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二、小语篇专练（完形填空）
In the world of science, there are always people who are really interested in finding out new things. Galilei was one of these amazing people.
Galilei was a great in science. He was very about the universe. He spent many years looking at the stars through his telescope（望远镜）. He wanted to know more about what was out there in space.
Even though he faced a lot of difficulties along the way, he didn’t . He kept his ideas. His work wasn’t just a simple . It was a big step forward in helping people understand the world in a new way. His love for science made him ready to take risks and question（质疑）the old-fashioned views. What a brave man!
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In the world of science, there are always people who are really interested in finding out new things. Galilei was one of these amazing people.
Galilei was a great in science. He was very about the universe. He spent many years looking at the stars through his telescope（望远镜）. He wanted to know more about what was out there in space.
Even though he faced a lot of difficulties along the way, he didn’t . He kept his ideas. His work wasn’t just a simple . It was a big step forward in helping people understand the world in a new way. His love for science made him ready to take risks and question（质疑）the old-fashioned views. What a brave man!
(
A
)6. A. pioneer B. artist C. writer D. student(
B
)7. A. angry B. curious C. nervous D. worried(
A
)8. A. give up B. take up C. show up D. look up(
B
)9. A. weighing B. testing C. choosing D. changing(
D
)10. A. failure B. decision C. exploration D. experiment答案
6. A 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. D
解析
【分析】
首先通读全文，明确文章围绕伽利略的科学探索展开，讲述他作为科学领域的先驱，对宇宙充满好奇，面对困难不放弃，坚持验证想法，其工作是推动人们理解世界的重要实验。再逐个分析题目：
第6题需选符合伽利略身份的名词，结合语境可知他是科学先驱；第7题考查固定搭配及语境，对应对宇宙的好奇；第8题结合“遇到困难”的语境，选“不放弃”的短语；第9题结合科学探索行为，选“验证想法”的动词；第10题结合语境，选符合他工作性质的名词。
【解析】
6. 考查名词词义辨析。A. pioneer（先驱）；B. artist（艺术家）；C. writer（作家）；D. student（学生）。根据前文“amazing people”及伽利略在科学领域的贡献，他是科学领域的先驱，故选A。
7. 考查形容词词义辨析及固定搭配。A. angry（生气的）；B. curious（好奇的）；C. nervous（紧张的）；D. worried（担心的）。固定搭配“be curious about”意为“对……好奇”，结合后文他用望远镜观测星星的行为，可知他对宇宙充满好奇，故选B。
8. 考查动词短语辨析。A. give up（放弃）；B. take up（开始从事）；C. show up（出现）；D. look up（查阅）。根据“Even though he faced a lot of difficulties along the way”，可知他没有放弃，故选A。
9. 考查动词词义辨析。A. weighing（称重）；B. testing（测试，验证）；C. choosing（选择）；D. changing（改变）。结合科学探索的语境，他坚持验证自己的想法，testing符合文意，故选B。
10. 考查名词词义辨析。A. failure（失败）；B. decision（决定）；C. exploration（探索）；D. experiment（实验）。根据后文“it was a big step forward in helping people understand the world”，可知他的工作不是简单的实验，experiment符合，故选D。
【答案】
6.A 7.B 8.A 9.B 10.D
【知识点】
完形填空、词汇辨析、固定搭配
【点评】
本题为围绕科学家伽利略的完形填空题，侧重考查学生对词汇词义、固定搭配及上下文语境的理解，是初中阶段常见的基础题型，整体难度适中，需结合语境分析选项。
【难度系数】
0.7
首先通读全文，明确文章围绕伽利略的科学探索展开，讲述他作为科学领域的先驱，对宇宙充满好奇，面对困难不放弃，坚持验证想法，其工作是推动人们理解世界的重要实验。再逐个分析题目：
第6题需选符合伽利略身份的名词，结合语境可知他是科学先驱；第7题考查固定搭配及语境，对应对宇宙的好奇；第8题结合“遇到困难”的语境，选“不放弃”的短语；第9题结合科学探索行为，选“验证想法”的动词；第10题结合语境，选符合他工作性质的名词。
【解析】
6. 考查名词词义辨析。A. pioneer（先驱）；B. artist（艺术家）；C. writer（作家）；D. student（学生）。根据前文“amazing people”及伽利略在科学领域的贡献，他是科学领域的先驱，故选A。
