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二、阅读理解
Before air conditioning was made, people in southern China used something called a “sky well” (or “tian jing”) to keep their homes cool. Sky wells were a common feature in traditional homes, dating back to the Ming and Qing dynasties (朝代). A sky well is usually found in the centre of a house, surrounded by rooms on three or four sides. It creates a space between the indoors and the outdoors, helping to control the temperature inside.
Sky wells were specifically designed to cool down houses. When wind blew over the top of a house with a sky well, the cooler outdoor air could enter the home through the sky well’s open top. As the air moved down the walls, it replaced the warmer air inside. Even without wind, the difference in temperature between the top and bottom of the sky well helped air to keep moving. Another way sky wells cooled homes was through the evaporation (蒸发) of water.
These days, fewer people live in homes with sky wells, but some modern designers are looking at how sky wells could help make new buildings cooler and more energy-efficient. For example, the National Heavy Vehicle Engineering Technology Research Centre in Jinan, finished in 2022, uses a large sky well in the middle of the building. This helps improve (改善) air flow and lighting inside, reducing the building’s need for air conditioning and electricity.
▲ For one, sky wells depend a lot on natural conditions, like how much sunlight or rain an area gets. Designers need to think carefully about these things when planning a building. Also, people don’t always think about how much energy they are using. So while sky wells offer “green” ideas from the past, we need to be smart about how we use them in today’s world.
(
A. Work in the way you want it to.
B. Make something still in this area.
C. Change from one to another.
D. Decide how something will look like.
(
A. By comparing (比较) opinions.
B. By listing numbers.
C. By giving examples.
D. By asking questions.
(
A. Moreover, using sky wells could be more friendly to nature.
B. Because of its long history, now people don’t use sky wells anymore.
C. However, it’s difficult to use sky wells in modern buildings.
D. But today fewer and fewer people live in sky well houses.
(
A. Sky Wells: A Traditional Design to Be Protected
B. Sky Wells: Ancient Wisdom for Modern Times
C. Sky Wells: A Green Structure (结构) to Be Improved
D. Sky Wells: Modern Technology for City Lives
Before air conditioning was made, people in southern China used something called a “sky well” (or “tian jing”) to keep their homes cool. Sky wells were a common feature in traditional homes, dating back to the Ming and Qing dynasties (朝代). A sky well is usually found in the centre of a house, surrounded by rooms on three or four sides. It creates a space between the indoors and the outdoors, helping to control the temperature inside.
Sky wells were specifically designed to cool down houses. When wind blew over the top of a house with a sky well, the cooler outdoor air could enter the home through the sky well’s open top. As the air moved down the walls, it replaced the warmer air inside. Even without wind, the difference in temperature between the top and bottom of the sky well helped air to keep moving. Another way sky wells cooled homes was through the evaporation (蒸发) of water.
These days, fewer people live in homes with sky wells, but some modern designers are looking at how sky wells could help make new buildings cooler and more energy-efficient. For example, the National Heavy Vehicle Engineering Technology Research Centre in Jinan, finished in 2022, uses a large sky well in the middle of the building. This helps improve (改善) air flow and lighting inside, reducing the building’s need for air conditioning and electricity.
▲ For one, sky wells depend a lot on natural conditions, like how much sunlight or rain an area gets. Designers need to think carefully about these things when planning a building. Also, people don’t always think about how much energy they are using. So while sky wells offer “green” ideas from the past, we need to be smart about how we use them in today’s world.
(
A
)1. What does the underlined word “control” mean in Paragraph 1 in English?A. Work in the way you want it to.
B. Make something still in this area.
C. Change from one to another.
D. Decide how something will look like.
(
C
)2. How does the writer introduce the sky wells used in modern cities?A. By comparing (比较) opinions.
B. By listing numbers.
C. By giving examples.
D. By asking questions.
(
C
)3. Which sentence should be put into the “▲” in the last paragraph?A. Moreover, using sky wells could be more friendly to nature.
