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训练2
体裁：说明文 主题：自然灾害 难度：★★★★★ 建议用时：9 min 正确率：/4
Oranges—and everything we make from them—are big business. But right now, the industry is facing a difficult choice. There aren't enough oranges available, so their prices have recently reached a record high. Because of this, orange juice makers are considering using other citrus（柑橘类）fruits to make the drink.
One big reason for this shortage is the bad weather in Brazil. The country produces nearly 70% of the oranges we use for juice. But in 2024, their harvest is expected to be 24% lower than last year, marking the third year in a row with a bad harvest.
Also, orange trees in Brazil have been affected by citrus greening disease（病害）. It's one of the worst diseases for citrus trees. When an orange tree gets sick, the fruits it produces taste bad. And sadly, there's no cure for this disease yet. Sick trees usually die within a few years.
“This is a crisis,” said the president of the International Fruit and Vegetable Juice Association. “We've never seen anything like it.” Normally, when there aren't enough oranges, juice makers can mix the new crop with frozen juice. But after three years of poor harvests, that won't be possible. Another solution, according to the president, is to make orange juice from other citrus fruits instead.
However, not everyone is happy about this “solution”. Some people argue that using other fruits would add to the cost of transportation. This would push up the price of juice. And when prices go up, people might not buy as much juice as they used to. As a result, there wouldn't be as much money to invest in planting new orange trees.
1. How does the writer explain the first sentence in Paragraph 2?
A. By telling facts. B. By listing numbers. C. By giving examples. D. By asking questions.
2. The underlined word “solution” in Paragraph 4 can be put in sentence .
词义猜测题
A. There's no simple to this problem.
B. The most likely is that his plane was late.
C. She made a to visit her relatives more often.
D. Their success was the of years of hard work.
3. According to the passage, we can infer that .
A. the harvest of oranges was lower in 2023 than that in 2022
B. making orange juice is the most important industry in Brazil
C. because of other citrus fruits, businessmen are hopeful about the future of the orange business
D. the shortage of oranges is the biggest in 2024 as most orange trees die from citrus greening disease
4. What's the structure of the passage?
A. ①/②③④/⑤ B. ①/②③④⑤ C. ①/②/③④⑤ D. ①/②③/④⑤
体裁：说明文 主题：自然灾害 难度：★★★★★ 建议用时：9 min 正确率：/4
Oranges—and everything we make from them—are big business. But right now, the industry is facing a difficult choice. There aren't enough oranges available, so their prices have recently reached a record high. Because of this, orange juice makers are considering using other citrus（柑橘类）fruits to make the drink.
One big reason for this shortage is the bad weather in Brazil. The country produces nearly 70% of the oranges we use for juice. But in 2024, their harvest is expected to be 24% lower than last year, marking the third year in a row with a bad harvest.
Also, orange trees in Brazil have been affected by citrus greening disease（病害）. It's one of the worst diseases for citrus trees. When an orange tree gets sick, the fruits it produces taste bad. And sadly, there's no cure for this disease yet. Sick trees usually die within a few years.
“This is a crisis,” said the president of the International Fruit and Vegetable Juice Association. “We've never seen anything like it.” Normally, when there aren't enough oranges, juice makers can mix the new crop with frozen juice. But after three years of poor harvests, that won't be possible. Another solution, according to the president, is to make orange juice from other citrus fruits instead.
However, not everyone is happy about this “solution”. Some people argue that using other fruits would add to the cost of transportation. This would push up the price of juice. And when prices go up, people might not buy as much juice as they used to. As a result, there wouldn't be as much money to invest in planting new orange trees.
