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一、任务型阅读。（50 分）
A(2024·无锡)
新素材 传统文化 As a country strong in maths, China has many folk games filled with maths wisdom. You may have played many of them before. Let's take a look at two of them.
Luban Lock
Luban Lock was first created by Chinese carpenter Lu Ban about 2,000 years ago. It is said that Lu used six wooden pieces to make a toy that looks like a lock for his son. The lock has a lot to do with solid geometry(立体几何). It's hard to separate the six pieces. However, it is usually easier to unlock a Luban Lock than to put it back together. Now, there are Luban Locks made up of nine or more pieces.
Huarong Pass
Huarong Pass is a traditional Chinese block-moving puzzle. Every block is named after a character in the book Romance of the Three Kingdoms, like Cao Cao, Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun. To succeed in the game, players have to move the blocks to get “Cao Cao” out. This is a test of one's maths knowledge, for example, of geometric area(几何面积). According to the Chinese Puzzle website, it takes at least 81 steps to set “Cao Cao” free.
Title: Two Ancient Chinese 1 Toys
Luban Lock
• It was first created by Lu Ban about 2,000 years ago.
• Lu Ban used 6 pieces of 2 to make a lock-like toy for his son.
• It uses maths knowledge such as solid geometry.
• It is 3 to put the six pieces back together than to unlock it.
Huarong Pass
• It is made up of a few blocks, and every block has the 4 of a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
• Players win the game by 5 the blocks to set “Cao Cao” free.
• It can test players' maths knowledge like geometric area.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A(2024·无锡)
新素材 传统文化 As a country strong in maths, China has many folk games filled with maths wisdom. You may have played many of them before. Let's take a look at two of them.
Luban Lock
Luban Lock was first created by Chinese carpenter Lu Ban about 2,000 years ago. It is said that Lu used six wooden pieces to make a toy that looks like a lock for his son. The lock has a lot to do with solid geometry(立体几何). It's hard to separate the six pieces. However, it is usually easier to unlock a Luban Lock than to put it back together. Now, there are Luban Locks made up of nine or more pieces.
Huarong Pass
Huarong Pass is a traditional Chinese block-moving puzzle. Every block is named after a character in the book Romance of the Three Kingdoms, like Cao Cao, Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun. To succeed in the game, players have to move the blocks to get “Cao Cao” out. This is a test of one's maths knowledge, for example, of geometric area(几何面积). According to the Chinese Puzzle website, it takes at least 81 steps to set “Cao Cao” free.
Title: Two Ancient Chinese 1 Toys
Luban Lock
• It was first created by Lu Ban about 2,000 years ago.
• Lu Ban used 6 pieces of 2 to make a lock-like toy for his son.
• It uses maths knowledge such as solid geometry.
• It is 3 to put the six pieces back together than to unlock it.
Huarong Pass
• It is made up of a few blocks, and every block has the 4 of a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
• Players win the game by 5 the blocks to set “Cao Cao” free.
