1. 主谓一致(Subject-verb agreement)
同学们知道不定代词作主语、连词连接两个主语时,谓语动词该如何变化吗?请仔细观察下列例句,总结主谓一致的用法。
Everybody is looking forward to the 4×100 m relay. 每个人都在期待4×100米接力。
Both are quite fast. 两人都很快。
Either Wang Yaming or Adam is a possible choice. 要么王亚明要么亚当是可能的选择。
My family also watch / watches team sports together. 我的家人也一起看团队运动。
从例句中我们可以看出,everybody, everyone, nobody等不定代词作主语时,谓语动词通常用(1)数形式。
both指代两者,表示“两者都”,作主语时,谓语动词用(2)数形式。
当either...or...(要么……要么……)、neither...nor...(既不……也不……)、not only...but also...(不但……而且……)连接两个主语时,谓语动词通常遵循(3)原则(即与最近的主语保持一致)。
当family, class, team等集合名词作为一个整体时,谓语动词用单数;当强调集体里的各个
具体成员时,用(4)数。
小贴士
1.表示时间、距离、金钱、重量等的复数名词作主语时,通常被看作一个整体,谓语动词用(5)数。
例: Ten years is a long time. 十年是一段很长的时间。
2.“a number of + 复数名词”作主语时,意为“大量的……”,中心词是复数名词,谓语动词用复数;“the number of + 复数名词”作主语时,意为“……的数量”,中心词是number,谓语用(6)数。
例: A number of questions were discussed in the meeting. 会议讨论了若干问题。
【即学即练】用括号内动词的正确形式填空。
(1)Everyone in the sports club (like) playing table tennis.
(2)Both of the runners (run) faster than before.
(3)Neither the coach nor the players (know) the result of the game.
(4)The team (have) a one-hour training every morning.
(5)Twenty kilometres ______ (be) too far for the beginners to run at one time.
(6)Either you or he (have) to stay at home to look after the dog.
(7)The number of students in our class (be) 45, and a number of them (like) playing football.
同学们知道不定代词作主语、连词连接两个主语时,谓语动词该如何变化吗?请仔细观察下列例句,总结主谓一致的用法。
Everybody is looking forward to the 4×100 m relay. 每个人都在期待4×100米接力。
Both are quite fast. 两人都很快。
Either Wang Yaming or Adam is a possible choice. 要么王亚明要么亚当是可能的选择。
My family also watch / watches team sports together. 我的家人也一起看团队运动。
从例句中我们可以看出,everybody, everyone, nobody等不定代词作主语时,谓语动词通常用(1)数形式。
both指代两者,表示“两者都”,作主语时,谓语动词用(2)数形式。
当either...or...(要么……要么……)、neither...nor...(既不……也不……)、not only...but also...(不但……而且……)连接两个主语时,谓语动词通常遵循(3)原则(即与最近的主语保持一致)。
当family, class, team等集合名词作为一个整体时,谓语动词用单数;当强调集体里的各个
具体成员时,用(4)数。
小贴士
1.表示时间、距离、金钱、重量等的复数名词作主语时,通常被看作一个整体,谓语动词用(5)数。
例: Ten years is a long time. 十年是一段很长的时间。
2.“a number of + 复数名词”作主语时,意为“大量的……”,中心词是复数名词,谓语动词用复数;“the number of + 复数名词”作主语时,意为“……的数量”,中心词是number,谓语用(6)数。
例: A number of questions were discussed in the meeting. 会议讨论了若干问题。
【即学即练】用括号内动词的正确形式填空。
(1)Everyone in the sports club (like) playing table tennis.
(2)Both of the runners (run) faster than before.
(3)Neither the coach nor the players (know) the result of the game.
(4)The team (have) a one-hour training every morning.
(5)Twenty kilometres ______ (be) too far for the beginners to run at one time.
(6)Either you or he (have) to stay at home to look after the dog.
(7)The number of students in our class (be) 45, and a number of them (like) playing football.
