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四、阅读理解。
Right now, the biggest source of energy in the world is fossil fuel(化石燃料). Fossil fuels are oil, gas, and coal. More than 80 percent of the world's energy comes from fossil fuel. There are many problems with fossil fuel. One problem is that when fossil fuel is burned, it pollutes the air. Also, when we take fossil fuel from the Earth, we often cause a lot of harm. Another problem is that we're running out of it. ①
A big source of energy for many countries is nuclear power(核能). Many countries use nuclear power. A lot of ships also use it.
Nuclear power has some advantages. First of all, we can't run out of nuclear power. Nuclear power does not make the air dirty. Also, if a country has nuclear power, it doesn't need to buy as much oil from other countries. ②
However, there are also a lot of problems that come with nuclear power. For example, some nuclear accidents are very serious. In 1986, there was a nuclear accident in Russia. In the next 20 years, about 4,000 people got sick and died. In 2011, there was another very serious nuclear accident in Japan. That was several years ago, but Japan is still trying to clean up the nuclear waste from the accident. ③
Many people don't want nuclear power in their countries. They say that it's not safe. A lot of people in the United States, Russia, France, Japan, India, and many other countries want their countries to use safer and cleaner ways to get electricity. Sometimes they get together to show their strong disagreement about nuclear energy. ④
Many people hate nuclear energy, but more and more countries are using it. One reason for this is that the world is using more and more energy. We just don't have enough fossil fuel. However, if we use nuclear power, then we may have more serious problems in the future.
1. In the first paragraph, what does the underlined word "it" mean?
A. The country.
B. Nuclear power.
C. Fossil fuel.
D. The electricity.
2. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Nuclear power is a kind of fossil fuel.
B. There have been only two nuclear accidents by now.
C. Nuclear power is easy enough to make.
D. People may run out of fossil fuel one day.
3. The sentence "That's why we need new sources of energy. " would best be placed at
A. ①
B. ②
C. ③
D. ④
4. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. A safe source of energy?
B. The best energy source in the world!
C. Everyone loves nuclear power
D. We should only use fossil fuels
Right now, the biggest source of energy in the world is fossil fuel(化石燃料). Fossil fuels are oil, gas, and coal. More than 80 percent of the world's energy comes from fossil fuel. There are many problems with fossil fuel. One problem is that when fossil fuel is burned, it pollutes the air. Also, when we take fossil fuel from the Earth, we often cause a lot of harm. Another problem is that we're running out of it. ①
A big source of energy for many countries is nuclear power(核能). Many countries use nuclear power. A lot of ships also use it.
Nuclear power has some advantages. First of all, we can't run out of nuclear power. Nuclear power does not make the air dirty. Also, if a country has nuclear power, it doesn't need to buy as much oil from other countries. ②
However, there are also a lot of problems that come with nuclear power. For example, some nuclear accidents are very serious. In 1986, there was a nuclear accident in Russia. In the next 20 years, about 4,000 people got sick and died. In 2011, there was another very serious nuclear accident in Japan. That was several years ago, but Japan is still trying to clean up the nuclear waste from the accident. ③
Many people don't want nuclear power in their countries. They say that it's not safe. A lot of people in the United States, Russia, France, Japan, India, and many other countries want their countries to use safer and cleaner ways to get electricity. Sometimes they get together to show their strong disagreement about nuclear energy. ④
Many people hate nuclear energy, but more and more countries are using it. One reason for this is that the world is using more and more energy. We just don't have enough fossil fuel. However, if we use nuclear power, then we may have more serious problems in the future.
1. In the first paragraph, what does the underlined word "it" mean?
A. The country.
B. Nuclear power.
C. Fossil fuel.
D. The electricity.
2. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Nuclear power is a kind of fossil fuel.
B. There have been only two nuclear accidents by now.
C. Nuclear power is easy enough to make.
D. People may run out of fossil fuel one day.
3. The sentence "That's why we need new sources of energy. " would best be placed at
A
.A. ①
B. ②
C. ③
D. ④
4. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. A safe source of energy?
