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C
①Money can't buy you happiness. Well, what if it could? Not by making it or spending it, but by giving it away.
②In an experiment in Switzerland, researchers gave each of the 50 volunteers £20 every week for four weeks. Half of the volunteers were asked to spend the money on themselves and make a note of how they spent the money. But the researchers asked the other half to spend the money on another person.
③After that, all 50 volunteers did the same task in a laboratory. They were asked to think of a person who they would like to give money to. Then they had to decide how much money, from £3 to £20, they wanted to give away. While the volunteers thought about this, the researchers studied their brain activities using an MRI machine.
④The results showed two things. First, the 25 volunteers who gave their money away during the four weeks were more generous(慷慨的) and chose to give more money away in the laboratory task. Second, those same people were much happier than the people who once spent the money on themselves.
⑤In the experiment, the volunteers were asked to give money away. But would you like to do this in your daily life? Can you really make yourself happy by giving? The answer is yes, but remember to start small. You can start by giving £1 to a homeless person. Gradually, you can try to change your habits so that you can save money to give away. For example, stop buying lunch every day and take a packed lunch to work or school. You can then save some money and give it to people in need.
⑥Learning to donate money is all about changing the way you behave. It's about living with less and being more generous. And this will make you happy.
(
A. Who needed their money most.
B. How they wanted to spend their money.
C. Whether they wanted to join in the experiment.
D. How much money they would like to give away.
(
A. Being a volunteer. B. Changing your habits.
C. Giving money away. D. Doing the experiment.
(
A. Each volunteer got £20 from researchers every day for four weeks.
B. The volunteers felt unhappy after spending money on themselves.
C. The researchers used an MRI machine to study volunteers' brain activities.
D. Learning to give money away doesn't require changing our lifestyle.
(
A. Money is not the key to happiness.
B. Giving money away can bring happiness.
C. Small acts of kindness can make a big difference.
D. Changing spending habits is important for a happy life.
(
A. ①
②-③-④-⑤
⑥
B. ①-②-③
④ ⑤
⑥
C. ①-②
③-④
⑤ ⑥
D. ①
②-③-④
⑤-⑥
①Money can't buy you happiness. Well, what if it could? Not by making it or spending it, but by giving it away.
②In an experiment in Switzerland, researchers gave each of the 50 volunteers £20 every week for four weeks. Half of the volunteers were asked to spend the money on themselves and make a note of how they spent the money. But the researchers asked the other half to spend the money on another person.
③After that, all 50 volunteers did the same task in a laboratory. They were asked to think of a person who they would like to give money to. Then they had to decide how much money, from £3 to £20, they wanted to give away. While the volunteers thought about this, the researchers studied their brain activities using an MRI machine.
④The results showed two things. First, the 25 volunteers who gave their money away during the four weeks were more generous(慷慨的) and chose to give more money away in the laboratory task. Second, those same people were much happier than the people who once spent the money on themselves.
⑤In the experiment, the volunteers were asked to give money away. But would you like to do this in your daily life? Can you really make yourself happy by giving? The answer is yes, but remember to start small. You can start by giving £1 to a homeless person. Gradually, you can try to change your habits so that you can save money to give away. For example, stop buying lunch every day and take a packed lunch to work or school. You can then save some money and give it to people in need.
⑥Learning to donate money is all about changing the way you behave. It's about living with less and being more generous. And this will make you happy.
(
D
)36. What did the researchers ask the volunteers to decide in the laboratory?A. Who needed their money most.
B. How they wanted to spend their money.
C. Whether they wanted to join in the experiment.
D. How much money they would like to give away.
(
C
)37. What does the underlined word "this" in Paragraph 5 refer to?A. Being a volunteer. B. Changing your habits.
C. Giving money away. D. Doing the experiment.
(
C
)38. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Each volunteer got £20 from researchers every day for four weeks.
B. The volunteers felt unhappy after spending money on themselves.
C. The researchers used an MRI machine to study volunteers' brain activities.
D. Learning to give money away doesn't require changing our lifestyle.
(
B
)39. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Money is not the key to happiness.
