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四、阅读理解。
主题群:自然生态 子主题:知识科普 语篇类型:说明文 难度:★★
[2025 镇江模拟]Snowflakes(雪花) begin inside the clouds. The snowflake crystals form within storm clouds high above the earth. There are many different cloud layers(层) in the upper air. You can see them floating freely, changing shape.
The air around our planet is always moving. The higher the air is from the earth, the colder it is. The higher the clouds are, the colder they are.
The highest, coldest cloud layers are often called ice clouds. Their real name is cirrus clouds(卷云). You can recognize cirrus clouds because they look like feathers, or scratches(划痕) on a piece of glass, or frost(霜) on a window.
Another kind of cloud looks like a fat puff of cotton. These clouds are called cumulus clouds(积云). Cumulus clouds sometimes are dark, because they are thick and block sunlight. When you see dark cumulus clouds in the sky, it means there is going to be a storm.
Snowflakes can form in clouds where the temperature is below freezing(冰点). Many snowflakes begin in cirrus clouds. But these flakes scarcely(几乎不) reach the ground. They fall a little way, and when they meet warmer air, they become water droplets and never reach the earth.
But when a snowflake forms in the lower cumulus clouds, and when the cloud and the air on the earth are cold enough, the flake will stay in the form of snow and fall to the ground. The gravity(引力) of the earth pulls the snowflake down, spinning and changing shape along the way.
1. Temperature is an important part in forming snowflakes. What detail(细节) supports this idea?
A. Snowflakes begin inside the clouds.
B. Snowflakes change shape as they fall.
C. Snowflakes form in cumulus clouds and become rain.
D. Snowflakes form in clouds where the temperature is below freezing.
2. What would happen if there were no gravity?
A. Nothing unusual would happen.
B. The clouds would not be able to form snowflakes.
C. The air would not be cold enough to form snowflakes.
D. We would not see snow because it would not fall to the earth.
3. Which question does the last paragraph answer?
A. How does a snowflake fall to the ground?
B. How cold does the ground need to be?
C. How long will snow stay on the ground?
D. How does a snowflake move in the sky?
4. What's the best title for the passage?
A. Importance of snowflakes
B. Where is snow from?
C. Importance of cirrus clouds
D. Why do snowflakes fall?
主题群:自然生态 子主题:知识科普 语篇类型:说明文 难度:★★
[2025 镇江模拟]Snowflakes(雪花) begin inside the clouds. The snowflake crystals form within storm clouds high above the earth. There are many different cloud layers(层) in the upper air. You can see them floating freely, changing shape.
The air around our planet is always moving. The higher the air is from the earth, the colder it is. The higher the clouds are, the colder they are.
The highest, coldest cloud layers are often called ice clouds. Their real name is cirrus clouds(卷云). You can recognize cirrus clouds because they look like feathers, or scratches(划痕) on a piece of glass, or frost(霜) on a window.
Another kind of cloud looks like a fat puff of cotton. These clouds are called cumulus clouds(积云). Cumulus clouds sometimes are dark, because they are thick and block sunlight. When you see dark cumulus clouds in the sky, it means there is going to be a storm.
Snowflakes can form in clouds where the temperature is below freezing(冰点). Many snowflakes begin in cirrus clouds. But these flakes scarcely(几乎不) reach the ground. They fall a little way, and when they meet warmer air, they become water droplets and never reach the earth.
But when a snowflake forms in the lower cumulus clouds, and when the cloud and the air on the earth are cold enough, the flake will stay in the form of snow and fall to the ground. The gravity(引力) of the earth pulls the snowflake down, spinning and changing shape along the way.
