一、根据汉语提示填写单词。
1. The school has (严格的) rules against using mobile phones.
2. She felt a (突然的) pain in her stomach and decided to lie down for a while.
3. I couldn't find a (单个的) mistake in her homework because she checked it carefully.
4. Volunteering helps us understand the problems that some people face in our (社会).
5. He often carries a heavy backpack on his (肩膀), and it sometimes gives him back pain.
6. The little girl felt nervous before she walked onto the (舞台) to perform.
7. When the mother returned home, she found her son sleeping (酣畅地).
8. I have known my best friend (从……以来) we were in the middle school ten years ago.
9. She had a (疼痛的) throat yesterday, so she drank a lot of warm water with honey.
10. The patient's (胃痛) stopped after he took some medicine.

1. strict 2. sudden 3. single 4. society 5. shoulders 6. stage 7. soundly 8. since 9. sore 10. stomachache

【分析】
本题为根据汉语提示填写英语单词的基础题型，解题思路为：先理解每个句子的语境，再结合汉语提示回忆对应的英语单词，同时注意单词的词性、单复数形式及固定搭配等细节，确保填入的单词符合句子语法和语义要求。
【解析】
1. 汉语提示“严格的”对应形容词strict，用于修饰名词rules；
2. 汉语提示“突然的”对应形容词sudden，用于修饰名词pain；
3. 汉语提示“单个的”对应形容词single，用于修饰名词mistake；
4. 汉语提示“社会”对应名词society，构成短语in our society；
5. 汉语提示“肩膀”对应名词shoulder，人有两个肩膀，故用复数形式shoulders；
6. 汉语提示“舞台”对应名词stage，构成短语walk onto the stage；
7. 汉语提示“酣畅地”对应副词soundly，用于修饰动词sleeping；
8. 汉语提示“从……以来”对应连词since，引导时间状语从句，符合句子时态语境；
9. 汉语提示“疼痛的”对应形容词sore，构成固定搭配sore throat（喉咙痛）；
10. 汉语提示“胃痛”对应名词stomachache，符合句子语境。
【答案】
1. strict 2. sudden 3. single 4. society 5. shoulders 6. stage 7. soundly 8. since 9. sore 10. stomachache
【知识点】
英语词汇运用；词性辨析；名词单复数
【点评】
本题为初中英语基础词汇题型，主要考察学生对核心常用英语单词的掌握，以及在语境中正确运用单词的能力，涉及词性、名词单复数、固定搭配等细节，是巩固英语基础的典型题目。
【难度系数】
0.8

二、用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。
1. ( surprising ), our team won first prize although we only practised for a week.
2. Many foreigners are completely ( shock ) after seeing the wonderful performance.
3. The government is trying to find a ( solve ) to reduce the traffic jam in the city.
4. She ( successful ) passed her driving test on the first try, which made her proud.
5. They learned to dance ( secret ) because they wanted to surprise everyone at the party.
6. The ancient tree has ( survive ) for hundreds of years through many storms and droughts.
7. We'd better pay more attention to the food ( safe ).
8. You can ( simple ) press this red button if you need any help.
9. Firstly, we need to choose a topic. ( second ), we must find information about it.
10. She ( shake ) her head and said that she disagreed with us.

1. Surprisingly 2. shocked 3. solution 4. successfully 5. secretly 6. survived 7. safety 8. simply 9. Secondly 10. shook

【分析】
本题为英语单词正确形式填空题，需结合句子结构、词性要求及时态规则转换括号内单词：1. 句首修饰整个句子需用副词；2. be动词后修饰人需用-ed形容词；3. 不定冠词a后接名词；4. 修饰动词需用副词；5. 修饰动词需用副词；6. 现在完成时需用动词过去分词；7. 名词food后接名词；8. 修饰动词需用副词；9. 与序数词Firstly并列需用对应副词；10. 由并列动词的时态确定动词形式。
【解析】
1. 空格在句首修饰整个句子，需用surprising的副词形式，故填Surprisingly；
2. 主语是表示人的foreigners，be动词后需用表“感到震惊的”形容词，shock的-ed形容词为shocked，故填shocked；
3. a后需接名词，solve的名词形式为solution（解决方法），故填solution；
4. 空格修饰动词passed，需用successful的副词形式，故填successfully；
5. 空格修饰动词dance，需用secret的副词形式，故填secretly；
6. 句子为现在完成时，结构为has+过去分词，survive的过去分词为survived，故填survived；
7. food后需接名词，safe的名词形式为safety（安全），故填safety；
8. 空格修饰动词press，需用simple的副词形式，故填simply；
9. 与Firstly对应，需用second的副词形式Secondly，故填Secondly；
10. 由and后的said（过去式）可知，句子为一般过去时，shake的过去式为shook，故填shook。
【答案】
1. Surprisingly 2. shocked 3. solution 4. successfully 5. secretly 6. survived 7. safety 8. simply 9. Secondly 10. shook
【知识点】
英语词性转换、副词的用法、动词时态
【点评】
本题考查初中英语核心基础知识点，涵盖词性转换、副词功能及动词时态变化，需学生熟练掌握各类词性的句子功能规则和常见动词的时态变形，属于巩固基础的典型题型。
【难度系数】
0.7