• It can test players' maths knowledge like geometric area.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
答案
1. Folk
2. wood
3. harder
4. name
5. moving
2. wood
3. harder
4. name
5. moving
解析
【分析】
本题为任务型阅读题，需结合原文内容定位关键信息，根据语法规则和语境填写合适的单词。解题思路是先通读全文，明确每个空格对应的段落，再精准定位原文相关语句，提取匹配的词汇并调整形式（如比较级、动名词等）完成填空。
【解析】
1. 空1：原文第一段提到“China has many folk games filled with maths wisdom”，结合标题“Two Ancient Chinese ______ Toys”，此处需用形容词修饰toys，对应folk games，故填folk。
2. 空2：原文Luban Lock部分明确“Lu used six wooden pieces to make a toy”，wooden pieces意为“木块”，此处需名词作定语，故填wood。
3. 空3：原文Luban Lock部分指出“it is usually easier to unlock a Luban Lock than to put it back together”，即“解锁比装回更容易”，反之“装回比解锁更难”，需用比较级，故填harder。
4. 空4：原文Huarong Pass部分说明“Every block is named after a character in the book...”，即每个积木以三国人物命名，此处需名词，对应name，故填name。
5. 空5：原文Huarong Pass部分提到“players have to move the blocks to get ‘Cao Cao’ out”，by后接动名词表方式，故填moving。
【答案】
1. Folk
2. wood
3. harder
4. name
5. moving
【知识点】
任务型阅读、信息提取、词汇运用
【点评】
本题围绕中国传统益智游戏展开，考查学生快速定位原文信息并准确运用词汇的能力，难度适中，需注意比较级、动名词等形式的正确使用。
【难度系数】
0.6
本题为任务型阅读题，需结合原文内容定位关键信息，根据语法规则和语境填写合适的单词。解题思路是先通读全文，明确每个空格对应的段落，再精准定位原文相关语句，提取匹配的词汇并调整形式（如比较级、动名词等）完成填空。
【解析】
1. 空1：原文第一段提到“China has many folk games filled with maths wisdom”，结合标题“Two Ancient Chinese ______ Toys”，此处需用形容词修饰toys，对应folk games，故填folk。
2. 空2：原文Luban Lock部分明确“Lu used six wooden pieces to make a toy”，wooden pieces意为“木块”，此处需名词作定语，故填wood。
3. 空3：原文Luban Lock部分指出“it is usually easier to unlock a Luban Lock than to put it back together”，即“解锁比装回更容易”，反之“装回比解锁更难”，需用比较级，故填harder。
4. 空4：原文Huarong Pass部分说明“Every block is named after a character in the book...”，即每个积木以三国人物命名，此处需名词，对应name，故填name。
5. 空5：原文Huarong Pass部分提到“players have to move the blocks to get ‘Cao Cao’ out”，by后接动名词表方式，故填moving。
【答案】
1. Folk
2. wood
3. harder
4. name
5. moving
【知识点】
任务型阅读、信息提取、词汇运用
【点评】
本题围绕中国传统益智游戏展开，考查学生快速定位原文信息并准确运用词汇的能力，难度适中，需注意比较级、动名词等形式的正确使用。
【难度系数】
0.6
B(2025·泰州市靖江期末)
新素养 理性思维 Lab-grown(实验室培育) meat is made by taking a small sample of cells(细胞样本) from a living animal. These cells are then grown in a lab and shaped into cuts of meat. The sale of this meat is OK in some countries, like the US, Singapore and Israel. Some people like it, while others are not sure. What do you think? Would you eat it?
Yes! Some people think it's cruel(残忍的) to kill animals for food, and many farm animals are not treated well. This is not a problem for lab-grown meat. Also, the meat is safer to eat because it is made in a clean lab and has a smaller chance of harmful bacteria(细菌) spreading. What's more, lab-grown meat is better for the environment. Farm animals cause about 14.5 per cent of the world's greenhouse gas emissions. When animals like cows eat and digest(消化) food, they release methane gas(释放甲烷气体). Animal waste also releases greenhouse gases when it breaks down. These gases trap heat in the earth's atmosphere and make the planet warmer. Lab-grown meat can help cut down this pollution.
Amy
No! Lab-grown meat is new and not many people have eaten it yet. We don't know what the long-term influences will be. Besides, it might not be good for the climate. As some people say, a study from the University of Oxford found that, in the long run, lab-grown meat might not be better for the environment than farm animals. This is because growing the meat on a large scale(规模) uses a lot of energy. Lastly, lab-grown meat could harm farmers. If lab-grown meat becomes very popular, many farmers may have a hard time selling their farm animals.
In short, lab-grown meat has good and bad points. It's good for animals and the environment. But there are still things we are not sure about. Maybe if we keep looking into it, we can solve its problems. Then it could be another everyday food that we all enjoy, doing no harm to animals or the environment.
Would you eat lab-grown meat?
| Introduction | It comes from taking a small sample of cells from a living animal and growing them in a lab. Some countries 1 its sale. But people have mixed feelings. |
| --- | --- |
| 2 about lab-grown meat | Sam is for it | ★ Good for farm animals
It can 3 killing animals for food. Also, it can stop farm animals from receiving bad treatment.