B. Giving money away can bring happiness.
C. Small acts of kindness can make a big difference.
D. Changing spending habits is important for a happy life.
(
D
)40. 新考法 篇章结构 Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?A. ①
②-③-④-⑤
⑥
B. ①-②-③
④ ⑤
⑥
C. ①-②
③-④
⑤ ⑥
D. ①
②-③-④
⑤-⑥
答案
C
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过瑞士的一项实验,探讨
金钱与幸福的关系,表明给予金钱而非花费或赚取金钱能让人更
幸福,并建议人们在日常生活中从小事做起学会给予。
36. D 细节理解题。根据"Then they had to decide how much
money, from £3 to £20, they wanted to give away."可知,研
究人员让志愿者在实验室决定他们想要捐出多少钱。故选D。
37. C 代词指代题。根据"In the experiment, the volunteers were
asked to give money away. But would you like to do this in
your daily life?"可知,"this"指的是前文提到的"giving money
away"。故选C。
38. C 细节理解题。根据"While the volunteers thought about
this, the researchers studied their brain activities using an MRI
machine."可知,文中明确提到研究人员用MRI来观察志愿者
的大脑活动。故选C。
⚪易错点拨 A选项:第②段提到"researchers gave each of the 50
volunteers £20 every week for four weeks",是"每周20英镑"
而非"每天20英镑",与原文不符,故不选;B选项:第④段指出
"those same people(赠予他人金钱的志愿者) were much
happier than the people who once spent the money on
themselves",仅说明用于自身消费的志愿者幸福感更低,并未
提及他们"感到不开心",故不选;C选项:第③段提到"While the
volunteers thought about this, the researchers studied their brain
activities using an MRI machine.",与选项表述一致,正确;D选项:
第⑥段提到"Learning to donate money is all about changing the
way you behave.",且第⑤段也建议"change your habits so that you
can save money to give away",说明学习捐赠需要改变行为/习惯,
与选项"不需要改变生活方式"相悖,故不选。故选C。
39. B 主旨大意题。根据"The results showed two things ...
those same people were much happier than the people who
once spent the money on themselves."等内容可知,文章主要讲
述了研究发现捐钱能带来快乐,即给予金钱可以带来幸福。
故选B。
40. D 篇章结构题。文章第①段提出金钱能否带来幸福的问题,
引出主题;第②段介绍瑞士的实验;第③④段阐述实验结果;
第⑤⑥段给出在日常生活中给予的建议。整体是总分结构,
①为总起,②③④围绕实验展开,⑤⑥是进一步建议。故选D。
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过瑞士的一项实验,探讨
金钱与幸福的关系,表明给予金钱而非花费或赚取金钱能让人更
幸福,并建议人们在日常生活中从小事做起学会给予。
36. D 细节理解题。根据"Then they had to decide how much
money, from £3 to £20, they wanted to give away."可知,研
究人员让志愿者在实验室决定他们想要捐出多少钱。故选D。
37. C 代词指代题。根据"In the experiment, the volunteers were
asked to give money away. But would you like to do this in
your daily life?"可知,"this"指的是前文提到的"giving money
away"。故选C。
38. C 细节理解题。根据"While the volunteers thought about
this, the researchers studied their brain activities using an MRI
machine."可知,文中明确提到研究人员用MRI来观察志愿者
的大脑活动。故选C。
⚪易错点拨 A选项:第②段提到"researchers gave each of the 50
volunteers £20 every week for four weeks",是"每周20英镑"
而非"每天20英镑",与原文不符,故不选;B选项:第④段指出
"those same people(赠予他人金钱的志愿者) were much
happier than the people who once spent the money on
themselves",仅说明用于自身消费的志愿者幸福感更低,并未
提及他们"感到不开心",故不选;C选项:第③段提到"While the
volunteers thought about this, the researchers studied their brain
activities using an MRI machine.",与选项表述一致,正确;D选项:
第⑥段提到"Learning to donate money is all about changing the
way you behave.",且第⑤段也建议"change your habits so that you
can save money to give away",说明学习捐赠需要改变行为/习惯,
与选项"不需要改变生活方式"相悖,故不选。故选C。
39. B 主旨大意题。根据"The results showed two things ...
those same people were much happier than the people who
once spent the money on themselves."等内容可知,文章主要讲
述了研究发现捐钱能带来快乐,即给予金钱可以带来幸福。
故选B。
40. D 篇章结构题。文章第①段提出金钱能否带来幸福的问题,
引出主题;第②段介绍瑞士的实验;第③④段阐述实验结果;
第⑤⑥段给出在日常生活中给予的建议。整体是总分结构,
①为总起,②③④围绕实验展开,⑤⑥是进一步建议。故选D。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇议论文类阅读理解题，解题思路如下：首先通读全文梳理行文逻辑，针对不同题型逐一突破：1. 细节理解题直接回原文定位题干对应的语句，匹配选项内容；2. 代词指代题向前查找最近的相关指代对象，排除无关内容；3. 正误判断题将每个选项逐一和原文内容比对，排除偷换概念、无中生有、和原文相悖的错误选项；4. 主旨大意题抓住首尾段的核心论点，排除片面的干扰项；5. 篇章结构题逐段概括段落功能，将功能相近的段落归为同一模块，匹配对应的结构示意图即可。
【解析】
36. 细节理解题：定位到原文第③段的描述"Then they had to decide how much money, from £3 to £20, they wanted to give away."，可知研究人员要求志愿者在实验室中决定自己想要捐出的金额，对应选项D。
37. 代词指代题：定位到第⑤段划线词所在句的前一句"In the experiment, the volunteers were asked to give money away."，可知代词this指代前文提到的“捐钱”这个行为，对应选项C。
38. 细节判断题：逐一核对选项：
A选项：原文第②段明确说明是每周给志愿者20英镑，持续四周，并非每天发放，表述错误；
B选项：原文仅说明把钱花在自己身上的志愿者幸福感低于捐钱的群体，并没有提及这类志愿者感到不开心，属于无中生有，表述错误；
C选项：原文第③段明确提到研究人员使用MRI机器观测志愿者的大脑活动，和原文表述完全一致，正确；
D选项：原文第⑤、⑥段都提到学习捐赠需要改变自身行为和消费习惯，选项表述和原文相悖，错误。
因此本题选C。
39. 主旨大意题：全文开篇就抛出核心观点“给予金钱而非赚钱、花钱能带来幸福”，后续通过瑞士的对照实验验证该观点，最后呼吁大众从小事做起践行给予，核心主旨是捐钱/给予金钱可以带来幸福，对应选项B。
40. 篇章结构题：逐段梳理段落功能：
第①段：总起全文，引出核心话题；
第②-④段：完整介绍实验的设置、开展过程、最终结论，属于同一个实验论述模块；
第⑤-⑥段：从实验延伸到日常生活，给出普通人践行给予的具体建议，点明捐赠的本质和意义，属于同一个延伸论述模块。
该逻辑完全对应选项D的结构。
【答案】
36.D 37.C 38.C 39.B 40.D
【知识点】
细节信息查找，代词指代判断，篇章结构梳理
【点评】
本题覆盖了阅读理解的经典核心题型，新增的篇章结构类新考法跳出了逐句阅读的惯性，引导学生从宏观层面把控全文行文逻辑，细节题的易错选项设置非常典型，能有效帮助学生规避偷换概念、过度解读等常见的阅读答题误区，整体对学生的文本理解能力考察全面。
【难度系数】
0.65
这是一篇议论文类阅读理解题，解题思路如下：首先通读全文梳理行文逻辑，针对不同题型逐一突破：1. 细节理解题直接回原文定位题干对应的语句，匹配选项内容；2. 代词指代题向前查找最近的相关指代对象，排除无关内容；3. 正误判断题将每个选项逐一和原文内容比对，排除偷换概念、无中生有、和原文相悖的错误选项；4. 主旨大意题抓住首尾段的核心论点，排除片面的干扰项；5. 篇章结构题逐段概括段落功能，将功能相近的段落归为同一模块，匹配对应的结构示意图即可。
【解析】
36. 细节理解题：定位到原文第③段的描述"Then they had to decide how much money, from £3 to £20, they wanted to give away."，可知研究人员要求志愿者在实验室中决定自己想要捐出的金额，对应选项D。
37. 代词指代题：定位到第⑤段划线词所在句的前一句"In the experiment, the volunteers were asked to give money away."，可知代词this指代前文提到的“捐钱”这个行为，对应选项C。
38. 细节判断题：逐一核对选项：
A选项：原文第②段明确说明是每周给志愿者20英镑，持续四周，并非每天发放，表述错误；
B选项：原文仅说明把钱花在自己身上的志愿者幸福感低于捐钱的群体，并没有提及这类志愿者感到不开心，属于无中生有，表述错误；
C选项：原文第③段明确提到研究人员使用MRI机器观测志愿者的大脑活动，和原文表述完全一致，正确；
D选项：原文第⑤、⑥段都提到学习捐赠需要改变自身行为和消费习惯，选项表述和原文相悖，错误。
因此本题选C。
39. 主旨大意题：全文开篇就抛出核心观点“给予金钱而非赚钱、花钱能带来幸福”，后续通过瑞士的对照实验验证该观点，最后呼吁大众从小事做起践行给予，核心主旨是捐钱/给予金钱可以带来幸福，对应选项B。
40. 篇章结构题：逐段梳理段落功能：
第①段：总起全文，引出核心话题；
第②-④段：完整介绍实验的设置、开展过程、最终结论，属于同一个实验论述模块；
第⑤-⑥段：从实验延伸到日常生活，给出普通人践行给予的具体建议，点明捐赠的本质和意义，属于同一个延伸论述模块。
该逻辑完全对应选项D的结构。
【答案】
36.D 37.C 38.C 39.B 40.D
【知识点】
细节信息查找，代词指代判断，篇章结构梳理
【点评】
本题覆盖了阅读理解的经典核心题型，新增的篇章结构类新考法跳出了逐句阅读的惯性，引导学生从宏观层面把控全文行文逻辑，细节题的易错选项设置非常典型，能有效帮助学生规避偷换概念、过度解读等常见的阅读答题误区，整体对学生的文本理解能力考察全面。
【难度系数】
0.65