7. 考查形容词词义辨析及固定搭配。A. angry（生气的）；B. curious（好奇的）；C. nervous（紧张的）；D. worried（担心的）。固定搭配“be curious about”意为“对……好奇”，结合后文他用望远镜观测星星的行为，可知他对宇宙充满好奇，故选B。
8. 考查动词短语辨析。A. give up（放弃）；B. take up（开始从事）；C. show up（出现）；D. look up（查阅）。根据“Even though he faced a lot of difficulties along the way”，可知他没有放弃，故选A。
9. 考查动词词义辨析。A. weighing（称重）；B. testing（测试，验证）；C. choosing（选择）；D. changing（改变）。结合科学探索的语境，他坚持验证自己的想法，testing符合文意，故选B。
10. 考查名词词义辨析。A. failure（失败）；B. decision（决定）；C. exploration（探索）；D. experiment（实验）。根据后文“it was a big step forward in helping people understand the world”，可知他的工作不是简单的实验，experiment符合，故选D。
【答案】
6.A 7.B 8.A 9.B 10.D
【知识点】
完形填空、词汇辨析、固定搭配
【点评】
本题为围绕科学家伽利略的完形填空题，侧重考查学生对词汇词义、固定搭配及上下文语境的理解，是初中阶段常见的基础题型，整体难度适中，需结合语境分析选项。
【难度系数】
0.7
三、回答问题
请阅读下面短文，根据所提供的信息，回答五个问题，并将答案写在横线上。要求所写答案语法正确、信息完整切题。
Scientists from China’s Shanghai Jiao Tong University are developing a robot “guide dog” to help blind people. With the help of cameras and AI, the robot dog can see, listen and speak with blind people. Blind people can also use a cane（手杖）to control the robot’s walking and running speed. The robot can even recognise traffic lights—real guide dogs are unable to do that.
The robot dog is about the size of an English bulldog（斗牛犬）but a little wider. It has six legs instead of four. The other two legs make it more steady（稳定的）and help it move faster.
41-year-old Li Fei and 42-year-old Zhu Sibin are helping test the robot. Li is totally blind and Zhu can only see a little. “The robot dog will make it easier to get into public places. It could change our lives in the near future,” Li said.
In China, there are about 17.31 million blind people, but there are only about 400 guide dogs. The new robot is trying to solve this problem. “We believe our robot will act as ‘a pair of eyes’ for blind people,” said Professor Gao Feng, one of the scientists. He thinks there could be a large market for these robot dogs.
11. How can the robot dog see, listen and speak with blind people?
12. Does the robot dog have four or six legs?
13. Do you agree with Li Fei’s opinion on the robot dog’s influence? Why or why not?
14. How many guide dogs are there in China?
15. What will the new robot act as for blind people according to Professor Gao Feng?
请阅读下面短文，根据所提供的信息，回答五个问题，并将答案写在横线上。要求所写答案语法正确、信息完整切题。
Scientists from China’s Shanghai Jiao Tong University are developing a robot “guide dog” to help blind people. With the help of cameras and AI, the robot dog can see, listen and speak with blind people. Blind people can also use a cane（手杖）to control the robot’s walking and running speed. The robot can even recognise traffic lights—real guide dogs are unable to do that.
The robot dog is about the size of an English bulldog（斗牛犬）but a little wider. It has six legs instead of four. The other two legs make it more steady（稳定的）and help it move faster.
41-year-old Li Fei and 42-year-old Zhu Sibin are helping test the robot. Li is totally blind and Zhu can only see a little. “The robot dog will make it easier to get into public places. It could change our lives in the near future,” Li said.
