登录
二、阅读理解
People know animals do have feelings, but they are not sure if these feelings are correctly understood. In recent years, scientists have done research about the feelings of cows, frogs and pandas. ▲ It says that humans can tell(分辨) whether a chicken is happy or sad by listening to its calls.
The researchers put a bowl behind a door. Inside the bowl, sometimes, there was something chickens love to eat, such as rice or insects. Sometimes, there was nothing. When the chickens saw food behind the door, they seemed happy and produced fast and loud sounds, known as food calls. When there wasn't food, the chickens made low and long noises to express disappointment(失望). The researchers recorded(记录) all these sounds and studied their waves.
Then the researchers chose 16 recordings of such chicken noises. Half were from the chickens seeing the food and half were from the chickens finding no food. The recordings were played to 194 volunteers. Sixty-nine per cent of the volunteers correctly understood whether the chickens were feeling happy or not, and some of them even had no experience(经验) of taking care of chickens.
The result shows that humans have the natural ability to understand the feelings of chickens. Hopefully, this finding can bring about new technology(科技) to help with chicken-raising, a big industry(产业) in many countries. Some scientists are already working on a smart computer programme that can tell chickens' feelings. This is good news for farmers who want to make the birds happier and healthier.
(
A. Humans may not like animals.
B. Scientists know nothing about it.
C. Nobody knows why this happens.
D. A new study adds chickens to the list.
(
(
A. By listening to the chicken calls.
B. By taking care of the chickens.
C. By finding food for the chickens.
D. By making the chickens happy.
(
A. Farmers Know Chickens Best
B. Happy Chickens, Sad Chickens
C. Farmers' Best Choice
D. Smart Farmers, Healthy Farmers
People know animals do have feelings, but they are not sure if these feelings are correctly understood. In recent years, scientists have done research about the feelings of cows, frogs and pandas. ▲ It says that humans can tell(分辨) whether a chicken is happy or sad by listening to its calls.
The researchers put a bowl behind a door. Inside the bowl, sometimes, there was something chickens love to eat, such as rice or insects. Sometimes, there was nothing. When the chickens saw food behind the door, they seemed happy and produced fast and loud sounds, known as food calls. When there wasn't food, the chickens made low and long noises to express disappointment(失望). The researchers recorded(记录) all these sounds and studied their waves.
Then the researchers chose 16 recordings of such chicken noises. Half were from the chickens seeing the food and half were from the chickens finding no food. The recordings were played to 194 volunteers. Sixty-nine per cent of the volunteers correctly understood whether the chickens were feeling happy or not, and some of them even had no experience(经验) of taking care of chickens.
The result shows that humans have the natural ability to understand the feelings of chickens. Hopefully, this finding can bring about new technology(科技) to help with chicken-raising, a big industry(产业) in many countries. Some scientists are already working on a smart computer programme that can tell chickens' feelings. This is good news for farmers who want to make the birds happier and healthier.
(
D
)1. Which of the following can be put in "▲" in Paragraph 1?A. Humans may not like animals.
B. Scientists know nothing about it.
C. Nobody knows why this happens.
D. A new study adds chickens to the list.
(
D
)2. Which is most probably the sound wave of a happy call by a chicken?(
A
