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四、任务型阅读(每小题 1.5 分,满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后的表格里填入最恰当的单词,每个空格只填一个单词。
(2025·镇江中考改编)Food waste is not just a problem at the dinner table, but a big problem all over the world. Serious losses of food, happen from farmers' fields to customers'(顾客的) fridges. What's worse, pollution and natural disasters may cause food shortage(短缺).
In developing countries, forty per cent of food waste happens during harvesting and processing(加工). Because of this, farmers making little money are trapped in a cycle of poverty. They are also short of rapid transportation and refrigeration(冷藏), so a large number of crops may go bad before they reach the market. Few farmers can afford industrial - sized fridges to keep their products in good condition.
Food waste is also discovered in developed countries. More than forty per cent of food waste happens during the process of selling and buying. Shockingly, this amount reaches near the yearly food production in some part of Africa. In many cases, the vegetables and fruit are thrown away because they look “ugly”, falling short of industry standards.
Polluting and destroying environment do harm to producing food. A few countries are reducing natural areas for growing food crops and raising livestock(牲畜). Most surprisingly, in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest, 800 million trees in the past six years have been cut down to make beef cattle farms. Also, fish farms still create a great deal of pollution as well as diseases. At present, it seems that food production doesn't reduce, but it may influence all the living things on the earth in the future.
Natural disasters like droughts and storms can destroy a whole year's crop for an unlucky farmer. Climate change will make such events that were thought of as “once in a hundred years” before happen more and more often. This means that we'll need more resources to produce the same amount of food.
Food waste is harmful to humans, as well as other life on the earth. It's not only the problem on customers' dinner table, but also an international problem that must be dealt with by the governments.
36.
41.
阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后的表格里填入最恰当的单词,每个空格只填一个单词。
(2025·镇江中考改编)Food waste is not just a problem at the dinner table, but a big problem all over the world. Serious losses of food, happen from farmers' fields to customers'(顾客的) fridges. What's worse, pollution and natural disasters may cause food shortage(短缺).
In developing countries, forty per cent of food waste happens during harvesting and processing(加工). Because of this, farmers making little money are trapped in a cycle of poverty. They are also short of rapid transportation and refrigeration(冷藏), so a large number of crops may go bad before they reach the market. Few farmers can afford industrial - sized fridges to keep their products in good condition.
Food waste is also discovered in developed countries. More than forty per cent of food waste happens during the process of selling and buying. Shockingly, this amount reaches near the yearly food production in some part of Africa. In many cases, the vegetables and fruit are thrown away because they look “ugly”, falling short of industry standards.
Polluting and destroying environment do harm to producing food. A few countries are reducing natural areas for growing food crops and raising livestock(牲畜). Most surprisingly, in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest, 800 million trees in the past six years have been cut down to make beef cattle farms. Also, fish farms still create a great deal of pollution as well as diseases. At present, it seems that food production doesn't reduce, but it may influence all the living things on the earth in the future.
Natural disasters like droughts and storms can destroy a whole year's crop for an unlucky farmer. Climate change will make such events that were thought of as “once in a hundred years” before happen more and more often. This means that we'll need more resources to produce the same amount of food.
Food waste is harmful to humans, as well as other life on the earth. It's not only the problem on customers' dinner table, but also an international problem that must be dealt with by the governments.
