一、阅读理解。
A
Nan Rendong was a famous Chinese scientist. He spent most of his life on one big dream that he would build a large radio telescope in China to look at the sky. He loved science at a young age and worked very hard on his lessons. After growing up, he became a scientist and kept studying the universe.
To make his dream come true, Nan Rendong did a lot of work. He visited many places in China to find the best place for the telescope. At last, he chose a quiet valley in Guizhou Province. The place was far from cities, so there was not much noise to stop the telescope from working. Nan Rendong and his team worked hard day and night. He often forgot to eat and rest when he was busy with work. He also helped his team solve many difficult problems. Everyone in the team respected him very much.
Building the telescope was not easy. It took more than 20 years. In 2016, the telescope named FAST was finished. It is one of the biggest radio telescopes in the world. But Nan Rendong left us forever in 2017. However, people will never forget him. His hard work and love for science always encourage us to go forward.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
()1. Where did Nan Rendong build the radio telescope FAST?
A. In a big city.
B. In a quiet valley in Guizhou Province.
C. Near his home.
D. On a high mountain.
()2. How long did it take to build the telescope FAST?
A. Less than 10 years.
B. About 15 years.
C. More than 20 years.
D. Over 30 years
()3. What can we learn about Nan Rendong from the passage?
A. He gave up his dream easily.
B. He only cared about his own health.
C. He didn't like working with his team.
D. He was hard-working and loved science.

1. B 2. C
3. D 由文中“worked hard day and night”, “forgot to eat and rest”, 和“loved science at a young age”, 能推断出他勤奋且热爱科学。

【分析】
做英语阅读理解题时，需先明确题干问题，带着问题定位原文关键信息，再对比选项选出答案。第1题考查望远镜建造地点，需定位选址相关内容；第2题考查建造时长，需定位时间描述；第3题考查人物品质，需结合行为描述推理判断。
【解析】
第1题：根据文中第二段“At last, he chose a quiet valley in Guizhou Province.”可知，FAST建在贵州省的一个安静山谷，对应选项B，A、C、D均与原文不符，故选B。
第2题：根据第三段“It took more than 20 years.”可知，建造耗时超过20年，对应选项C，A、B、D时间不符，故选C。
第3题：文中提到南仁东“worked very hard”“worked hard day and night”“loved science at a young age”，可推断他勤奋且热爱科学，对应选项D；A与“坚持建望远镜”矛盾，B与“忘记吃饭休息”矛盾，C与“帮助团队解决难题”矛盾，故选D。
【答案】
1.B 2.C 3.D
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解题、推理判断题
【点评】
本题是关于南仁东事迹的英语阅读理解题，考查学生定位原文信息和简单推理的能力，内容贴近人物事迹，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.7

B
Lin Zexu was a key figure in modern
Chinese history. He also cared a lot about his
family, especially his eldest son. When Lin
Zexu was far away from home for official work,
he wrote a family letter to his eldest son. He
had two main reasons for writing it. First, he
wanted to tell his son he was safe, so the family
would not worry. Second, he hoped to teach his
son important life lessons, as he couldn't stay
with him to guide him in person.
In the letter, Lin Zexu talked about how to
be a good person first. He told his son to be
honest to everyone and never tell lies. He also
said that a person should be hard-working, not
lazy. Even if life was easy and smooth, hard
work could bring more meaningful things.
He also wrote about how to treat others. He
asked his son to be kind to the old and help the
young. When meeting people with different
ideas, he should listen first instead of arguing
quickly. These small things, he said, could
make a person more popular and respected.
Finally, Lin Zexu hoped his son could
keep reading books every day. He said books
were the best teachers and could open people's
eyes. He told his son to learn from great people
in books and become a useful person for the
family and the country. This letter is not just a
family letter, but also a great lesson for all
of us.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
()4. Besides telling his son he was safe,
why did Lin Zexu write the family
letter to his eldest son?
A. He wanted to teach him lessons.
B. He wanted his son to find a job
for him.
C. He asked his son to come and
work with him.
D. He wanted his son to buy books
for the family.
()5. What did Lin Zexu tell his son to do
when meeting people with different
ideas?
A. To argue with them at once.
B. Not to care about their ideas.
C. To listen to them first.
D. Not to leave them quickly.
()6. What is the main idea of the third
paragraph?
A. How Lin Zexu asked his son to
treat others.
B. Why reading books is important
for everyone.
C. What Lin Zexu did for his family
and the country.
D. How to be an honest and hard-
working person.
()7. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Lin Zexu's great work in Chinese
history.
B. A family letter of Lin Zexu to his
eldest son.
C. How Lin Zexu became a great
man in China.
D. The family life of Lin Zexu and
his eldest son.
()8. We can infer from the passage that
Lin Zexu was a man who .
A. only cared about his official work
B. didn't have time to stay with
his family
C. was strict and loving to his son
D. liked writing letters more
than talking

4. A 5. C 6. A
7. B 文章第一段介绍林则徐给长子写家书的原因，第二、第三、第四段分别讲述家书的主要内容。
8. C

【分析】
本题为英语阅读理解题，需通过定位原文细节、概括段落/文章主旨、结合内容合理推断来解答各题：第4题需查找家书写作的两个原因，排除与原文不符的选项；第5题定位对待不同想法的人的具体做法；第6题分析第三段的核心内容；第7题梳理全文核心话题；第8题结合林则徐的行为推断其人物特点。
【解析】
4. 原文第一段明确提到林则徐写家书的两个原因：一是告知家人自己平安，二是教导儿子重要的人生课程，对应选项A，B、C、D均未提及，排除。
5. 原文第三段指出“when meeting people with different ideas, he should listen first instead of arguing quickly”，对应选项C，A与原文相反，B、D无依据，排除。
6. 第三段首句为“He also wrote about how to treat others.”，整段围绕林则徐教导儿子如何对待他人展开，对应选项A，B、C、D与段落核心不符，排除。
7. 全文围绕林则徐写给长子的家书展开，介绍了家书的写作原因及主要内容，对应选项B，A、C、D仅涉及部分内容，并非主旨，排除。
8. 林则徐既因公务离家时写信报平安、教导儿子（体现对家人的爱），又明确提出做人、待人、读书的严格要求，体现其对儿子既严格又慈爱，对应选项C，A与原文“cared a lot about his family”不符，B、D无依据，排除。
【答案】
4. A 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. C
【知识点】
细节理解题，主旨大意题，推理判断题
【点评】
本题考查英语阅读理解的核心能力，要求学生准确提取原文细节、概括主旨、合理推断人物特点，需仔细比对选项与原文信息，避免误判。
【难度系数】
0.5