五、写作（共三节，满分30分）
第一节 用方框中的词语完成短文（每小题1分，共5分）
outstanding, belief, With this in mind, ordinary, was considered to be
In 1833, Ada Byron, later known as Ada Lovelace, met the inventor Charles Babbage. Unlike 56. teenagers, she was talented in maths. When she saw his Difference Engine(差分机), she was really interested and wanted to know what it could do. 57. , she quickly found that the simple machine had huge hidden possibilities.
Ten years later, she showed her 58. talent. In addition to translating a French paper on Babbage’s advanced Analytical Engine, she made continuous efforts to add detailed notes, longer than the original text. She held the 59. that the machine was not just for maths. She created a method to calculate Bernoulli numbers, which 60. the world’s first computer algorithm. Though the engine was never built in her lifetime, her creative and far-sighted ideas laid the groundwork for modern computers.

56. ordinary 57. With this in mind 58. outstanding 59. belief 60. was considered to be

【分析】
本题为英语选词填空题，需先通读短文理解大意，再结合每个空格的词性要求、上下文语境及固定搭配，匹配方框内的词汇。具体思路：先分析每个空格所需的词性，再结合语境判断语义，最后对应方框中的词汇完成填空。
【解析】
56. 空格后为名词teenagers，需形容词修饰，方框中ordinary（普通的）符合“不像普通青少年，她有数学天赋”的语境，故填ordinary。
57. 空格前后为句子，需短语衔接逻辑，前文提到她想了解机器的功能，后文说她发现机器有巨大潜力，With this in mind（带着这个想法）符合上下文衔接，故填With this in mind。
58. 空格后为名词talent，需形容词修饰，方框中outstanding（杰出的）符合“她展现出杰出天赋”的语境，故填outstanding。
59. 固定搭配hold the belief that...（持有……的信念），方框中belief（信念）符合该搭配及“她认为机器不只是用于数学”的语境，故填belief。
60. 空格处为定语从句的谓语部分，先行词为method，需被动结构，方框中was considered to be（被认为是）符合“该方法被视为世界首个计算机算法”的语境，故填was considered to be。
【答案】
56. ordinary 57. With this in mind 58. outstanding 59. belief 60. was considered to be
【知识点】
英语选词填空、语境词义辨析、固定搭配
【点评】
本题考查基础英语词汇在语境中的运用，需结合词性、语义及固定搭配解题，注重对词汇基础用法和上下文逻辑的理解，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.5

第二节 阅读短文，回答问题（每小题2分，共10分）
Percy Spencer was a hard-working engineer at the Raytheon Company. He spent long days testing and improving radar parts called magnetrons (磁控管). To stay energetic during busy work, he always kept a chocolate bar in his pocket. One day in 1945, when testing a working magnetron, he felt a strange warmth in his pocket. He took out his chocolate and found it had completely melted and turned into sticky liquid.
“What on earth happened?” he whispered. “The lab is not hot at all. How did my
chocolate melt for no reason?”His workmates crowded around him and laughed at this funny accident. “Our lab is too warm for sweets!” one joked. Another advised him, “Just throw it away! It’s just a messy little accident.”
While everyone else paid little attention to the incident, Spencer kept thinking about it. He guessed the unseen microwaves from the magnetron had caused this unusual heat. To test his idea, he did simple but interesting experiments. He placed some corn grains near the magnetron. Soon, the corn popped into fluffy popcorn. Then he put a raw egg near it. The egg heated up so quickly that it suddenly exploded! Everyone was amazed. Spencer’s eyes lit up. “Microwaves can heat food quickly!” he cried out!
After the experiments, Spencer firmly believed that his guess was correct. Later, he led his team to design a safe machine for heating food in daily life. Finally, the world’s first microwave oven was born and soon became a popular household appliance all over the world!
61. What happened to Spencer’s chocolate bar during the test?

62. What did Spencer think of the chocolate bar event?

63. How did Spencer find out his guess was correct?

64. Why did Spencer’s eyes light up?

65. What key qualities of Spencer do you think led to the invention of the microwave oven?

61. It completely melted into sticky liquid. / It melted. 62. He thought it was strange / unusual but worth studying. / He didn’t think it was a simple accident. 63. By doing two experiments / tests. 64. Because he found microwaves could heat food quickly. 65. Spencer’s careful observation and curiosity led to the invention. Spencer noticed the unusual melted chocolate, kept thinking about it, and did further experiments to find out the truth.

【分析】做这类英语阅读理解题，需遵循以下步骤：1.先通读全文，把握文章主要内容（本文讲述了珀西·斯宾塞因巧克力融化的意外，通过探究发明微波炉的故事）；2.阅读每个小题，划出题干关键词（如61题的chocolate bar、test，62题的Spencer think of、event等）；3.带着关键词回到原文，定位对应段落或句子；4.对比原文内容，提取细节信息或合理推断答案；5.核对答案是否符合原文表述，确保准确。
【解析】
61. 定位原文第一段最后一句“He took out his chocolate and found it had completely melted and turned into sticky liquid.”，提取核心信息即可得到答案。
62. 定位原文第三段第一句“While everyone else paid little attention to the incident, Spencer kept thinking about it.”，结合上下文他的深入思考，可知他认为该事件不简单，值得研究。
63. 定位原文第三段“To test his idea, he did simple but interesting experiments. He placed some corn grains near the magnetron... Then he put a raw egg near it...”，可知他通过做实验验证猜想。
64. 定位原文第三段最后“Spencer’s eyes lit up. “Microwaves can heat food quickly!” he cried out!”，直接提取原因即可。
65. 结合全文，斯宾塞注意到巧克力融化的异常（观察力），不忽视意外并深入思考（好奇心、探究欲），还通过实验验证，这些品质促成了发明。
【答案】
61. It completely melted into sticky liquid. / It melted.
62. He thought it was strange / unusual but worth studying. / He didn’t think it was a simple accident.
63. By doing two experiments / tests.
64. Because he found microwaves could heat food quickly.
65. Spencer’s careful observation and curiosity led to the invention. Spencer noticed the unusual melted chocolate, kept thinking about it, and did further experiments to find out the truth.
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解、推理判断
【点评】
本题以微波炉发明的故事为阅读材料，题型为基础的阅读问答题，主要考查学生定位原文信息、理解人物态度与品质的能力，引导学生关注生活细节与探究精神，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.7