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For those whose hearts often go off beat, pacemakers(心脏起搏器) are life savers. By providing a small electrical support at the right moment, they can keep a heart working properly.
Their main problem is that they use batteries. Even the best of them will run out of energy, and changing the batteries requires operations. Since operations are usually best avoided, the search has been on for long-lasting batteries. Different choices have been explored for a long time. Today, pacemakers with lithium(锂) batteries last between 5 and 15 years.
Zhang Hao, from Shanghai Second Military Medical University, and Yang Bin, from Shanghai Jiao Tong University, tried a way to refill a pacemaker's battery with electricity(电) by getting energy from inside the body. They reported in the magazine ACS Nano that they have also used the heart muscle(肌肉) itself to work. Earlier efforts by other scientists to use heart muscle power to run pacemakers depend on piezoelectric materials(压电材料). These materials can be connected to a beating heart and produce electricity when they are slightly deformed(变形). This has worked, but not well enough: the output(输出功率) has rarely been over 5 microwatts(微瓦), while most pacemakers require at least ten.
Dr Zhang and Dr Yang believed that they could improve the matters by making their piezoelectric materials more dramatically deformed, and then produce 15 microwatts, because the more deformed, the more electricity will be produced. They put their idea to the test in a 50-kilogram pig. It made enough electricity for the pacemaker to work as expected.
Whether such an idea will pass human tests remains to be seen. But if it does, the days of pacemakers that need battery changes through operations may not last long.
()1. According to the first two paragraphs, what is a problem with pacemakers?
A. They often go off beat.
B. Their energy can be used up.
C. Operations often influence them.
D. They sometimes do harm to hearts.
()2. From this passage, what do we know about piezoelectric materials?
A. They can be used to produce electricity.
B. They can deform the heart to make it beat faster.
C. They were first used by Zhang Hao and Yang Bin.
D. They were proved to produce 15 microwatts in human tests.
()3. What does the underlined word "dramatically" in the 4th paragraph most probably mean?
A. Comfortably.
B. Safely.
C. Greatly.
D. Rapidly.
()4. What is the best title for this article?
A. No need to use pacemakers
B. The problem with piezoelectric materials
C. The contribution of Chinese scientists to heart operations
D. Chinese scientists found a new way to improve pacemakers
Their main problem is that they use batteries. Even the best of them will run out of energy, and changing the batteries requires operations. Since operations are usually best avoided, the search has been on for long-lasting batteries. Different choices have been explored for a long time. Today, pacemakers with lithium(锂) batteries last between 5 and 15 years.
Zhang Hao, from Shanghai Second Military Medical University, and Yang Bin, from Shanghai Jiao Tong University, tried a way to refill a pacemaker's battery with electricity(电) by getting energy from inside the body. They reported in the magazine ACS Nano that they have also used the heart muscle(肌肉) itself to work. Earlier efforts by other scientists to use heart muscle power to run pacemakers depend on piezoelectric materials(压电材料). These materials can be connected to a beating heart and produce electricity when they are slightly deformed(变形). This has worked, but not well enough: the output(输出功率) has rarely been over 5 microwatts(微瓦), while most pacemakers require at least ten.
Dr Zhang and Dr Yang believed that they could improve the matters by making their piezoelectric materials more dramatically deformed, and then produce 15 microwatts, because the more deformed, the more electricity will be produced. They put their idea to the test in a 50-kilogram pig. It made enough electricity for the pacemaker to work as expected.
Whether such an idea will pass human tests remains to be seen. But if it does, the days of pacemakers that need battery changes through operations may not last long.
()1. According to the first two paragraphs, what is a problem with pacemakers?
A. They often go off beat.
B. Their energy can be used up.
C. Operations often influence them.
D. They sometimes do harm to hearts.
()2. From this passage, what do we know about piezoelectric materials?
A. They can be used to produce electricity.
B. They can deform the heart to make it beat faster.
C. They were first used by Zhang Hao and Yang Bin.
D. They were proved to produce 15 microwatts in human tests.
()3. What does the underlined word "dramatically" in the 4th paragraph most probably mean?