★ Good for 4
The clean lab where the meat is made makes it safer. As a result, there is less risk of the 5 of harmful bacteria.
★ Good for the environment
Greenhouse gases keep heat in the air around the earth and make it hotter. Lab-grown meat can help 6 the pollution. |
| | Amy is against it | ★ Uncertain safety
Lab-grown meat is new. Since 7 people have tried it, we are not sure whether it is safe in the long run.
★ Climate doubts
Plenty of 8 is needed to produce a lot of lab-grown meat.
★ Farmers' problems
Farmers may find it 9 to sell their animals if lab-grown meat becomes very popular. |
| Conclusion | We still have doubts about lab-grown meat. If we learn more, it could be a safe food we all eat 10 harming animals or nature. |
1.
6.
23-2
新素养 理性思维 Lab-grown(实验室培育) meat is made by taking a small sample of cells(细胞样本) from a living animal. These cells are then grown in a lab and shaped into cuts of meat. The sale of this meat is OK in some countries, like the US, Singapore and Israel. Some people like it, while others are not sure. What do you think? Would you eat it?
Yes! Some people think it's cruel(残忍的) to kill animals for food, and many farm animals are not treated well. This is not a problem for lab-grown meat. Also, the meat is safer to eat because it is made in a clean lab and has a smaller chance of harmful bacteria(细菌) spreading. What's more, lab-grown meat is better for the environment. Farm animals cause about 14.5 per cent of the world's greenhouse gas emissions. When animals like cows eat and digest(消化) food, they release methane gas(释放甲烷气体). Animal waste also releases greenhouse gases when it breaks down. These gases trap heat in the earth's atmosphere and make the planet warmer. Lab-grown meat can help cut down this pollution.
Amy
No! Lab-grown meat is new and not many people have eaten it yet. We don't know what the long-term influences will be. Besides, it might not be good for the climate. As some people say, a study from the University of Oxford found that, in the long run, lab-grown meat might not be better for the environment than farm animals. This is because growing the meat on a large scale(规模) uses a lot of energy. Lastly, lab-grown meat could harm farmers. If lab-grown meat becomes very popular, many farmers may have a hard time selling their farm animals.
In short, lab-grown meat has good and bad points. It's good for animals and the environment. But there are still things we are not sure about. Maybe if we keep looking into it, we can solve its problems. Then it could be another everyday food that we all enjoy, doing no harm to animals or the environment.
Would you eat lab-grown meat?
| Introduction | It comes from taking a small sample of cells from a living animal and growing them in a lab. Some countries 1 its sale. But people have mixed feelings. |
| --- | --- |
| 2 about lab-grown meat | Sam is for it | ★ Good for farm animals
It can 3 killing animals for food. Also, it can stop farm animals from receiving bad treatment.
★ Good for 4
The clean lab where the meat is made makes it safer. As a result, there is less risk of the 5 of harmful bacteria.
★ Good for the environment
Greenhouse gases keep heat in the air around the earth and make it hotter. Lab-grown meat can help 6 the pollution. |
| | Amy is against it | ★ Uncertain safety
Lab-grown meat is new. Since 7 people have tried it, we are not sure whether it is safe in the long run.
★ Climate doubts
Plenty of 8 is needed to produce a lot of lab-grown meat.
★ Farmers' problems
Farmers may find it 9 to sell their animals if lab-grown meat becomes very popular. |
| Conclusion | We still have doubts about lab-grown meat. If we learn more, it could be a safe food we all eat 10 harming animals or nature. |
1.
allow
2. Opinions
3. avoid
4. health
5. spread
6.