In China, there are about 17.31 million blind people, but there are only about 400 guide dogs. The new robot is trying to solve this problem. “We believe our robot will act as ‘a pair of eyes’ for blind people,” said Professor Gao Feng, one of the scientists. He thinks there could be a large market for these robot dogs.
11. How can the robot dog see, listen and speak with blind people?
With the help of cameras and AI.
12. Does the robot dog have four or six legs?
It has six legs. / Six.
13. Do you agree with Li Fei’s opinion on the robot dog’s influence? Why or why not?
Yes, I do. Because nowadays lots of technology can solve people's most difficulties in daily life easily. (答案合理即可)
14. How many guide dogs are there in China?
There are about 400 guide dogs in China. / About 400.
15. What will the new robot act as for blind people according to Professor Gao Feng?
It will act as "a pair of eyes" for blind people. / "A pair of eyes".
答案
11. The robot dog / It can see, listen and speak with blind people with the help of cameras and AI. / With the help of cameras and AI. 12. The robot dog / It has six legs. / Six. 13. Yes, I do. Because nowadays lots of technology can solve people's most difficulties in daily life easily.（答案合理即可）14. There are about 400 guide dogs in China. / About 400. 15. The new robot / It will act as "a pair of eyes" for blind people. / "A pair of eyes".
解析
【分析】
本题为根据短文内容回答问题的题型，需先定位每个问题对应的原文段落，提取关键信息作答；特殊疑问句需准确对应原文表述，一般疑问句先明确回答Yes/No，主观观点类问题需结合短文内容给出合理理由，确保答案语法正确、信息完整。
【解析】
11题：根据短文第一段第二句“With the help of cameras and AI, the robot dog can see, listen and speak with blind people.”，可提取关键信息作答；
12题：根据短文第二段第二句“It has six legs instead of four.”，可明确腿的数量；
13题：主观观点类问题，结合短文提到机器人能帮助盲人出行、改变生活，同意其观点，理由合理即可；
14题：根据短文第四段第一句“there are only about 400 guide dogs.”，可提取导盲犬数量；
15题：根据短文第四段Gao Feng教授的表述“We believe our robot will act as ‘a pair of eyes’ for blind people.”，可提取机器人的作用。
【答案】
11. With the help of cameras and AI. 12. It has six legs. 13. Yes, I do. Because it can help blind people move more easily in public places.（答案合理即可）14. About 400. 15. A pair of eyes.
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节信息查找、观点表达
【点评】
本题考查学生对短文信息的定位提取能力及简单观点表达能力，整体难度适中，主观题需结合短文内容合理作答。
【难度系数】
0.7
本题为根据短文内容回答问题的题型，需先定位每个问题对应的原文段落，提取关键信息作答；特殊疑问句需准确对应原文表述，一般疑问句先明确回答Yes/No，主观观点类问题需结合短文内容给出合理理由，确保答案语法正确、信息完整。
【解析】
11题：根据短文第一段第二句“With the help of cameras and AI, the robot dog can see, listen and speak with blind people.”，可提取关键信息作答；
12题：根据短文第二段第二句“It has six legs instead of four.”，可明确腿的数量；
13题：主观观点类问题，结合短文提到机器人能帮助盲人出行、改变生活，同意其观点，理由合理即可；
14题：根据短文第四段第一句“there are only about 400 guide dogs.”，可提取导盲犬数量；
15题：根据短文第四段Gao Feng教授的表述“We believe our robot will act as ‘a pair of eyes’ for blind people.”，可提取机器人的作用。
【答案】
11. With the help of cameras and AI. 12. It has six legs. 13. Yes, I do. Because it can help blind people move more easily in public places.（答案合理即可）14. About 400. 15. A pair of eyes.
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节信息查找、观点表达
【点评】
本题考查学生对短文信息的定位提取能力及简单观点表达能力，整体难度适中，主观题需结合短文内容合理作答。
【难度系数】
0.7