1. How does the writer explain the first sentence in Paragraph 2?
A. By telling facts. B. By listing numbers. C. By giving examples. D. By asking questions.
2. The underlined word “solution” in Paragraph 4 can be put in sentence .
词义猜测题
A. There's no simple to this problem.
B. The most likely is that his plane was late.
C. She made a to visit her relatives more often.
D. Their success was the of years of hard work.
3. According to the passage, we can infer that .
A. the harvest of oranges was lower in 2023 than that in 2022
B. making orange juice is the most important industry in Brazil
C. because of other citrus fruits, businessmen are hopeful about the future of the orange business
D. the shortage of oranges is the biggest in 2024 as most orange trees die from citrus greening disease
4. What's the structure of the passage?
A. ①/②③④/⑤ B. ①/②③④⑤ C. ①/②/③④⑤ D. ①/②③/④⑤
答案
训练 2 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了全球面临橙汁危机的原因和解决方案等。
1. B 写作手法题。根据第二段“The country produces nearly 70% of the oranges we use for juice. But in 2024, their harvest is expected to be 24% lower than last year, marking the third year in a row with a bad harvest.”可知作者通过列数字说明巴西的恶劣天气是造成橙子短缺的一个主要原因。故选 B。
2. A 词义猜测题。根据上文“Normally, when there aren't enough oranges, juice makers can mix the new crop with frozen juice.”和下文“make orange juice from other citrus fruits instead”可知当橙子短缺时果汁制造商可以将新产的果实与冷冻果汁混合，用其他柑橘类水果制作橙汁是另一种解决方案，由此可知“solution”意为“解决方案”，结合选项可知 A 项的空缺处应填入“解决方案”。故选 A。
＞＞上下文语境
3. A 推理判断题。根据第二段“But in 2024, their harvest is expected to be 24% lower than last year, marking the third year in a row with a bad harvest.”可知 2024 年橙子的收成预计比去年低，这是连续第三年收成不佳，由此可推知 2023 年橙子的收成比 2022 年低。故选 A。
4. D 篇章结构题。结合文章内容可知，第一段引出话题，第二、三段介绍了橙子短缺的原因，第四、五段介绍了橙子短缺的解决方案以及人们对解决方案的看法。故选 D。
1. B 写作手法题。根据第二段“The country produces nearly 70% of the oranges we use for juice. But in 2024, their harvest is expected to be 24% lower than last year, marking the third year in a row with a bad harvest.”可知作者通过列数字说明巴西的恶劣天气是造成橙子短缺的一个主要原因。故选 B。
2. A 词义猜测题。根据上文“Normally, when there aren't enough oranges, juice makers can mix the new crop with frozen juice.”和下文“make orange juice from other citrus fruits instead”可知当橙子短缺时果汁制造商可以将新产的果实与冷冻果汁混合，用其他柑橘类水果制作橙汁是另一种解决方案，由此可知“solution”意为“解决方案”，结合选项可知 A 项的空缺处应填入“解决方案”。故选 A。
＞＞上下文语境
3. A 推理判断题。根据第二段“But in 2024, their harvest is expected to be 24% lower than last year, marking the third year in a row with a bad harvest.”可知 2024 年橙子的收成预计比去年低，这是连续第三年收成不佳，由此可推知 2023 年橙子的收成比 2022 年低。故选 A。
4. D 篇章结构题。结合文章内容可知，第一段引出话题，第二、三段介绍了橙子短缺的原因，第四、五段介绍了橙子短缺的解决方案以及人们对解决方案的看法。故选 D。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇关于橙汁产业面临橙子短缺问题的说明文，包含4道阅读理解题，分别考察写作手法、词义猜测、推理判断和篇章结构。解题思路如下：
1. 第1题（写作手法题）：先定位第二段第一句的解释内容，找到支撑该句的细节，判断写作手法；
2. 第2题（词义猜测题）：结合第四段上下文语境，明确“solution”的含义，匹配选项；
3. 第3题（推理判断题）：根据原文时间与收成数据，合理推断，排除错误选项；
4. 第4题（篇章结构题）：梳理每段核心内容，划分段落层次，确定文章结构。
【解析】
1. 第1题：定位第二段，作者用“70%”“24%”等具体数字说明巴西橙子短缺的原因，属于列数字的写作手法，故选B；
2. 第2题：第四段中“solution”指解决橙子短缺问题的办法，A选项“没有简单的解决方案”中“solution”意为“解决方案”，符合语境；B选项“解释”、C选项“决定”、D选项“结果”均不符合，故选A；
3. 第3题：根据第二段“2024年收成比去年低，连续第三年收成不佳”，可推知2023年收成比2022年低，A正确；B选项“最重要产业”原文未提及；C选项“商人乐观”与原文不符；D选项“最大短缺”无依据，故选A；
4. 第4题：第一段引出橙汁产业面临橙子短缺的话题；第二、三段说明橙子短缺的原因；第四、五段介绍解决方案及人们的看法，结构为①/②③/④⑤，故选D。
【答案】
1. B 2. A 3. A 4. D
【知识点】
词义猜测题、推理判断题、篇章结构分析
【点评】
本文围绕橙汁产业的橙子短缺问题展开，考察阅读核心能力，需学生精准定位原文信息、结合语境分析词义、合理推断并梳理结构，对细节理解和逻辑分析能力要求较高。
【难度系数】
0.2
这是一篇关于橙汁产业面临橙子短缺问题的说明文，包含4道阅读理解题，分别考察写作手法、词义猜测、推理判断和篇章结构。解题思路如下：
1. 第1题（写作手法题）：先定位第二段第一句的解释内容，找到支撑该句的细节，判断写作手法；
2. 第2题（词义猜测题）：结合第四段上下文语境，明确“solution”的含义，匹配选项；
3. 第3题（推理判断题）：根据原文时间与收成数据，合理推断，排除错误选项；
4. 第4题（篇章结构题）：梳理每段核心内容，划分段落层次，确定文章结构。
【解析】
1. 第1题：定位第二段，作者用“70%”“24%”等具体数字说明巴西橙子短缺的原因，属于列数字的写作手法，故选B；
2. 第2题：第四段中“solution”指解决橙子短缺问题的办法，A选项“没有简单的解决方案”中“solution”意为“解决方案”，符合语境；B选项“解释”、C选项“决定”、D选项“结果”均不符合，故选A；
3. 第3题：根据第二段“2024年收成比去年低，连续第三年收成不佳”，可推知2023年收成比2022年低，A正确；B选项“最重要产业”原文未提及；C选项“商人乐观”与原文不符；D选项“最大短缺”无依据，故选A；
4. 第4题：第一段引出橙汁产业面临橙子短缺的话题；第二、三段说明橙子短缺的原因；第四、五段介绍解决方案及人们的看法，结构为①/②③/④⑤，故选D。
【答案】
1. B 2. A 3. A 4. D
【知识点】
词义猜测题、推理判断题、篇章结构分析
【点评】
本文围绕橙汁产业的橙子短缺问题展开，考察阅读核心能力，需学生精准定位原文信息、结合语境分析词义、合理推断并梳理结构，对细节理解和逻辑分析能力要求较高。
【难度系数】
0.2