reduce
7. few
8. energy
9. hard/difficult
10. without
23-2
答案
1. allow
2. Opinions
3. avoid
4. health
5. spread
6. reduce
7. few
8. energy
9. hard/difficult
10. without
2. Opinions
3. avoid
4. health
5. spread
6. reduce
7. few
8. energy
9. hard/difficult
10. without
解析
【解析】
1. 根据原文第一段"The sale of this meat is OK in some countries, like the US, Singapore and Israel."，可知部分国家允许这类肉的销售，对应填allow。
2. 表格后续分别列出支持和反对实验室培育肉的不同看法，对应填Opinions。
3. 根据原文第二段"Some people think it's cruel to kill animals for food, and many farm animals are not treated well. This is not a problem for lab-grown meat."，可知实验室培育肉可以避免为获取食物宰杀动物，对应填avoid。
4. 根据第二段"Also, the meat is safer to eat because it is made in a clean lab"，可知这部分对应的是对健康的益处，对应填health。
5. 根据第二段"has a smaller chance of harmful bacteria spreading"，可知有害细菌传播的风险更低，对应填spread。
6. 根据第二段"Lab-grown meat can help cut down this pollution."，cut down同义替换为reduce，对应填reduce。
7. 根据第三段"Lab-grown meat is new and not many people have eaten it yet."，not many同义替换为few，对应填few。
8. 根据第三段"This is because growing the meat on a large scale uses a lot of energy."，可知大规模生产这类肉需要大量能源，对应填energy。
9. 根据第三段"many farmers may have a hard time selling their farm animals"，have a hard time即find it hard/difficult to do sth.，对应填hard/difficult。
10. 根据最后一段"doing no harm to animals or the environment"，do no harm同义替换为without harming，对应填without。
【答案】
1. allow
2. Opinions
3. avoid
4. health
5. spread
6. reduce
7. few
8. energy
9. hard/difficult
10. without
【知识点】
阅读填空；原文信息定位；同义短语转换
【点评】
本题属于阅读理解类的任务型填空，需要学生准确定位原文对应信息，同时掌握同义表达的转换，整体考查学生的文本信息提取和词汇运用能力，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.7
1. 根据原文第一段"The sale of this meat is OK in some countries, like the US, Singapore and Israel."，可知部分国家允许这类肉的销售，对应填allow。
2. 表格后续分别列出支持和反对实验室培育肉的不同看法，对应填Opinions。
3. 根据原文第二段"Some people think it's cruel to kill animals for food, and many farm animals are not treated well. This is not a problem for lab-grown meat."，可知实验室培育肉可以避免为获取食物宰杀动物，对应填avoid。
4. 根据第二段"Also, the meat is safer to eat because it is made in a clean lab"，可知这部分对应的是对健康的益处，对应填health。
5. 根据第二段"has a smaller chance of harmful bacteria spreading"，可知有害细菌传播的风险更低，对应填spread。
6. 根据第二段"Lab-grown meat can help cut down this pollution."，cut down同义替换为reduce，对应填reduce。
7. 根据第三段"Lab-grown meat is new and not many people have eaten it yet."，not many同义替换为few，对应填few。
8. 根据第三段"This is because growing the meat on a large scale uses a lot of energy."，可知大规模生产这类肉需要大量能源，对应填energy。
9. 根据第三段"many farmers may have a hard time selling their farm animals"，have a hard time即find it hard/difficult to do sth.，对应填hard/difficult。
10. 根据最后一段"doing no harm to animals or the environment"，do no harm同义替换为without harming，对应填without。
【答案】
1. allow
2. Opinions
3. avoid
4. health
5. spread
6. reduce
7. few
8. energy
9. hard/difficult
10. without
【知识点】
阅读填空；原文信息定位；同义短语转换
【点评】
本题属于阅读理解类的任务型填空，需要学生准确定位原文对应信息，同时掌握同义表达的转换，整体考查学生的文本信息提取和词汇运用能力，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.7
C(2025·南京市建邺区期末)
Lots of people enjoy watching sports games in the world. But first of all, you need to know about audience manners.
Actually, most sporting arenas(竞技场) have rules for the audience written on the back of the tickets. Read your ticket carefully before your arrival. Try to reach your seat half an hour before the start of the event.
When the games begin, try to control yourself. Don't say bad words about the players and coaches' performance. Be careful with your words because some of them may make others angry.
Clapping is a special body language you can use to communicate with players, but you should do it properly. When players first appear, clap your hands together to welcome them, but don't go on for too long.
