等语法要求，确定单词或短语的正确形式。具体来看：第1题考查“为某人提供某物”的固定搭配；第2题考查“在……岁时”的常用表达；第3题考查“永存”的固定短语；第4题考查“落下、遗留”的常用短语，需结合语境准确填写。
【解析】
1. “为某人提供某物”的英语固定搭配为provide sb with sth，句子中will后接动词原形，故填provide; with；
2. “在十岁时”的固定表达为At the age of，位于句首首字母需大写，故填At the age of；
3. “永存”对应的英语短语为live on，will后接动词原形，故填live on；
4. “落下、遗留”的英语短语为leave behind，祈使句否定形式Don't后接动词原形，故填leave behind。
【答案】
1. provide; with 2. At the age of 3. live on 4. leave behind
【知识点】
固定搭配、常用短语
【点评】
本题聚焦英语基础固定搭配与短语的运用，属于初中英语基础题型，要求学生熟练掌握常见固定表达，结合汉语提示和句子语法结构准确填写，平时积累到位即可轻松完成。
【难度系数】
0.7

一、短文填空
人与社会——铁路工程师詹天佑

时文原创 Zhan Tianyou is a great engineer who is deeply respected by all Chinese people. He is 1 as the "Father of China's Railways". His story still moves us and his spirit 2 us to work hard today.
Born in 1861, Zhan Tianyou was one of the first students sent to study abroad by the Qing government. He learned a lot about railway engineering in the US and mastered advanced skills. When he 3 to China, he found that all the railway projects were controlled by foreigners. He made up his mind 4 a railway by Chinese themselves.
The most famous project he took part in
was the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway. The work was full of 5. The mountains were high and the weather was bad. Some foreign engineers even laughed 6 him, saying it was impossible to finish the work. 7 Zhan Tianyou never gave up. He worked day and night, looking for new ways to solve problems. For example, he designed a special "Z-shaped" line to overcome the difficulty of climbing steep slopes. In 1909, the railway was finally completed, two years 8 than planned. It was the first railway that was designed, built and managed 9 by Chinese.
Zhan Tianyou was a person of great 10. He loved his country deeply and put all his heart into his work. He didn't care about personal fame or wealth. What he cared about most was to win honor for China.
Today, when we take trains and enjoy the convenience of railways, we should always 11 this great man. His spirit of patriotism and hard work will never be out of date.
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9.
10. 11.

1. famous 2. encourages 3. returned
4. to build 5. difficulties 6. at 7. But
8. earlier 9. completely 10. courage
11. remember

【分析】
本题为英语短文填空题，需结合语境、固定搭配、语法规则及词性辨析，从给定单词库中选择合适词汇填空。解题思路：先通读全文理解主旨大意，再逐个分析每个空格的词性要求、语境逻辑，结合固定搭配、时态、单复数等规则匹配对应单词，确保填入后语句通顺、符合语法和语义。
【解析】
1. 固定搭配“be famous as”意为“作为……而出名”，符合“詹天佑被称为中国铁路之父”的语境，故填famous。
2. 主语“his spirit”为第三人称单数，句子时态为一般现在时，“encourage sb to do sth”（鼓励某人做某事），故填encourages。
3. 语境为“返回中国”，“return to + 地点”，结合过去时态，故填returned。
4. 固定搭配“make up one's mind to do sth”（下定决心做某事），需用动词不定式，故填to build。
5. “be full of”后接名词，此处指工程中的“困难”，用复数形式difficulties，故填difficulties。
6. 固定搭配“laugh at”意为“嘲笑”，符合“外国工程师嘲笑他”的语境，故填at。
7. 前文提到外国工程师嘲笑，后文说詹天佑不放弃，为转折关系，句首首字母大写，故填But。
8. 由“than”可知用比较级，“earlier than planned”意为“比计划更早”，符合“铁路提前完工”的语境，故填earlier。
9. 此处修饰动词“designed, built and managed”，需用副词，故填completely。
10. “great”后接名词，“a person of great courage”意为“一个有巨大勇气的人”，符合詹天佑的品质，故填courage。
11. “should”为情态动词，后接动词原形，结合“记住这位伟人”的语境，故填remember。
【答案】
1. famous 2. encourages 3. returned 4. to build 5. difficulties 6. at 7. But 8. earlier 9. completely 10. courage 11. remember
【知识点】
固定搭配、动词时态、词性辨析
【点评】
本题考查词汇在语境中的运用，涵盖基础固定搭配、语法规则（时态、词性）等知识点，需学生结合上下文逻辑匹配单词，整体难度适中，能有效考查学生的词汇掌握和语境运用能力。
【难度系数】
0.6