A. Comfortably.
B. Safely.
C. Greatly.
D. Rapidly.
()4. What is the best title for this article?
A. No need to use pacemakers
B. The problem with piezoelectric materials
C. The contribution of Chinese scientists to heart operations
D. Chinese scientists found a new way to improve pacemakers
答案
1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D
解析
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据第二段"Even the best of them will run out of energy, and changing the batteries requires operations"可知，心脏起搏器的问题是电量会耗尽，对应选项B。A选项心律不齐是心脏有问题的人群的特征，不是起搏器的问题；C选项更换电池需要手术并非手术影响起搏器；D选项文中未提及起搏器会伤害心脏，均排除。
2. 细节理解题：根据第三段"These materials can be connected to a beating heart and produce electricity when they are slightly deformed"可知压电材料可以用来发电，对应选项A。B选项文中未提及该材料能让心脏变形跳得更快；C选项压电材料是其他科学家更早尝试使用的，并非张浩和杨斌首次使用；D选项该技术还未通过人体测试，15微瓦的输出是在猪实验中实现的，均排除。
3. 词义猜测题：根据第四段"because the more deformed, the more electricity will be produced"，此前压电材料仅轻微变形输出功率不足，两位科学家想要提升发电量，需要让材料的变形程度大幅提升，因此dramatically的含义是Greatly（大大地、极大地），对应选项C。
4. 主旨大意题：本文先介绍传统心脏起搏器需要手术更换电池的痛点，引出中国科学家研发的利用人体自身心肌带动压电材料发电，无需频繁更换电池的新型方案，D选项最贴合全文内容。A选项完全不需要使用起搏器表述错误；B选项仅聚焦压电材料的问题，过于片面；C选项本文研究是针对起搏器供电，并非心脏手术，均排除。
【答案】
1. B
2. A
3. C
4. D
【知识点】
阅读理解细节查找
词义猜测
主旨大意归纳
【点评】
本题是科普类阅读理解题，考点覆盖细节定位、词义推测和主旨概括，解题时需要精准对应原文内容排除干扰选项，避免脱离文本主观判断，整体难度适中，适合训练学生的信息提取能力。
【难度系数】
0.7
1. 细节理解题：根据第二段"Even the best of them will run out of energy, and changing the batteries requires operations"可知，心脏起搏器的问题是电量会耗尽，对应选项B。A选项心律不齐是心脏有问题的人群的特征，不是起搏器的问题；C选项更换电池需要手术并非手术影响起搏器；D选项文中未提及起搏器会伤害心脏，均排除。
2. 细节理解题：根据第三段"These materials can be connected to a beating heart and produce electricity when they are slightly deformed"可知压电材料可以用来发电，对应选项A。B选项文中未提及该材料能让心脏变形跳得更快；C选项压电材料是其他科学家更早尝试使用的，并非张浩和杨斌首次使用；D选项该技术还未通过人体测试，15微瓦的输出是在猪实验中实现的，均排除。
3. 词义猜测题：根据第四段"because the more deformed, the more electricity will be produced"，此前压电材料仅轻微变形输出功率不足，两位科学家想要提升发电量，需要让材料的变形程度大幅提升，因此dramatically的含义是Greatly（大大地、极大地），对应选项C。
4. 主旨大意题：本文先介绍传统心脏起搏器需要手术更换电池的痛点，引出中国科学家研发的利用人体自身心肌带动压电材料发电，无需频繁更换电池的新型方案，D选项最贴合全文内容。A选项完全不需要使用起搏器表述错误；B选项仅聚焦压电材料的问题，过于片面；C选项本文研究是针对起搏器供电，并非心脏手术，均排除。
【答案】
1. B
2. A
3. C
4. D
【知识点】
阅读理解细节查找
词义猜测
主旨大意归纳
【点评】
本题是科普类阅读理解题，考点覆盖细节定位、词义推测和主旨概括，解题时需要精准对应原文内容排除干扰选项，避免脱离文本主观判断，整体难度适中，适合训练学生的信息提取能力。
【难度系数】
0.7