After an excellent performance, clap warmly. If someone fails, your clapping will help them feel better. Clapping is not welcome, however, while players need to keep their attention.
Different sports have different rules for the audience. Enjoy artistic gymnastics in silence. But lots of cheering can really help basketball and football players. When you watch table tennis games, you can't use your flash photography. Don't use mobile phones in shooting centres either.
To be a better audience, you should spare time to learn about the rules and the culture of each event.
| Topic | Ways to 1 your audience manners |
| --- | --- |
| Time | Before the game | * Read the rules on the back of your ticket carefully before you 2.
Reach your seat 30 minutes before the starting time of the event. |
| | During the game | * Pay attention to 3 you say, which may cause anger among other people in the audience.
Clapping | * Don't clap your hands for too long when 4 the players.
Clap warmly if players perform well.
Clap your hands to cheer the players if they 5.
6. clapping your hands when players are keeping their attention. |
| | | Rules for different games | Artistic gymnastics | Keep quiet. |
| | | | Basketball and football | 7 loudly. |
| | | | Table tennis | Don't use the flash. |
| | | | Shooting centres | Mobile phones are not 8. |
| Conclusion | An audience needs to spend time learning about rules for each event. |
| Further thinking | * Do you think audience manners are important while watching sports games? Why or why not?
9
Please list at least one sports game you know.
10 |
1.
6.
Lots of people enjoy watching sports games in the world. But first of all, you need to know about audience manners.
Actually, most sporting arenas(竞技场) have rules for the audience written on the back of the tickets. Read your ticket carefully before your arrival. Try to reach your seat half an hour before the start of the event.
When the games begin, try to control yourself. Don't say bad words about the players and coaches' performance. Be careful with your words because some of them may make others angry.
Clapping is a special body language you can use to communicate with players, but you should do it properly. When players first appear, clap your hands together to welcome them, but don't go on for too long.
After an excellent performance, clap warmly. If someone fails, your clapping will help them feel better. Clapping is not welcome, however, while players need to keep their attention.
Different sports have different rules for the audience. Enjoy artistic gymnastics in silence. But lots of cheering can really help basketball and football players. When you watch table tennis games, you can't use your flash photography. Don't use mobile phones in shooting centres either.
To be a better audience, you should spare time to learn about the rules and the culture of each event.
| Topic | Ways to 1 your audience manners |
| --- | --- |
| Time | Before the game | * Read the rules on the back of your ticket carefully before you 2.
Reach your seat 30 minutes before the starting time of the event. |
| | During the game | * Pay attention to 3 you say, which may cause anger among other people in the audience.
Clapping | * Don't clap your hands for too long when 4 the players.
Clap warmly if players perform well.
Clap your hands to cheer the players if they 5.
6. clapping your hands when players are keeping their attention. |
| | | Rules for different games | Artistic gymnastics | Keep quiet. |
| | | | Basketball and football | 7 loudly. |
| | | | Table tennis | Don't use the flash. |
| | | | Shooting centres | Mobile phones are not 8. |
| Conclusion | An audience needs to spend time learning about rules for each event. |
| Further thinking | * Do you think audience manners are important while watching sports games? Why or why not?
9
Please list at least one sports game you know.
10 |
1.
improve
2. arrive
3. what
4. welcoming
5. fail
6.
