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Ⅵ. 阅读短文，完成练习。
Dogs are kept as pets for hundreds of years. There are many different kinds of dogs. Some are small, and some are big. Dogs are mammals, which means they have fur and are warm-blooded (温血的).
Dogs have many talents. They have an amazing sense of smell. They can smell some things that we can't, so they often help the police to catch criminals (罪犯). They can lead people who are blind to cross the road and find the way around safely. They can help farmers to take care of sheep on the farm.
Dogs are omnivores, which means they can eat nearly all the things we do. However, don't give them chocolate (巧克力) as it can make them very poorly.
Dogs love to exercise, so they need to go out for a walk every day. They need plenty of food to eat and water to drink to be healthy. Dogs love to play! They like to fetch (去拿来) balls and sticks. They also like to swim. They will jump into rivers and make a real mess.
A. 匹配词义。
(
(
(
(
A. ill or sick
B. an animal or a person that eats meat and plants
C. ability
D. any animal that can give birth to babies and feed them on milk
B. 回答问题。
1. Why can dogs help the police to catch criminals?
2. What can dogs do to help farmers?
3. How can people look after dogs? Give two pieces of advice.
4. Do you like dogs? Why or why not?
Dogs are kept as pets for hundreds of years. There are many different kinds of dogs. Some are small, and some are big. Dogs are mammals, which means they have fur and are warm-blooded (温血的).
Dogs have many talents. They have an amazing sense of smell. They can smell some things that we can't, so they often help the police to catch criminals (罪犯). They can lead people who are blind to cross the road and find the way around safely. They can help farmers to take care of sheep on the farm.
Dogs are omnivores, which means they can eat nearly all the things we do. However, don't give them chocolate (巧克力) as it can make them very poorly.
Dogs love to exercise, so they need to go out for a walk every day. They need plenty of food to eat and water to drink to be healthy. Dogs love to play! They like to fetch (去拿来) balls and sticks. They also like to swim. They will jump into rivers and make a real mess.
A. 匹配词义。
(
D
) 1. mammal(
C
) 2. talent(
B
) 3. omnivore(
A
) 4. poorlyA. ill or sick
B. an animal or a person that eats meat and plants
C. ability
D. any animal that can give birth to babies and feed them on milk
B. 回答问题。
1. Why can dogs help the police to catch criminals?
Because they have an amazing sense of smell and they can smell some things that we can't.
2. What can dogs do to help farmers?
They can help farmers to take care of sheep on the farm.
3. How can people look after dogs? Give two pieces of advice.
Play with them./Don't give them chocolate./Take them for a walk every day./Often take them to swim.（答案不唯一）
4. Do you like dogs? Why or why not?
Yes, I do. Because dogs are friendly.（答案合理即可）
答案
A.1.D 2.C 3.B 4.A
B.1.Because they have an amazing sense of smell and they can smell some things that we can't.
2.They can help farmers to take care of sheep on the farm.
3.Play with them./Don't give them chocolate./Take them for a walk every day./Often take them to swim.（答案不唯一）
4.Yes, I do. Because dogs are friendly.（答案合理即可）
B.1.Because they have an amazing sense of smell and they can smell some things that we can't.
2.They can help farmers to take care of sheep on the farm.
