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二、阅读理解
The brush pen, one of the “Four Treasures of the Study”, was invented(发明) thousands of years ago. However, the oldest pen was just a stick or a piece of bamboo. It was difficult for people to write well on thin silk.
It is said that Meng Tian, a general(将军) of the State of Qin, improved(改进) the pen. When Meng was leading an army to fight against the State of Chu, he had to write reports to his king in time. But his pen was too hard and caused him much trouble, so he was thinking of ways to improve it.
One day after hunting, Meng made his way home with some wild rabbits on the horseback. Fat and heavy, one rabbit's tail left a long trail(痕迹) on the ground when it moved on. Suddenly a good idea came to his mind when he saw it, “If I tie the rabbit's hair to a stick, would it be easy to write with?”
On arriving home, he tied the rabbit's hair to a stick and tried writing with it. But the rabbit's hair was too smooth to write well and wasted a lot of silk. Meng was so disappointed(失望的) that he threw away his “invention” into a stone hole in the yard.
However, Meng never gave up and kept trying all the time. A few rainy days later, he happened to find his “invention” fatter in the stone hole. He picked it up with hope. The brush worked beautifully on silk. It turned out that the special water had cleaned the oil from the hair. Meng succeeded at last.
Thanks to Meng, the brush pen is playing a key role in Chinese culture. Today, students are taught to use the brush pens in school. It makes their life more colourful and helps them better understand Chinese culture.
(
A. Because the king asked him to do so.
B. Because he wanted to be an inventor.
C. Because he didn't have silk to write on.
D. Because the pen brought him much trouble.
(
a. The brush pen could write well.
b. Meng tied the rabbit's hair to a stick.
c. The special water washed the oil away.
d. Meng dropped the stick into a stone hole.
e. Meng came up with a new idea on the way home after hunting.
A. e—b—d—c—a
B. d—b—a—c—e
C. e—b—d—a—c
D. d—b—c—a—e
(
A. By learning to use brush pens.
B. By inventing new things.
C. By making pens with animals' hair.
D. By planting more bamboo.
(
A. Learn from animals.
B. Value wonderful memories.
C. Think twice before taking action.
D. Keep trying and never give up.
The brush pen, one of the “Four Treasures of the Study”, was invented(发明) thousands of years ago. However, the oldest pen was just a stick or a piece of bamboo. It was difficult for people to write well on thin silk.
It is said that Meng Tian, a general(将军) of the State of Qin, improved(改进) the pen. When Meng was leading an army to fight against the State of Chu, he had to write reports to his king in time. But his pen was too hard and caused him much trouble, so he was thinking of ways to improve it.
One day after hunting, Meng made his way home with some wild rabbits on the horseback. Fat and heavy, one rabbit's tail left a long trail(痕迹) on the ground when it moved on. Suddenly a good idea came to his mind when he saw it, “If I tie the rabbit's hair to a stick, would it be easy to write with?”
On arriving home, he tied the rabbit's hair to a stick and tried writing with it. But the rabbit's hair was too smooth to write well and wasted a lot of silk. Meng was so disappointed(失望的) that he threw away his “invention” into a stone hole in the yard.
However, Meng never gave up and kept trying all the time. A few rainy days later, he happened to find his “invention” fatter in the stone hole. He picked it up with hope. The brush worked beautifully on silk. It turned out that the special water had cleaned the oil from the hair. Meng succeeded at last.
Thanks to Meng, the brush pen is playing a key role in Chinese culture. Today, students are taught to use the brush pens in school. It makes their life more colourful and helps them better understand Chinese culture.
(
D
)1. Why did Meng Tian want to improve the pen?A. Because the king asked him to do so.
B. Because he wanted to be an inventor.
C. Because he didn't have silk to write on.
D. Because the pen brought him much trouble.
(
A
)2. Which is the RIGHT order of improving the brush pen?a. The brush pen could write well.
b. Meng tied the rabbit's hair to a stick.
c. The special water washed the oil away.
d. Meng dropped the stick into a stone hole.
e. Meng came up with a new idea on the way home after hunting.
