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五、(2025·凉山改编)阅读理解。〔人与社会——社会与文化〕
Hi! I'm Li Hua and I live in China. I'd like to share some Chinese customs.
Chinese culture generally values personal space, so it's important to keep a little space for each other when meeting others. In fact, the Chinese didn't always shake hands in the past. They nodded or bowed gently to show respect. As the country gradually lets Western culture in, people are used to shaking hands, especially in business settings.
Many manners must be followed strictly at meals. In China, the elderly are always seated first, and then others take their seats. Chinese meals are often served in a family style; we place several dishes in the centre of the table for everyone to share. It's polite to take small parts from shared dishes rather than serve ourselves large parts. When drinking, we hold the glass or cup lower than another person's as a sign of respect. It's considered polite to finish our meal and leave a clean plate. Leaving food on our plates may be considered wasteful and disrespectful to the host.
The Chinese have the habit of sleeping anywhere at any time. People can easily accept the way to take breaks in the busy lives. It has nothing to do with laziness, but quite the opposite. Lately, a photo of a sleeping doctor in the corner of the operating room has spread widely online. The doctor must have put a lot of effort into his work, and it is right to take breaks for a while.
It's not proper for the Chinese to open gifts in front of the giver. Not only that, we always refuse gifts several times first before we accept them. And remember to receive the gift with two hands. While in Western countries, people want to open gifts at once, because they want to show their excitement and joy to the givers. So remember that culture and meaning are part of every action we take.
(
A. By nodding gently.
B. By bowing gently.
C. By shaking hands.
D. By kissing faces.
(
A. Taking breaks for a while in the busy lives.
B. Taking large parts instead of small parts from shared dishes.
C. Holding the glass higher than another person's when drinking.
D. Opening gifts as soon as possible.
(
A. Disabled.
B. Impolite.
C. Unlucky.
D. Uncomfortable.
Hi! I'm Li Hua and I live in China. I'd like to share some Chinese customs.
Chinese culture generally values personal space, so it's important to keep a little space for each other when meeting others. In fact, the Chinese didn't always shake hands in the past. They nodded or bowed gently to show respect. As the country gradually lets Western culture in, people are used to shaking hands, especially in business settings.
Many manners must be followed strictly at meals. In China, the elderly are always seated first, and then others take their seats. Chinese meals are often served in a family style; we place several dishes in the centre of the table for everyone to share. It's polite to take small parts from shared dishes rather than serve ourselves large parts. When drinking, we hold the glass or cup lower than another person's as a sign of respect. It's considered polite to finish our meal and leave a clean plate. Leaving food on our plates may be considered wasteful and disrespectful to the host.
The Chinese have the habit of sleeping anywhere at any time. People can easily accept the way to take breaks in the busy lives. It has nothing to do with laziness, but quite the opposite. Lately, a photo of a sleeping doctor in the corner of the operating room has spread widely online. The doctor must have put a lot of effort into his work, and it is right to take breaks for a while.
It's not proper for the Chinese to open gifts in front of the giver. Not only that, we always refuse gifts several times first before we accept them. And remember to receive the gift with two hands. While in Western countries, people want to open gifts at once, because they want to show their excitement and joy to the givers. So remember that culture and meaning are part of every action we take.
(
C
) 1. How are the Chinese used to showing respect when meeting others now?A. By nodding gently.
B. By bowing gently.
C. By shaking hands.
D. By kissing faces.
(
A
) 2. Which of the following belongs to Chinese customs?A. Taking breaks for a while in the busy lives.
B. Taking large parts instead of small parts from shared dishes.
C. Holding the glass higher than another person's when drinking.
D. Opening gifts as soon as possible.
(
B
) 3. What does the underlined word “disrespectful” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Disabled.
B. Impolite.
C. Unlucky.
D. Uncomfortable.
答案
1~3. CAB
解析
【分析】
解答本题需先通读全文理解主旨，再针对每个问题定位原文对应段落，结合细节信息、文化常识及词义猜测技巧逐一分析选项，选出正确答案。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据第二段最后一句“As the country gradually lets Western culture in, people are used to shaking hands, especially in business settings.”可知，现在中国人见面表示尊重的习惯是握手，故选C。
2. 细节理解题：A选项对应第四段“The Chinese have the habit of sleeping anywhere at any time. People can easily accept the way to take breaks in the busy lives.”，属于中国习俗；B选项与第三段“It's polite to take small parts from shared dishes”相悖；C选项与第三段“When drinking, we hold the glass or cup lower than another person's”相悖；D选项与第五段“It's not proper for the Chinese to open gifts in front of the giver”相悖，故选A。
3. 词义猜测题：第三段提到“it is right to finish our meal and leave a clean plate. Leaving food on our plates may be considered wasteful and disrespectful to the host.”，结合语境可知，剩下食物是浪费且对主人不礼貌的，故disrespectful意为“不礼貌的”，对应B选项。
【答案】
CAB
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解题、词义猜测题
【点评】
本题围绕中国文化习俗展开，考查细节定位和词义猜测能力，需学生准确提取原文信息，理解中西方文化差异，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
解答本题需先通读全文理解主旨，再针对每个问题定位原文对应段落，结合细节信息、文化常识及词义猜测技巧逐一分析选项，选出正确答案。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据第二段最后一句“As the country gradually lets Western culture in, people are used to shaking hands, especially in business settings.”可知，现在中国人见面表示尊重的习惯是握手，故选C。
2. 细节理解题：A选项对应第四段“The Chinese have the habit of sleeping anywhere at any time. People can easily accept the way to take breaks in the busy lives.”，属于中国习俗；B选项与第三段“It's polite to take small parts from shared dishes”相悖；C选项与第三段“When drinking, we hold the glass or cup lower than another person's”相悖；D选项与第五段“It's not proper for the Chinese to open gifts in front of the giver”相悖，故选A。
3. 词义猜测题：第三段提到“it is right to finish our meal and leave a clean plate. Leaving food on our plates may be considered wasteful and disrespectful to the host.”，结合语境可知，剩下食物是浪费且对主人不礼貌的，故disrespectful意为“不礼貌的”，对应B选项。
【答案】
CAB
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解题、词义猜测题
【点评】
本题围绕中国文化习俗展开，考查细节定位和词义猜测能力，需学生准确提取原文信息，理解中西方文化差异，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