)3. How did the volunteers help with the research?A. By listening to the chicken calls.
B. By taking care of the chickens.
C. By finding food for the chickens.
D. By making the chickens happy.
(
B
)4. What is the best title for the passage?A. Farmers Know Chickens Best
B. Happy Chickens, Sad Chickens
C. Farmers' Best Choice
D. Smart Farmers, Healthy Farmers
答案
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了近年来，科学家研究了动物的情感，特别是鸡的叫声与情感之间的关系。
1. D 补全文章题。根据“In recent years, scientists have done research... whether a chicken is happy or sad by listening to its calls.”可以推断，空处要介绍的是关于鸡的研究。因此，选项 D 最符合上下文逻辑。故选 D。
2. D 图示理解题。根据“When the chickens saw food behind the door, they seemed happy and produced fast and loud sounds, known as food calls.”可以推断，鸡在看到食物时会发出快速（频率高）而响亮的声音。因此，选项 D 的波形图最符合描述。故选 D。
3. A 细节理解题。根据“Then the researchers chose 16... were played to 194 volunteers.”可知，志愿者通过听鸡的叫声来帮助研究。故选 A。
4. B 标题归纳题。通读全文，特别是“It says that humans can tell whether a chicken is happy or sad by listening to its calls.”可推知，最佳标题应为：快乐的小鸡，悲伤的小鸡。故选 B。
1. D 补全文章题。根据“In recent years, scientists have done research... whether a chicken is happy or sad by listening to its calls.”可以推断，空处要介绍的是关于鸡的研究。因此，选项 D 最符合上下文逻辑。故选 D。
2. D 图示理解题。根据“When the chickens saw food behind the door, they seemed happy and produced fast and loud sounds, known as food calls.”可以推断，鸡在看到食物时会发出快速（频率高）而响亮的声音。因此，选项 D 的波形图最符合描述。故选 D。
3. A 细节理解题。根据“Then the researchers chose 16... were played to 194 volunteers.”可知，志愿者通过听鸡的叫声来帮助研究。故选 A。
4. B 标题归纳题。通读全文，特别是“It says that humans can tell whether a chicken is happy or sad by listening to its calls.”可推知，最佳标题应为：快乐的小鸡，悲伤的小鸡。故选 B。
解析
【分析】
我们可以逐题梳理解题思路：第1题是语篇补全题，先看空缺前后的内容，前文说科学家近年已经研究了奶牛、青蛙、熊猫的情绪，后文直接引出关于鸡的叫声和情绪的研究结论，空缺处需要承上启下，选出能衔接前后的选项即可。第2题是图文匹配题，先从文中找到描述鸡开心时叫声的特征：快速且响亮，对应声波的特点就是频率高（波形密集）、振幅大（波形上下起伏大），对比四个波形图就能选出符合特征的选项。第3题是细节理解题，直接定位到描述志愿者参与研究的段落，提取对应的行为信息，排除文中没有提到的干扰选项。第4题是标题归纳题，通读全文抓住核心主题：研究证明人类可以分辨鸡的开心和悲伤情绪，选出最贴合核心的标题即可。
【解析】
1. 第1小题：前文提到科学家已经对奶牛、青蛙、熊猫的情绪开展了研究，后文引出了关于鸡的情绪的相关研究结论，空缺处需要起到承上启下的作用。A选项“人类可能不喜欢动物”、B选项“科学家对此一无所知”、C选项“没人知道为什么会发生”都不符合上下文逻辑，只有D选项“一项新研究把鸡也加入了研究名单”可以自然衔接前后内容，因此选D。
2. 第2小题：原文明确说明鸡看到食物处于开心状态时，会发出快速且响亮的叫声。声音越快代表声波振动频率越高，波形就越密集；声音越响亮代表声波振幅越大，波形的上下起伏幅度越大。对比四个选项的波形，D选项的波形最密集、振幅最大，完全符合开心的鸡的叫声的声波特征，因此选D。
3. 第3小题：根据原文第三段内容，研究人员挑选了16段鸡的叫声录音，播放给194名志愿者，让志愿者判断鸡的情绪，可知志愿者是通过听鸡的叫声来协助研究的。B选项“照顾鸡”、C选项“给鸡找食物”、D选项“哄鸡开心”都没有在文中提及，因此选A。
4. 第4小题：全文围绕“人类可以通过鸡的叫声分辨它是开心还是悲伤”这一核心展开，介绍了相关研究的过程和应用价值。A选项“农民最了解鸡”、C选项“农民的最佳选择”、D选项“聪明的农民，健康的农民”都偏离了文章核心主题，只有B选项“快乐的小鸡，悲伤的小鸡”最贴合全文内容，适合作为标题，因此选B。
【答案】
1.D 2.D 3.A 4.B
【知识点】
语篇逻辑衔接，细节信息定位，主旨大意归纳
【点评】
本题属于科普类阅读理解，题型设置丰富，涵盖了语句补全、图文匹配、细节查找、标题归纳多种常见阅读理解题型，还结合了基础的声学波形常识，既考察学生提取文本信息、梳理语篇逻辑的基础阅读能力，也锻炼了学生跨学科结合信息判断图示的综合能力，整体内容贴近趣味科普，容易激发学生的阅读兴趣。
【难度系数】
0.7
我们可以逐题梳理解题思路：第1题是语篇补全题，先看空缺前后的内容，前文说科学家近年已经研究了奶牛、青蛙、熊猫的情绪，后文直接引出关于鸡的叫声和情绪的研究结论，空缺处需要承上启下，选出能衔接前后的选项即可。第2题是图文匹配题，先从文中找到描述鸡开心时叫声的特征：快速且响亮，对应声波的特点就是频率高（波形密集）、振幅大（波形上下起伏大），对比四个波形图就能选出符合特征的选项。第3题是细节理解题，直接定位到描述志愿者参与研究的段落，提取对应的行为信息，排除文中没有提到的干扰选项。第4题是标题归纳题，通读全文抓住核心主题：研究证明人类可以分辨鸡的开心和悲伤情绪，选出最贴合核心的标题即可。
【解析】
1. 第1小题：前文提到科学家已经对奶牛、青蛙、熊猫的情绪开展了研究，后文引出了关于鸡的情绪的相关研究结论，空缺处需要起到承上启下的作用。A选项“人类可能不喜欢动物”、B选项“科学家对此一无所知”、C选项“没人知道为什么会发生”都不符合上下文逻辑，只有D选项“一项新研究把鸡也加入了研究名单”可以自然衔接前后内容，因此选D。
2. 第2小题：原文明确说明鸡看到食物处于开心状态时，会发出快速且响亮的叫声。声音越快代表声波振动频率越高，波形就越密集；声音越响亮代表声波振幅越大，波形的上下起伏幅度越大。对比四个选项的波形，D选项的波形最密集、振幅最大，完全符合开心的鸡的叫声的声波特征，因此选D。
3. 第3小题：根据原文第三段内容，研究人员挑选了16段鸡的叫声录音，播放给194名志愿者，让志愿者判断鸡的情绪，可知志愿者是通过听鸡的叫声来协助研究的。B选项“照顾鸡”、C选项“给鸡找食物”、D选项“哄鸡开心”都没有在文中提及，因此选A。
4. 第4小题：全文围绕“人类可以通过鸡的叫声分辨它是开心还是悲伤”这一核心展开，介绍了相关研究的过程和应用价值。A选项“农民最了解鸡”、C选项“农民的最佳选择”、D选项“聪明的农民，健康的农民”都偏离了文章核心主题，只有B选项“快乐的小鸡，悲伤的小鸡”最贴合全文内容，适合作为标题，因此选B。
【答案】
1.D 2.D 3.A 4.B
【知识点】
语篇逻辑衔接，细节信息定位，主旨大意归纳
【点评】
本题属于科普类阅读理解，题型设置丰富，涵盖了语句补全、图文匹配、细节查找、标题归纳多种常见阅读理解题型，还结合了基础的声学波形常识，既考察学生提取文本信息、梳理语篇逻辑的基础阅读能力，也锻炼了学生跨学科结合信息判断图示的综合能力，整体内容贴近趣味科普，容易激发学生的阅读兴趣。
【难度系数】
0.7