B. The best energy source in the world!
C. Everyone loves nuclear power
D. We should only use fossil fuels
答案
四、1~4. CDAA
解析
【分析】
这是一篇围绕能源利弊展开的说明文，4道题分别对应代词指代、细节理解、句子还原、主旨大意四类常规阅读题型，解题思路如下：
1. 代词指代题：定位划线词所在位置，往前梳理段落核心描述对象，结合上下文逻辑判断指代内容，排除无关选项。
2. 细节理解题：将每个选项逐一和原文内容比对，排除和原文表述矛盾的选项，选出符合原文逻辑的正确项。
3. 句子还原题：先理解待插入句子的含义，判断该句的前文必须是在阐述现有能源的弊端，梳理四处空白前后的逻辑衔接，找到最适配的位置。
4. 主旨大意题：通读全文，明确文章既介绍了核能的优势，也重点强调了核能的诸多安全隐患，全文围绕“核能是否是合适的替代能源”展开讨论，选出最贴合核心的标题。
【解析】
1. 第1题：第一段全程围绕化石燃料展开描述，先后介绍化石燃料占世界能源的80%以上，随后列举化石燃料的诸多问题，最后一句“Another problem is that we're running out of it”的it指代前文一直论述的核心对象化石燃料，对应选项C。
2. 第2题：逐一比对选项：A选项“核能是化石燃料的一种”，原文第一段明确化石燃料是石油、天然气、煤炭，第二段单独引出核能作为另一类能源，表述错误；B选项“到目前为止只有两起核事故”，原文仅举了俄罗斯和日本两起严重事故，不代表全球只有两起核事故，表述错误；C选项“核能很容易制造”，原文无相关表述；D选项“人们总有一天会耗尽化石燃料”，原文第一段明确提到化石燃料即将被耗尽，符合原文逻辑，选D。
3. 第3题：待插入句子“That's why we need new sources of energy.”的逻辑是前文阐述现有能源的种种弊端，引出需要新能源的结论。空白①位于第一段末尾，第一段刚讲完化石燃料污染环境、开采破坏生态、即将耗尽三大问题，之后第二段就引出核能这类新能源，逻辑完全衔接，放在①处最合适，选A。
4. 第4题：全文先介绍化石燃料的问题引出核能，既讲了核能的优势，又重点阐述了核能的安全隐患、民众的反对态度，全程围绕“核能是否是安全可靠的替代能源”展开讨论，A选项“A safe source of energy?”最贴合全文核心；B选项“核能是世界最好的能源”和原文表述相反；C选项“所有人都喜欢核能”和原文大量民众反对核能的内容矛盾；D选项“我们只应该用化石燃料”和原文化石燃料有诸多问题的表述矛盾，选A。
【答案】
1~4. CDAA
【知识点】
代词指代判断
细节信息查找
主旨大意归纳
【点评】
本题属于能源主题的说明类阅读，考点覆盖了初中英语阅读的核心常规题型，既考查学生准确定位原文信息的能力，也要求学生梳理全文行文逻辑，判断句间衔接关系，能帮助学生建立说明文阅读“先抓核心说明对象，再梳理利弊逻辑”的解题思路。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇围绕能源利弊展开的说明文，4道题分别对应代词指代、细节理解、句子还原、主旨大意四类常规阅读题型，解题思路如下：
1. 代词指代题：定位划线词所在位置，往前梳理段落核心描述对象，结合上下文逻辑判断指代内容，排除无关选项。
2. 细节理解题：将每个选项逐一和原文内容比对，排除和原文表述矛盾的选项，选出符合原文逻辑的正确项。
3. 句子还原题：先理解待插入句子的含义，判断该句的前文必须是在阐述现有能源的弊端，梳理四处空白前后的逻辑衔接，找到最适配的位置。
4. 主旨大意题：通读全文，明确文章既介绍了核能的优势，也重点强调了核能的诸多安全隐患，全文围绕“核能是否是合适的替代能源”展开讨论，选出最贴合核心的标题。
【解析】
1. 第1题：第一段全程围绕化石燃料展开描述，先后介绍化石燃料占世界能源的80%以上，随后列举化石燃料的诸多问题，最后一句“Another problem is that we're running out of it”的it指代前文一直论述的核心对象化石燃料，对应选项C。
2. 第2题：逐一比对选项：A选项“核能是化石燃料的一种”，原文第一段明确化石燃料是石油、天然气、煤炭，第二段单独引出核能作为另一类能源，表述错误；B选项“到目前为止只有两起核事故”，原文仅举了俄罗斯和日本两起严重事故，不代表全球只有两起核事故，表述错误；C选项“核能很容易制造”，原文无相关表述；D选项“人们总有一天会耗尽化石燃料”，原文第一段明确提到化石燃料即将被耗尽，符合原文逻辑，选D。
3. 第3题：待插入句子“That's why we need new sources of energy.”的逻辑是前文阐述现有能源的种种弊端，引出需要新能源的结论。空白①位于第一段末尾，第一段刚讲完化石燃料污染环境、开采破坏生态、即将耗尽三大问题，之后第二段就引出核能这类新能源，逻辑完全衔接，放在①处最合适，选A。
4. 第4题：全文先介绍化石燃料的问题引出核能，既讲了核能的优势，又重点阐述了核能的安全隐患、民众的反对态度，全程围绕“核能是否是安全可靠的替代能源”展开讨论，A选项“A safe source of energy?”最贴合全文核心；B选项“核能是世界最好的能源”和原文表述相反；C选项“所有人都喜欢核能”和原文大量民众反对核能的内容矛盾；D选项“我们只应该用化石燃料”和原文化石燃料有诸多问题的表述矛盾，选A。
【答案】
1~4. CDAA
【知识点】
代词指代判断
细节信息查找
主旨大意归纳
【点评】
本题属于能源主题的说明类阅读，考点覆盖了初中英语阅读的核心常规题型，既考查学生准确定位原文信息的能力，也要求学生梳理全文行文逻辑，判断句间衔接关系，能帮助学生建立说明文阅读“先抓核心说明对象，再梳理利弊逻辑”的解题思路。
【难度系数】
0.7