36.
seriously
37. Situations
38. poor
39. quickly
40. over
41.
unless
42. influences
43. reduced
44. century
45. both
答案
四、任务型阅读
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了食物浪费是全球性的大问题，介绍了不同国家食物浪费的情况、对食物生产的不良影响以及自然灾害等因素对食物的影响，强调食物浪费不仅是消费者的问题，还是需要政府解决的国际问题。
36. seriously 37. Situations/Facts 38. poor
39. quickly/fast 40. over 41. unless 42. influences
43. reduced 44. century 45. both
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了食物浪费是全球性的大问题，介绍了不同国家食物浪费的情况、对食物生产的不良影响以及自然灾害等因素对食物的影响，强调食物浪费不仅是消费者的问题，还是需要政府解决的国际问题。
36. seriously 37. Situations/Facts 38. poor
39. quickly/fast 40. over 41. unless 42. influences
43. reduced 44. century 45. both
解析
【分析】
解题时需先通读全文，把握文章主旨（食物浪费是全球性问题，涵盖不同国家的浪费情况、对食物生产的影响等），再结合表格的板块划分，逐一在原文中定位对应信息，根据句子语法结构、词性要求及同义转换规则填写单词，每个空仅填一个单词。具体思路：
1. 针对表格每个板块的提示，锁定原文对应段落；
2. 提取关键信息后，根据空格处的语法需求（如词性转换、被动语态、同义短语替换等）调整单词形式；
3. 注意逻辑关系词的转换，比如将因果关系转换为条件关系，将并列关系短语进行同义替换。
【解析】
36. 根据第一段“Serious losses of food happen from farmers' fields to customers' fridges.”，空格处需副词修饰动词lost，将形容词serious转换为副词seriously。
37. 表格该板块介绍发展中国家和发达国家食物浪费的具体情况，对应原文第二、三段内容，故填Situations/Facts。
38. 根据第二段“farmers making little money are trapped in a cycle of poverty.”，此处需形容词描述农民的状态，将名词poverty转换为形容词poor。
39. 根据第二段“They are also short of rapid transportation...”，空格处需副词修饰动词transported，将形容词rapid转换为quickly或fast。
40. 根据第三段“More than forty per cent of food waste happens during the process of selling and buying.”，More than的同义短语为over，故填over。
41. 根据第三段“the vegetables and fruit are thrown away because they look “ugly”, falling short of industry standards.”，逻辑上可理解为“除非蔬果看起来达标，否则会被丢弃”，故填unless。
42. 表格该板块介绍对食物生产的不良影响，对应第四段“Polluting and destroying environment do harm to producing food.”，do harm to的同义表达为influence，此处用复数形式influences。
43. 根据第四段“A few countries are reducing natural areas for growing food crops and raising livestock.”，空格处为被动语态结构，填reduce的过去分词reduced。
44. 根据第五段“such events that were thought of as “once in a hundred years” before happen more and more often.”，hundred years等同于century，故填century。
45. 根据最后一段“It's not only the problem on customers' dinner table, but also an international problem that must be dealt with by the governments.”，not only...but also的同义结构为both...and，故填both。
【答案】
36. seriously
37. Situations/Facts
38. poor
39. quickly/fast
40. over
41. unless
42. influences
43. reduced
44. century
45. both
【知识点】
信息提取与转换、词性转换、同义短语替换
【点评】
本文是中考常见的任务型阅读题，围绕“食物浪费”这一热点话题展开，考查学生对文章细节的捕捉能力、词性转换能力及同义表达的运用能力。题目设置贴合原文逻辑，需要学生在理解文本的基础上，灵活调整语言形式，对学生的语言综合运用能力有一定要求。
【难度系数】
0.6
解题时需先通读全文，把握文章主旨（食物浪费是全球性问题，涵盖不同国家的浪费情况、对食物生产的影响等），再结合表格的板块划分，逐一在原文中定位对应信息，根据句子语法结构、词性要求及同义转换规则填写单词，每个空仅填一个单词。具体思路：
1. 针对表格每个板块的提示，锁定原文对应段落；
2. 提取关键信息后，根据空格处的语法需求（如词性转换、被动语态、同义短语替换等）调整单词形式；
3. 注意逻辑关系词的转换，比如将因果关系转换为条件关系，将并列关系短语进行同义替换。
【解析】
36. 根据第一段“Serious losses of food happen from farmers' fields to customers' fridges.”，空格处需副词修饰动词lost，将形容词serious转换为副词seriously。
37. 表格该板块介绍发展中国家和发达国家食物浪费的具体情况，对应原文第二、三段内容，故填Situations/Facts。
38. 根据第二段“farmers making little money are trapped in a cycle of poverty.”，此处需形容词描述农民的状态，将名词poverty转换为形容词poor。
39. 根据第二段“They are also short of rapid transportation...”，空格处需副词修饰动词transported，将形容词rapid转换为quickly或fast。
40. 根据第三段“More than forty per cent of food waste happens during the process of selling and buying.”，More than的同义短语为over，故填over。
41. 根据第三段“the vegetables and fruit are thrown away because they look “ugly”, falling short of industry standards.”，逻辑上可理解为“除非蔬果看起来达标，否则会被丢弃”，故填unless。
42. 表格该板块介绍对食物生产的不良影响，对应第四段“Polluting and destroying environment do harm to producing food.”，do harm to的同义表达为influence，此处用复数形式influences。
43. 根据第四段“A few countries are reducing natural areas for growing food crops and raising livestock.”，空格处为被动语态结构，填reduce的过去分词reduced。
44. 根据第五段“such events that were thought of as “once in a hundred years” before happen more and more often.”，hundred years等同于century，故填century。
45. 根据最后一段“It's not only the problem on customers' dinner table, but also an international problem that must be dealt with by the governments.”，not only...but also的同义结构为both...and，故填both。
【答案】
36. seriously
37. Situations/Facts
38. poor
39. quickly/fast
40. over
41. unless
42. influences
43. reduced
44. century
45. both
【知识点】
信息提取与转换、词性转换、同义短语替换
【点评】
本文是中考常见的任务型阅读题，围绕“食物浪费”这一热点话题展开，考查学生对文章细节的捕捉能力、词性转换能力及同义表达的运用能力。题目设置贴合原文逻辑，需要学生在理解文本的基础上，灵活调整语言形式，对学生的语言综合运用能力有一定要求。
【难度系数】
0.6