Avoid
7. Cheer
8. allowed
9. Yes. Because good audience manners can create a positive atmosphere for the game, show respect for players and coaches, and make the watching experience better for everyone.（答案不唯一，言之有理即可）
10. The Olympic Games.（答案不唯一，言之有理即可）
答案
1. improve
2. arrive
3. what
4. welcoming
5. fail
6. Avoid
7. Cheer
8. allowed
9. Yes. Because good audience manners can create a positive atmosphere for the game, show respect for players and coaches, and make the watching experience better for everyone.（答案不唯一，言之有理即可）
10. The Olympic Games.（答案不唯一，言之有理即可）
2. arrive
3. what
4. welcoming
5. fail
6. Avoid
7. Cheer
8. allowed
9. Yes. Because good audience manners can create a positive atmosphere for the game, show respect for players and coaches, and make the watching experience better for everyone.（答案不唯一，言之有理即可）
10. The Olympic Games.（答案不唯一，言之有理即可）
解析
【解析】
1. 通读全文可知文章介绍的是提升观赛礼仪的方法，to后接动词原形，填improve。
2. 根据原文"Read your ticket carefully before your arrival"，转换为before引导的时间状语从句，主语为you，填动词arrive。
3. 此处作pay attention to的宾语，指代所说的内容，填连接代词what。
4. 根据原文"When players first appear, clap your hands together to welcome them"，此处when后接现在分词作状语，填welcoming。
5. 根据原文"If someone fails, your clapping will help them feel better"，主语为they，时态为一般现在时，填fail。
6. 根据原文"Clapping is not welcome, however, while players need to keep their attention"，此处为祈使句，表达避免做某事，填Avoid。
7. 根据原文"lots of cheering can really help basketball and football players"，此处为祈使句，填动词原形Cheer。
8. 根据原文"Don't use mobile phones in shooting centres either"，转换为被动语态，表示手机不被允许使用，填allowed。
9. 结合文章主旨作答，言之有理即可，示例：Yes. Because good audience manners can create a positive atmosphere for the game, show respect for players and coaches, and make the watching experience better for everyone.
10. 列举任意一项体育运动即可，示例：The Olympic Games.
【答案】
1. improve
2. arrive
3. what
4. welcoming
5. fail
6. Avoid
7. Cheer
8. allowed
9. Yes. Because good audience manners can create a positive atmosphere for the game, show respect for players and coaches, and make the watching experience better for everyone.（答案不唯一，言之有理即可）
10. The Olympic Games.（答案不唯一，言之有理即可）
【知识点】
阅读填空；词形转换；信息归纳
【点评】
本题属于任务型阅读的信息填空题型，需要学生定位原文对应内容，结合表格句式结构转换词形完成填空，最后两空为开放性作答，既考查学生的文本信息提取能力，也考察语言表达的灵活度，整体贴合初中英语阅读题型的考察要求。
【难度系数】
0.7
1. 通读全文可知文章介绍的是提升观赛礼仪的方法，to后接动词原形，填improve。
2. 根据原文"Read your ticket carefully before your arrival"，转换为before引导的时间状语从句，主语为you，填动词arrive。
3. 此处作pay attention to的宾语，指代所说的内容，填连接代词what。
4. 根据原文"When players first appear, clap your hands together to welcome them"，此处when后接现在分词作状语，填welcoming。
5. 根据原文"If someone fails, your clapping will help them feel better"，主语为they，时态为一般现在时，填fail。
6. 根据原文"Clapping is not welcome, however, while players need to keep their attention"，此处为祈使句，表达避免做某事，填Avoid。
7. 根据原文"lots of cheering can really help basketball and football players"，此处为祈使句，填动词原形Cheer。
8. 根据原文"Don't use mobile phones in shooting centres either"，转换为被动语态，表示手机不被允许使用，填allowed。
9. 结合文章主旨作答，言之有理即可，示例：Yes. Because good audience manners can create a positive atmosphere for the game, show respect for players and coaches, and make the watching experience better for everyone.
10. 列举任意一项体育运动即可，示例：The Olympic Games.
【答案】
1. improve
2. arrive
3. what
4. welcoming
5. fail
6. Avoid
7. Cheer
8. allowed
9. Yes. Because good audience manners can create a positive atmosphere for the game, show respect for players and coaches, and make the watching experience better for everyone.（答案不唯一，言之有理即可）
10. The Olympic Games.（答案不唯一，言之有理即可）
【知识点】
阅读填空；词形转换；信息归纳
【点评】
本题属于任务型阅读的信息填空题型，需要学生定位原文对应内容，结合表格句式结构转换词形完成填空，最后两空为开放性作答，既考查学生的文本信息提取能力，也考察语言表达的灵活度，整体贴合初中英语阅读题型的考察要求。
【难度系数】
0.7