A. e—b—d—c—a
B. d—b—a—c—e
C. e—b—d—a—c
D. d—b—c—a—e
(
A
)3. How can the students understand Chinese culture better according to the passage?A. By learning to use brush pens.
B. By inventing new things.
C. By making pens with animals' hair.
D. By planting more bamboo.
(
D
)4. What can we learn from the passage?A. Learn from animals.
B. Value wonderful memories.
C. Think twice before taking action.
D. Keep trying and never give up.
答案
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了蒙恬改进毛笔的经过以及毛笔在中国文化中的重要性。
1. D 细节理解题。根据“But his pen was too hard and caused him much trouble, so he was thinking of ways to improve it.”可知，蒙恬改进笔的原因是因为原来的笔给他带来了很多麻烦。故选 D。
2. A 事件排序题。根据文章内容可知，改进毛笔的顺序是：蒙恬在打猎回家的路上想到新主意（e）→他把兔毛绑在棍子上（b）→因不好用把它扔进院子的石洞里（d）→雨后石洞里特殊的水洗掉了兔毛上的油脂（c）→毛笔能很好地写字了（a）。故选 A。
3. A 细节理解题。根据“Today, students are taught to use the brush pens in school. It makes their life more colourful and helps them better understand Chinese culture.”可知，学生可以通过学会使用毛笔更好地理解中国文化。故选 A。
4. D 主旨大意题。根据“However, Meng never gave up and kept trying all the time.”以及整个故事的发展可知，我们可以从文章中学到的是：不断尝试，永不放弃。故选 D。
1. D 细节理解题。根据“But his pen was too hard and caused him much trouble, so he was thinking of ways to improve it.”可知，蒙恬改进笔的原因是因为原来的笔给他带来了很多麻烦。故选 D。
2. A 事件排序题。根据文章内容可知，改进毛笔的顺序是：蒙恬在打猎回家的路上想到新主意（e）→他把兔毛绑在棍子上（b）→因不好用把它扔进院子的石洞里（d）→雨后石洞里特殊的水洗掉了兔毛上的油脂（c）→毛笔能很好地写字了（a）。故选 A。
3. A 细节理解题。根据“Today, students are taught to use the brush pens in school. It makes their life more colourful and helps them better understand Chinese culture.”可知，学生可以通过学会使用毛笔更好地理解中国文化。故选 A。
4. D 主旨大意题。根据“However, Meng never gave up and kept trying all the time.”以及整个故事的发展可知，我们可以从文章中学到的是：不断尝试，永不放弃。故选 D。
解析
【分析】
拿到这篇记叙文阅读理解，我们可以先明确4道题的考点：第1、3题是细节理解题，第2题是事件排序题，第4题是主旨大意题。解题时首先针对细节题，划出题干的核心关键词，带着关键词回原文定位对应段落，找到原句后和选项逐一比对，排除无中生有、和原文描述不符的错误选项；做事件排序题时，可以先把所有事件对应的原文位置标记出来，先确定最先发生和最后发生的事件，快速排除不符合首尾顺序的错误选项，再验证剩余选项的中间顺序即可；主旨大意题需要通读全文梳理故事的完整脉络，提炼故事传递的核心道理，选出最贴合的选项。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：定位原文第二段最后一句"But his pen was too hard and caused him much trouble, so he was thinking of ways to improve it."，可知蒙恬想要改良毛笔的原因是旧笔给他带来了很多麻烦。选项A国王要求他改良、选项B他想成为发明家在原文中没有提及，选项C他没有可以书写的丝绸和原文描述矛盾，因此选D。
