(五)(2024·南京模拟)

Many people say dolphins are intelligent. They seem to be able to think, understand, and learn things quickly. But are they 1. humans, or are they more like cats and dogs? Dolphins use their brains quite differently from the way people do. But 2. say dolphins and humans are alike in some ways. How?
Like humans, every dolphin has its 3. "name". The name is a special whistle. Each dolphin chooses a whistle for itself. Dolphins are like people in other ways, too. They use a system of sounds and body language to 4. .
Dolphins and humans are similar in another way: They 5. make plans for getting things they want. In the seas of southern Brazil, for example, dolphins help fishermen catch fish. As a result, they get to eat some fish that escape from the net.

1. as smart as 2. scientists 3. own 4. communicate 5. both

【分析】
这是一篇短文选词填空题，解题思路如下：第一步先通读全文，明确文章核心是介绍海豚和人类的共通相似点，同时梳理给出的5个备选内容：own、both、as smart as、communicate、scientist，刚好对应5个空缺，可结合语义和语法规则逐一匹配，最后用排除法验证所有词都合理使用。第二步逐个分析空缺的语法属性和语义需求，先判断每个空需要的词性/结构，再从备选里找符合的内容，全部填完后通读整段验证逻辑通顺即可。
【解析】
1. 第一空：前文提到海豚能快速思考、理解和学习，后文将海豚的智力水平和人类、猫狗作对比，此处需要表达“和人类一样聪明”的含义，填入as smart as，语义通顺：但它们和人类一样聪明吗，还是更像猫和狗？
2. 第二空：句子缺少发出“提出海豚和人类在部分方面相似”这一研究论断的主语，能做出相关专业判断的身份是科学家，此处表示泛指科学家这一群体，需要将单数scientist变为复数scientists，符合语境。
3. 第三空：固定搭配one's own sth.表示“某人自己的某物”，此处表达每只海豚都有属于自己的专属“名字”，填入own完全匹配搭配和语义要求。
4. 第四空：空前是不定式符号to，后面需要接动词原形，前文提到海豚使用声音和肢体语言的系统，对应的行为目的就是交流，因此填入动词communicate。
5. 第五空：前文指出海豚和人类在另一方面也相似，此处指代“海豚和人类两者都”会为自己想要的东西制定计划，不定代词both表示“两者都”，完全符合语境。
【答案】
1. as smart as 2. scientists 3. own 4. communicate 5. both
【知识点】
as...as同级比较，动词不定式，代词both用法
【点评】
本题属于基础类短文选词填空题，重点考察学生对上下文语义的梳理能力，以及对初中阶段核心词汇、固定搭配的掌握程度，仅需要注意第二空的名词泛指要变为复数的细节，整体逻辑清晰，结合上下文对应词性就能顺利完成作答。
【难度系数】
0.7

(六)

There was once a tree. It was the biggest tree in the forest. It was tall and strong. Next to it was a small herb(小草). One day, the big tree said, "I grow well. No one can beat me." But the herb replied, "Dear friend, you shouldn't be so proud. Even the strongest tree will fall down one day." But the tree didn't listen to the herb and it continued to praise itself. One night, a strong wind blew. It was so strong that almost everything was 1. in the air. But the tree stood straight. Then the rain came. It rained 2. . However, the tree was still there. At the same time, the herb fell down against the ground. Seeing this, the tree began to 3. the herb.
Another day, there was a storm in the forest. The storm kept growing stronger and the tree finally fell down.
When the storm stopped and everything was 4. . The herb stood straight. It looked and found the 5. tree. Then the herb said, "Now you know what I told you is the truth."
We should realize that sometimes bowing down(弯腰) doesn't mean you are not strong enough. It's a way of protecting yourself.

1. blown 2. heavily 3. make fun of 4. in silence 5. fallen

【分析】
这是一篇寓言类选词填空题，解题思路如下：第一步先通读全文，了解故事大意：骄傲的大树嘲笑柔弱的小草，最终风暴来临时懂得弯腰的小草保全了自己，大树却被吹倒。第二步先梳理所有备选词汇的含义和可变形的形式：in silence（寂静）、fall（倒下）、blow（吹）、make fun of（嘲笑）、heavy（重的/猛烈的）。第三步逐空结合语境、语法规则选择合适的词并做正确变形：先判断每空所需的词性和语态要求，再匹配语义，最后代入全文验证逻辑通顺。
【解析】
1. 第一空：句子为被动语态结构（be+过去分词），句意为“狂风太强，几乎所有东西都被吹到空中”，备选动词blow意为“吹”，其过去分词形式为blown，填入后符合语义和语法要求。
2. 第二空：空格处需要副词修饰动词rained（下雨），备选形容词heavy的副词形式为heavily，rain heavily是固定常用搭配，意为“雨下得很大”，符合语境。
3. 第三空：固定结构begin to后接动词原形，结合前文大树骄傲自大，看到小草伏在地面的情节，短语make fun of意为“嘲笑、取笑”，完全符合大树此时的行为逻辑。
4. 第四空：句意为“风暴停止后，万物都归于寂静”，固定短语in silence意为“寂静、无声”，精准对应风暴过后的场景氛围。
5. 第五空：空格处需要定语修饰名词tree，结合前文大树被风暴吹倒的情节，动词fall的过去分词fallen可作形容词，意为“倒下的”，填入后语义通顺。
【答案】
1. blown 2. heavily 3. make fun of 4. in silence 5. fallen
【知识点】
被动语态，副词修饰动词，固定短语搭配
【点评】
本题通过趣味寓言故事考察初中英语核心词汇的应用能力，既需要学生准确理解全文语境逻辑，也要求学生熟练掌握词性转换、被动语态变形等语法规则，同时传递了“适当弯腰也是自我保护”的处世道理，兼顾知识性和思想性。
【难度系数】
0.7