3.Play with them./Don't give them chocolate./Take them for a walk every day./Often take them to swim.（答案不唯一）
4.Yes, I do. Because dogs are friendly.（答案合理即可）
解析
【分析】
这道题分为词义匹配和阅读简答两部分，解题思路非常清晰：首先处理词义匹配题，先定位每个划线生词在原文的位置，结合单词的词义、对应的常识和给出的选项逐一比对匹配；之后处理简答题，带着题干的问题回到原文中定位对应的段落，直接提取原文信息作答即可，最后一道开放题只要观点明确、理由合理就符合要求。
【解析】
A部分 词义匹配
1. 单词mammal的中文含义是哺乳动物，生物学上的定义为可以生育幼崽、并且用自身分泌的乳汁喂养后代的动物，和选项D的描述完全对应，因此选D。
2. 单词talent的中文含义是天赋、才能，和选项C的ability（能力）含义完全吻合，因此选C。
3. 单词omnivore的中文含义是杂食动物，指既可以食用肉类也可以食用植物类食物的生物，和选项B的描述完全对应，因此选B。
4. 单词poorly在句中用来描述狗食用巧克力之后的身体状态，含义是身体不适、生病，和选项A的ill or sick含义一致，因此选A。
B部分 回答问题
1. 回到原文第二段定位相关内容，原文明确说明狗能帮助警察抓罪犯的原因是它们有惊人的嗅觉，可以闻到人类闻不到的气味，整理内容作答即可。
2. 回到原文第二段末尾定位相关内容，原文直接给出狗可以帮助农民在农场照看羊群，直接提取内容作答即可。
3. 从原文中梳理和照顾狗狗相关的信息，比如每天带它出门散步、不要给它喂巧克力、给它提供充足的食物和水、多陪它玩耍等，任选两条合理内容作答即可，答案不唯一。
4. 本题为开放性试题，首先给出明确的表态，再补充符合逻辑的理由即可，表述合理就可以得分。
【答案】
A. 1.D 2.C 3.B 4.A
B. 1. Because they have an amazing sense of smell and they can smell some things that we can't.
2. They can help farmers to take care of sheep on the farm.
3. Take them for a walk every day. / Don't give them chocolate.（答案不唯一，合理即可）
4. Yes, I do. Because dogs are friendly and they can be our good friends.（答案合理即可）
【知识点】
词义猜测，阅读信息提取，情景表达
【点评】
本题属于基础难度的英语阅读题型，既考察学生结合上下文和常识猜测生词含义的能力，也锻炼学生快速定位原文信息、提取答案的阅读能力，最后的开放题引导学生结合自身想法输出英语表达，整体考点贴合中小学英语阅读的基础训练要求。
【难度系数】
0.7
这道题分为词义匹配和阅读简答两部分，解题思路非常清晰：首先处理词义匹配题，先定位每个划线生词在原文的位置，结合单词的词义、对应的常识和给出的选项逐一比对匹配；之后处理简答题，带着题干的问题回到原文中定位对应的段落，直接提取原文信息作答即可，最后一道开放题只要观点明确、理由合理就符合要求。
【解析】
A部分 词义匹配
1. 单词mammal的中文含义是哺乳动物，生物学上的定义为可以生育幼崽、并且用自身分泌的乳汁喂养后代的动物，和选项D的描述完全对应，因此选D。
2. 单词talent的中文含义是天赋、才能，和选项C的ability（能力）含义完全吻合，因此选C。
3. 单词omnivore的中文含义是杂食动物，指既可以食用肉类也可以食用植物类食物的生物，和选项B的描述完全对应，因此选B。
4. 单词poorly在句中用来描述狗食用巧克力之后的身体状态，含义是身体不适、生病，和选项A的ill or sick含义一致，因此选A。
B部分 回答问题
1. 回到原文第二段定位相关内容，原文明确说明狗能帮助警察抓罪犯的原因是它们有惊人的嗅觉，可以闻到人类闻不到的气味，整理内容作答即可。
2. 回到原文第二段末尾定位相关内容，原文直接给出狗可以帮助农民在农场照看羊群，直接提取内容作答即可。
3. 从原文中梳理和照顾狗狗相关的信息，比如每天带它出门散步、不要给它喂巧克力、给它提供充足的食物和水、多陪它玩耍等，任选两条合理内容作答即可，答案不唯一。
4. 本题为开放性试题，首先给出明确的表态，再补充符合逻辑的理由即可，表述合理就可以得分。
【答案】
A. 1.D 2.C 3.B 4.A
B. 1. Because they have an amazing sense of smell and they can smell some things that we can't.
2. They can help farmers to take care of sheep on the farm.
3. Take them for a walk every day. / Don't give them chocolate.（答案不唯一，合理即可）
4. Yes, I do. Because dogs are friendly and they can be our good friends.（答案合理即可）
【知识点】
词义猜测，阅读信息提取，情景表达
【点评】
本题属于基础难度的英语阅读题型，既考察学生结合上下文和常识猜测生词含义的能力，也锻炼学生快速定位原文信息、提取答案的阅读能力，最后的开放题引导学生结合自身想法输出英语表达，整体考点贴合中小学英语阅读的基础训练要求。
【难度系数】
0.7