2. 事件排序题：梳理全文的事件先后顺序：①蒙恬打猎回家的路上想到把兔毛绑在棍子上做笔的新点子（e）→②他回家后把兔毛绑到了棍子上（b）→③试写发现兔毛太顺滑不好用，他失望地把这个半成品扔进了院子的石洞里（d）→④多日下雨后，石洞里的特殊水清洗掉了兔毛上的油脂（c）→⑤改良后的毛笔可以在丝绸上顺畅书写了（a），完整顺序为e—b—d—c—a，对应选项A，其余选项的首尾事件顺序均不符合原文逻辑，可以直接排除。
3. 细节理解题：定位原文最后一段"Today, students are taught to use the brush pens in school. It makes their life more colourful and helps them better understand Chinese culture."，句中的it指代的就是学习使用毛笔，可知学生可以通过学习使用毛笔更好地理解中国文化，其余选项发明新事物、用动物毛自制毛笔、种植更多竹子在原文中均没有相关表述，因此选A。
4. 主旨大意题：全文讲述了蒙恬改良毛笔时遇到失败也没有放弃，一直坚持尝试最终获得成功的故事，核心传递的道理是要不断尝试、永不放弃，其余选项向动物学习、珍惜美好回忆、行动前三思都和文章核心主旨不符，因此选D。
【答案】
1. D 2. A 3. A 4. D
【知识点】
细节信息查找，事件排序，主旨大意归纳
【点评】
这篇阅读选取了和中国传统文房四宝相关的蒙恬改良毛笔的故事，题目设置梯度合理，既考察学生快速定位原文信息的基础阅读能力，也引导学生体会故事传递的坚持不放弃的正向价值观，同时还能帮助学生了解相关的传统文化知识，适合初中阶段的学生用来巩固记叙文阅读的解题技巧。
【难度系数】
0.7
拿到这篇记叙文阅读理解，我们可以先明确4道题的考点：第1、3题是细节理解题，第2题是事件排序题，第4题是主旨大意题。解题时首先针对细节题，划出题干的核心关键词，带着关键词回原文定位对应段落，找到原句后和选项逐一比对，排除无中生有、和原文描述不符的错误选项；做事件排序题时，可以先把所有事件对应的原文位置标记出来，先确定最先发生和最后发生的事件，快速排除不符合首尾顺序的错误选项，再验证剩余选项的中间顺序即可；主旨大意题需要通读全文梳理故事的完整脉络，提炼故事传递的核心道理，选出最贴合的选项。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：定位原文第二段最后一句"But his pen was too hard and caused him much trouble, so he was thinking of ways to improve it."，可知蒙恬想要改良毛笔的原因是旧笔给他带来了很多麻烦。选项A国王要求他改良、选项B他想成为发明家在原文中没有提及，选项C他没有可以书写的丝绸和原文描述矛盾，因此选D。
2. 事件排序题：梳理全文的事件先后顺序：①蒙恬打猎回家的路上想到把兔毛绑在棍子上做笔的新点子（e）→②他回家后把兔毛绑到了棍子上（b）→③试写发现兔毛太顺滑不好用，他失望地把这个半成品扔进了院子的石洞里（d）→④多日下雨后，石洞里的特殊水清洗掉了兔毛上的油脂（c）→⑤改良后的毛笔可以在丝绸上顺畅书写了（a），完整顺序为e—b—d—c—a，对应选项A，其余选项的首尾事件顺序均不符合原文逻辑，可以直接排除。
3. 细节理解题：定位原文最后一段"Today, students are taught to use the brush pens in school. It makes their life more colourful and helps them better understand Chinese culture."，句中的it指代的就是学习使用毛笔，可知学生可以通过学习使用毛笔更好地理解中国文化，其余选项发明新事物、用动物毛自制毛笔、种植更多竹子在原文中均没有相关表述，因此选A。
4. 主旨大意题：全文讲述了蒙恬改良毛笔时遇到失败也没有放弃，一直坚持尝试最终获得成功的故事，核心传递的道理是要不断尝试、永不放弃，其余选项向动物学习、珍惜美好回忆、行动前三思都和文章核心主旨不符，因此选D。
【答案】
1. D 2. A 3. A 4. D
【知识点】
细节信息查找，事件排序，主旨大意归纳
【点评】
这篇阅读选取了和中国传统文房四宝相关的蒙恬改良毛笔的故事，题目设置梯度合理，既考察学生快速定位原文信息的基础阅读能力，也引导学生体会故事传递的坚持不放弃的正向价值观，同时还能帮助学生了解相关的传统文化知识，适合初中阶段的学生用来巩固记叙文阅读的解题技巧。
【难度系数】
0.7