答案
1. (1)单 (2)复 (3)就近 (4)复 (5)单 (6)单
即学即练:(1) likes (2) run (3) know (4) has (5) is (6) has (7) is; like
即学即练:(1) likes (2) run (3) know (4) has (5) is (6) has (7) is; like
解析
【分析】
本题考查英语主谓一致的核心语法规则,解题思路为:先梳理不同主语类型对应的谓语动词变化规则,再结合规则完成填空和练习。需明确各类主谓一致的关键规则:①不定代词(如everybody)作主语时谓语用单数;②both指代两者作主语时谓语用复数;③either...or等连接主语时遵循就近原则;④集合名词强调整体时谓语用单数,强调成员时用复数;⑤表时间/距离等的复数名词作整体时谓语用单数;⑥the number of作主语时谓语用单数,a number of作主语时谓语用复数。再根据每个空的主语类型匹配对应规则,确定答案。
【解析】
1. 不定代词everybody等作主语,谓语动词用单数,故(1)填“单”;
2. both指代两者,作主语时谓语动词用复数,故(2)填“复”;
3. either...or等连接两个主语时,谓语动词遵循就近原则(与最近主语一致),故(3)填“就近”;
4. 集合名词强调集体成员时,谓语动词用复数,故(4)填“复”;
5. 表时间、距离等的复数名词作整体时,谓语动词用单数,故(5)填“单”;
6. the number of + 复数名词作主语时,中心词是number,谓语动词用单数,故(6)填“单”;
即学即练:
(1)主语everyone是不定代词,谓语用单数,故like变为likes;
(2)主语是both of the runners(指代两者),谓语用复数,故填run;
(3)neither...nor连接主语,遵循就近原则,最近主语是players(复数),故填know;
(4)主语team此处强调整体,谓语用单数,故have变为has;
(5)主语twenty kilometres是距离整体,谓语用单数,故填is;
(6)either...or连接主语,遵循就近原则,最近主语是he(单数),故have变为has;
(7)第一个空the number of students中心是number,谓语用单数,故填is;第二个空a number of them指代复数,谓语用复数,故填like;
【答案】
1. (1)单 (2)复 (3)就近 (4)复 (5)单 (6)单
即学即练:(1) likes (2) run (3) know (4) has (5) is (6) has (7) is; like
【知识点】
主谓一致、就近原则、集合名词主谓一致
【点评】
本题为英语基础语法题,聚焦初中阶段核心的主谓一致考点,涵盖常考的不定代词、连词结构、集合名词、数量表达等主谓一致类型,帮助学生巩固基础语法规则,适合夯实英语语法基础。
【难度系数】
0.7
本题考查英语主谓一致的核心语法规则,解题思路为:先梳理不同主语类型对应的谓语动词变化规则,再结合规则完成填空和练习。需明确各类主谓一致的关键规则:①不定代词(如everybody)作主语时谓语用单数;②both指代两者作主语时谓语用复数;③either...or等连接主语时遵循就近原则;④集合名词强调整体时谓语用单数,强调成员时用复数;⑤表时间/距离等的复数名词作整体时谓语用单数;⑥the number of作主语时谓语用单数,a number of作主语时谓语用复数。再根据每个空的主语类型匹配对应规则,确定答案。
【解析】
1. 不定代词everybody等作主语,谓语动词用单数,故(1)填“单”;
2. both指代两者,作主语时谓语动词用复数,故(2)填“复”;
3. either...or等连接两个主语时,谓语动词遵循就近原则(与最近主语一致),故(3)填“就近”;
4. 集合名词强调集体成员时,谓语动词用复数,故(4)填“复”;
5. 表时间、距离等的复数名词作整体时,谓语动词用单数,故(5)填“单”;
6. the number of + 复数名词作主语时,中心词是number,谓语动词用单数,故(6)填“单”;
即学即练:
(1)主语everyone是不定代词,谓语用单数,故like变为likes;
(2)主语是both of the runners(指代两者),谓语用复数,故填run;
(3)neither...nor连接主语,遵循就近原则,最近主语是players(复数),故填know;
(4)主语team此处强调整体,谓语用单数,故have变为has;
(5)主语twenty kilometres是距离整体,谓语用单数,故填is;
(6)either...or连接主语,遵循就近原则,最近主语是he(单数),故have变为has;
(7)第一个空the number of students中心是number,谓语用单数,故填is;第二个空a number of them指代复数,谓语用复数,故填like;
【答案】
1. (1)单 (2)复 (3)就近 (4)复 (5)单 (6)单
即学即练:(1) likes (2) run (3) know (4) has (5) is (6) has (7) is; like
【知识点】
主谓一致、就近原则、集合名词主谓一致
【点评】
本题为英语基础语法题,聚焦初中阶段核心的主谓一致考点,涵盖常考的不定代词、连词结构、集合名词、数量表达等主谓一致类型,帮助学生巩固基础语法规则,适合夯实英语语法基础。
【难度系数】
0.7
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