B. Because of its long history, now people don’t use sky wells anymore.
C. However, it’s difficult to use sky wells in modern buildings.
D. But today fewer and fewer people live in sky well houses.
(
B
)4. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. Sky Wells: A Traditional Design to Be Protected
B. Sky Wells: Ancient Wisdom for Modern Times
C. Sky Wells: A Green Structure (结构) to Be Improved
D. Sky Wells: Modern Technology for City Lives
答案
1~4 ACCB
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国古代的天井如何让住宅保持凉爽以及将天井引入现代建筑中的创造性运用，但将其引入现代设计中仍存在一些挑战。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国古代的天井如何让住宅保持凉爽以及将天井引入现代建筑中的创造性运用，但将其引入现代设计中仍存在一些挑战。
解析
【分析】
1. 第1题是词义猜测题，需定位原文中“control”所在句子，结合上下文语境判断词义，再匹配选项；
2. 第2题考查写作手法，需分析第三段介绍现代天井应用的方式，判断具体写作手法；
3. 第3题是句子还原题，需结合空格前后的逻辑关系（前文讲现代用天井的尝试，后文讲依赖自然条件的问题），选择承上启下的句子；
4. 第4题为主旨大意题，需梳理全文内容：介绍古代天井的作用，再讲其在现代建筑中的应用及挑战，据此选择最贴合的标题。
【解析】
1. 第1题：定位第一段最后一句“It creates a space between the indoors and the outdoors, helping to control the temperature inside.”，天井的作用是调节室内温度，“control”意为“控制、调节”。选项A“按想要的方式运作”符合语境；B“使某物静止”、C“从一种转换到另一种”、D“决定某物的外观”均不符合，故选A。
2. 第2题：第三段介绍现代建筑使用天井时，举了“济南的国家重型车辆工程技术研究中心”的例子，说明天井在现代的应用，属于举例子的写作手法，故选C。
3. 第3题：空格前讲现代设计师尝试用天井，空格后讲天井依赖自然条件、需谨慎考虑，逻辑为转折，说明现代使用天井存在困难。选项C“然而，在现代建筑中使用天井是困难的”承上启下，符合逻辑；A表递进，B、D与后文逻辑不符，故选C。
4. 第4题：全文先介绍古代天井的功能，再讲述其在现代建筑中的创造性应用，核心是古代智慧在现代的运用。选项A侧重保护，C侧重改进，D侧重现代技术，均偏离；B“天井：适用于现代的古代智慧”贴合主旨，故选B。
【答案】
1~4 ACCB
【知识点】
词义猜测题、阅读理解写作手法、阅读理解主旨大意
【点评】
本文围绕传统天井的古今应用展开，考查学生对词义、写作手法、句子逻辑及文章主旨的理解，需学生精准定位原文信息，分析上下文逻辑关系，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.5
1. 第1题是词义猜测题，需定位原文中“control”所在句子，结合上下文语境判断词义，再匹配选项；
2. 第2题考查写作手法，需分析第三段介绍现代天井应用的方式，判断具体写作手法；
3. 第3题是句子还原题，需结合空格前后的逻辑关系（前文讲现代用天井的尝试，后文讲依赖自然条件的问题），选择承上启下的句子；
4. 第4题为主旨大意题，需梳理全文内容：介绍古代天井的作用，再讲其在现代建筑中的应用及挑战，据此选择最贴合的标题。
【解析】
1. 第1题：定位第一段最后一句“It creates a space between the indoors and the outdoors, helping to control the temperature inside.”，天井的作用是调节室内温度，“control”意为“控制、调节”。选项A“按想要的方式运作”符合语境；B“使某物静止”、C“从一种转换到另一种”、D“决定某物的外观”均不符合，故选A。
2. 第2题：第三段介绍现代建筑使用天井时，举了“济南的国家重型车辆工程技术研究中心”的例子，说明天井在现代的应用，属于举例子的写作手法，故选C。
3. 第3题：空格前讲现代设计师尝试用天井，空格后讲天井依赖自然条件、需谨慎考虑，逻辑为转折，说明现代使用天井存在困难。选项C“然而，在现代建筑中使用天井是困难的”承上启下，符合逻辑；A表递进，B、D与后文逻辑不符，故选C。
4. 第4题：全文先介绍古代天井的功能，再讲述其在现代建筑中的创造性应用，核心是古代智慧在现代的运用。选项A侧重保护，C侧重改进，D侧重现代技术，均偏离；B“天井：适用于现代的古代智慧”贴合主旨，故选B。
【答案】
1~4 ACCB
【知识点】
词义猜测题、阅读理解写作手法、阅读理解主旨大意
【点评】
本文围绕传统天井的古今应用展开，考查学生对词义、写作手法、句子逻辑及文章主旨的理解，需学生精准定位原文信息，分析上下文逻辑关系，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.5
