四、任务型阅读
阅读下面短文，在文章后表格的空格里填入最恰当的内容，第 1—9 小题每个空格只填 1 个单词，第10 小题词数不限。
体裁：说明文 主题：公共服务 难度：★★★★★ 建议用时：9 min 正确率： /10
Whether in stores or parks, the women's restroom always seems very busy. Not only are they crowded inside, but long lines often stretch(延伸) outside as well. Meanwhile, going to the men's restroom appears much more smooth. People come and go quickly, and you hardly see long lines waiting outside.
The reasons are varied. First，men's and women's needs in restrooms are not the same. A study from the World Toilet Organization shows that, due to physical differences，the typical time women spend in the restroom is about 2.3 times longer than that of men. Women also often use public restrooms to fix their appearance or take care of children.
To accommodate these additional needs，women's restrooms are often designed with less space per user than men's. This makes the traditional 1：1 ratio(比例)between men's and women's restroom space unfair. Liang Ji, an expert from the China Association of Urban Environmental Sanitation，suggests that a 1：2 ratio would be more effective.
In recent years，public awareness of this problem has grown. To address it，we should start by raising public understanding. When using public space，everyone should consider others' needs while meeting their own.
In addition，more cities should be encouraged to support female-friendly restrooms. Reports show that some public restrooms in Shenzhen, Guangdong，have already adopted a 1：2 ratio of male-to-female restroom space and have also added smart screens to help visitors check available space. In Changsha，Hunan，two extra women-only restrooms have been added to a railway station's public restroom areas. During a trip to Jilin Province，I also noticed a public restroom that included a well-designed rest area where visitors could read books or charge their phones，making the waiting time more comfortable.
These well-planned public services have received a lot of praise. More importantly，when women feel more comfortable and valued，our cities will become more welcoming and peaceful places to live.


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1. longer 根据第一段“but long lines often stretch outside as well”和“and you hardly see long lines waiting outside”可知和男卫生间相比，女卫生间外面排更长的队伍；根据空前“more crowded”可知此处应用比较级。故填 longer。
2. causes 根据第二段“The reasons are varied.”可知原因多种多样；causes of sth.表示“……的原因”。故填 causes。
易错点拨
本题易错填 reasons，reasons for sth.表示“……的原因”。
3. different 根据第二段“due to physical differences, the typical time women spend in the restroom is about 2.3 times longer than that of men”可知由于身体上的不同，女性 在卫生间的时间更长。故填 different。
4. aim/purpose 根据第二段“Women also often use public restrooms to fix their appearance or take care of children.”可知女性通常在公共卫生间整理外貌或照顾小孩，此处指女性使用公共卫生间的目的。故填 aim/purpose。
5. understand 根据第四段“To address it, we should start by raising public understanding.”可知我们应该帮助公众理解这种情况；help sb. do sth.表示“帮助某人做某事”。故填 understand。
6. using 根据第五段“have also added smart screens to help visitors check available spaces”可知通过使用智能屏幕帮助游客查看可用空间；介词 by 后接动名词形式。故填 using。
7. Include 根据第五段“I also noticed a public restroom that included a well-designed rest area where visitors could read books or charge their phones, making the waiting time more comfortable”可知吉林省的公共卫生间有精心设计的休息区；句首首字母需大写。故填 Include。
8. highly 根据最后一段“These well-planned public services have received a lot of praise.”可知人们赞扬了这些公共服务；think highly of 表示“高度评价”。故填 highly。
9. Three/3. 根据第五段“Guangdong”，“Hunan”和“Jilin”可知一共有 3 个省具有解决这个问题的意识。
10. Adopting a 1:2 ratio for restroom spaces.（答案不唯一，言之有理即可）

【分析】本题为任务型阅读，需结合短文内容，依据空格前后的语境、词性要求、固定搭配等，定位原文对应信息填写答案。解题时先通读全文把握主旨，再逐个分析空格：1题需对比男女卫生间排队情况，用比较级；2题对应“原因”的表达，注意搭配；3题结合身体差异的描述；4题明确女性使用公共卫生间的目的；5题根据固定搭配确定动词形式；6题注意介词后接动名词；7题关注句首大写；8题运用固定短语；9题统计相关省份数量；10题结合全文建议作答。
【解析】1. 根据第一段“女卫生间外排长队”和“男卫生间几乎无长队”的对比，空前有more crowded，需用比较级，故填longer；2. 第二段“The reasons are varied”对应“原因”，causes符合搭配；3. 第二段“due to physical differences”转换为形容词different；4. 女性用公共卫生间整理外貌或照顾孩子是目的，填aim/purpose；5. 第四段“raising public understanding”，help sb do sth，故填understand；6. 第五段by后接动名词，填using；7. 吉林的公共卫生间包含休息区，句首大写，填Include；8. 固定搭配think highly of，填highly；9. 第五段提到广东、湖南、吉林3个省，填Three/3；10. 结合全文建议，如Adopting a 1:2 ratio for restroom spaces（答案不唯一）。
【答案】1. longer 2. causes 3. different 4. aim/purpose 5. understand 6. using 7. Include 8. highly 9. Three/3 10. Adopting a 1:2 ratio for restroom spaces.（答案不唯一，言之有理即可）
【知识点】任务型阅读、细节理解、固定搭配
【点评】本题围绕公共卫生间男女使用差异展开，考查学生定位原文信息、词性转换、固定搭配运用及归纳总结能力，整体难度适中，需关注细节与语境的匹配。
【难度系数】0.5