1. Temperature is an important part in forming snowflakes. What detail(细节) supports this idea?
A. Snowflakes begin inside the clouds.
B. Snowflakes change shape as they fall.
C. Snowflakes form in cumulus clouds and become rain.
D. Snowflakes form in clouds where the temperature is below freezing.
2. What would happen if there were no gravity?
A. Nothing unusual would happen.
B. The clouds would not be able to form snowflakes.
C. The air would not be cold enough to form snowflakes.
D. We would not see snow because it would not fall to the earth.
3. Which question does the last paragraph answer?
A. How does a snowflake fall to the ground?
B. How cold does the ground need to be?
C. How long will snow stay on the ground?
D. How does a snowflake move in the sky?
4. What's the best title for the passage?
A. Importance of snowflakes
B. Where is snow from?
C. Importance of cirrus clouds
D. Why do snowflakes fall?
答案
1. D
2. D 推理判断题。根据The gravity of the earth pulls the snowflake down可知，地球引力使雪花下落，若无引力，雪花不会落地，我们看不到雪。
3. A 推理判断题。根据“The gravity of the earth pulls the snowflake down, spinning and changing shape along the way.”可知，最后一段回答了雪花如何落到地面的问题。
4. B 标题概括题。全文围绕雪花的形成、不同云的特点及雪花降落的条件展开，核心是雪花从哪里来，B项最贴合。
2. D 推理判断题。根据The gravity of the earth pulls the snowflake down可知，地球引力使雪花下落，若无引力，雪花不会落地，我们看不到雪。
3. A 推理判断题。根据“The gravity of the earth pulls the snowflake down, spinning and changing shape along the way.”可知，最后一段回答了雪花如何落到地面的问题。
4. B 标题概括题。全文围绕雪花的形成、不同云的特点及雪花降落的条件展开，核心是雪花从哪里来，B项最贴合。
解析
【分析】
本题为自然生态主题的科普说明文阅读理解，共4道题，分别考查细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意。解题思路如下：
1. 第1题：需找到支持“温度是雪花形成重要部分”的细节，定位原文对应内容匹配选项。
2. 第2题：根据原文关于地球引力对雪花下落的作用，推理无引力的结果。
3. 第3题：分析最后一段核心阐述内容，明确其回答的问题匹配选项。
4. 第4题：梳理全文核心内容，概括主旨确定最佳标题。
【解析】
1. 第1题：细节理解题。原文第五段明确指出“Snowflakes can form in clouds where the temperature is below freezing”，直接说明温度是雪花形成的关键，对应选项D。A项仅讲雪花形成位置，B项讲雪花下落变化，C项表述错误，均不符合题意。
2. 第2题：推理判断题。原文最后一段提到“The gravity of the earth pulls the snowflake down”，可知地球引力使雪花落地，若无引力，雪花无法落地，人们看不到雪，对应选项D。
3. 第3题：推理判断题。最后一段围绕雪花在积云形成后，受地球引力拉着下落的过程展开，回答了“雪花如何落到地面”的问题，对应选项A。
4. 第4题：主旨大意题。全文围绕雪花的形成（卷云、积云特点）、形成条件及降落过程展开，核心是说明雪的来源，选项B最贴合主旨。A项“雪花的重要性”未提及，C项“卷云的重要性”仅为局部内容，D项“雪花为何下落”是局部内容，均不全面。
【答案】
1.D 2.D 3.A 4.B
【知识点】
阅读理解、细节理解、推理判断
【点评】
本文为自然生态主题的科普说明文，语篇结构清晰，题目设置涵盖细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意，考查学生对语篇信息的提取、逻辑推理及主旨概括能力，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
本题为自然生态主题的科普说明文阅读理解，共4道题，分别考查细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意。解题思路如下：
1. 第1题：需找到支持“温度是雪花形成重要部分”的细节，定位原文对应内容匹配选项。
2. 第2题：根据原文关于地球引力对雪花下落的作用，推理无引力的结果。
3. 第3题：分析最后一段核心阐述内容，明确其回答的问题匹配选项。
4. 第4题：梳理全文核心内容，概括主旨确定最佳标题。
【解析】
1. 第1题：细节理解题。原文第五段明确指出“Snowflakes can form in clouds where the temperature is below freezing”，直接说明温度是雪花形成的关键，对应选项D。A项仅讲雪花形成位置，B项讲雪花下落变化，C项表述错误，均不符合题意。
2. 第2题：推理判断题。原文最后一段提到“The gravity of the earth pulls the snowflake down”，可知地球引力使雪花落地，若无引力，雪花无法落地，人们看不到雪，对应选项D。
3. 第3题：推理判断题。最后一段围绕雪花在积云形成后，受地球引力拉着下落的过程展开，回答了“雪花如何落到地面”的问题，对应选项A。
4. 第4题：主旨大意题。全文围绕雪花的形成（卷云、积云特点）、形成条件及降落过程展开，核心是说明雪的来源，选项B最贴合主旨。A项“雪花的重要性”未提及，C项“卷云的重要性”仅为局部内容，D项“雪花为何下落”是局部内容，均不全面。
【答案】
1.D 2.D 3.A 4.B
【知识点】
阅读理解、细节理解、推理判断
【点评】
本文为自然生态主题的科普说明文，语篇结构清晰，题目设置涵盖细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意，考查学生对语篇信息的提取、逻辑推理及主旨概括能力，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
