六、阅读理解。
Governments around the world are pushing for an end to plastic straws(吸管)and bags. More and more businesses are changing to paper products. Using paper is considered to be better than plastic. However，*it* is harmful to the environment too.
Firstly，paper bags and straws are made from trees. Trees，as you know，are good for the environment. They can slow down climate change. An increase in the use of paper bags can cause more deforestation.
Secondly，the production of paper things requires more energy and water. About 10 percent more energy and four times as much water are used to produce a paper bag than a plastic one. You might say that we can use recycled paper to save that energy and water. This seems to be a good idea. However，it takes even more energy and water to go through the recycling process(过程)than to make a new paper bag. Products made from recycled paper are also often short-lived.
Furthermore，paper products are heavier than plastic ones. That means they require more fuel to transport. Seven trucks are needed to transport two million paper bags，while only one truck is needed to transport the same number of plastic bags. The increased weight also leads to a larger amount of waste once the bags are thrown away.
Paper products are actually a lose-lose for both the environment and businesses. They are more expensive than plastic products. A paper straw costs about 5 to 12 cents，while a plastic one usually costs only about 2 cents.
The most environment-friendly way is to avoid single-use things altogether. Products like glass water bottles and steel straws can be used over and over again. They are much better than either paper products or plastic products. By increasing the use of these items，you can greatly reduce your throwaway waste and truly make our earth a greener place!
()1. What does the underlined word “*it*” in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A. Using plastic straws.
B. Using plastic bags.
C. Using paper products.
D. Using single-use things.
()2. What does the writer think of the recycled paper?
A. It saves energy and water.
B. It seems not to be a good idea.
C. It is better than single-use paper.
D. It's easy to make by recycling process.
()3. What is the writer's main purpose of writing this passage?
A. To compare paper products with plastic products.
B. To introduce the disadvantages of paper products.
C. To explain why paper products are bad for the environment.
D. To call on using products in an environment-friendly way.
()4. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

A.
B.
C.
D.

1.C 2.B 3.D 4.A

【分析】
我们逐题梳理解题思路：
1. 代词指代题：首先定位划线词it所在的第一段，往前找指代对象，前文刚提到“使用纸质产品被认为比塑料更好，然而它也对环境有害”，顺着逻辑就能确定it的指代内容。
2. 细节理解题：定位题干关键词recycled paper到第三段，找到作者对再生纸的评价，注意转折词however之后的内容才是作者的真实观点，不要被前面的大众观点误导。
3. 主旨目的题：不能只看文章中间介绍纸制品缺点的部分，要结合首尾段，文章最后给出了作者倡导的环保方案，说明写作目的不只是介绍纸的缺点，而是呼吁大家用更环保的方式。
4. 篇章结构题：先拆分全文段落的功能：第1段是总起引出核心观点，第2、3、4段是三个并列的分论点分别论证纸制品的不同弊端，第5段承接前面三个分论点，总结纸制品对环境和商家都不利，第6段收尾给出最终的环保解决方向，匹配对应结构图即可。
【解析】
1. 定位第一段内容：“Using paper is considered to be better than plastic. However，it is harmful to the environment too.”，转折逻辑指代的是前文提到的“使用纸质产品”这件事，答案选C。
2. 定位第三段关于再生纸的描述：“You might say that we can use recycled paper to save that energy and water. This seems to be a good idea. However，it takes even more energy and water to go through the recycling process than to make a new paper bag.”，说明作者认为使用再生纸并不是好的方案，答案选B。
3. 文章先纠正大众“纸制品完全环保”的错误认知，列举纸制品的多项弊端，最终引出要使用可重复利用物品的倡议，核心写作目的是呼吁大家采用真正环保的消费和使用方式，A、B、C都是文章的局部内容，不是最终目的，答案选D。
4. 拆分全文逻辑结构：第1段（P1）总起提出纸制品也会危害环境；第2、3、4段（P2、P3、P4）三个并列段落分别从毁林、生产耗能耗水、运输高排放三个角度论证纸制品的危害；第5段（P5）承接前文三个分论点，总结纸制品对环境和商家是双输局面；第6段（P6）收尾给出环保解决方案，完全匹配选项A的结构，答案选A。
【答案】
1.C 2.B 3.D 4.A
【知识点】
代词指代，细节定位，篇章结构梳理
【点评】
本题选材贴近生活，打破了学生“纸制品比塑料制品更环保”的固有常识，考点覆盖阅读理解核心的四类常考题型，既考查学生定位原文细节的能力，也要求学生跳出局部内容准确把握全文主旨和逻辑框架，能有效区分学生的阅读理解综合能力。
【难度系数】
0.65