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Ⅱ. 任务型阅读。
Geography is the scientific study of the earth's surface, physical features and so on. Let's read this passage to discover more about the world.
Deserts are places that humans usually dislike. They are large areas of land that can not receive a lot of rainfall. Deserts have one thing in common: They usually have less than 10 inches of rainfall per year. They can be very hot during the day, and very cold at night.
Mountains are very tall landforms (地形). They are larger than hills, usually more than 600 metres high. 20% of the earth's surface is covered by mountains. Mountains are home to different types of plants, animals and even people. The higher you go up the mountain, the colder the temperature becomes. The air at the top of a mountain is thin, so sunlight gets through very easily. This means that even if you feel cold, you can get sunburnt quickly.
Valleys are areas of low land between hills or mountains. Some valleys are V-shaped, and some are U-shaped. Many people live in valleys, because they have a comfortable temperature and may have rivers flowing through them. River valleys are attractive to humans as they provide good water for drinking and farming.
Plains(平原) are large, flat areas of land. Since flat land is easy to build on, many cities are on plains. Many plants can grow on plains as well. Some plains are by oceans, and some are by rivers. Plains by rivers are especially good for growing crops(农作物).
6. What do deserts have in common?
7. Why can you get sunburnt quickly on the top of the mountain?
8. Where do valleys lie?
9. What are plains?
10. According to the passage, what are good for farming?
Geography is the scientific study of the earth's surface, physical features and so on. Let's read this passage to discover more about the world.
Deserts are places that humans usually dislike. They are large areas of land that can not receive a lot of rainfall. Deserts have one thing in common: They usually have less than 10 inches of rainfall per year. They can be very hot during the day, and very cold at night.
Mountains are very tall landforms (地形). They are larger than hills, usually more than 600 metres high. 20% of the earth's surface is covered by mountains. Mountains are home to different types of plants, animals and even people. The higher you go up the mountain, the colder the temperature becomes. The air at the top of a mountain is thin, so sunlight gets through very easily. This means that even if you feel cold, you can get sunburnt quickly.
Valleys are areas of low land between hills or mountains. Some valleys are V-shaped, and some are U-shaped. Many people live in valleys, because they have a comfortable temperature and may have rivers flowing through them. River valleys are attractive to humans as they provide good water for drinking and farming.
Plains(平原) are large, flat areas of land. Since flat land is easy to build on, many cities are on plains. Many plants can grow on plains as well. Some plains are by oceans, and some are by rivers. Plains by rivers are especially good for growing crops(农作物).
6. What do deserts have in common?
They usually have less than 10 inches of rainfall per year.
7. Why can you get sunburnt quickly on the top of the mountain?
Because the sunlight can get through thin air easily.
8. Where do valleys lie?
Valleys lie between hills or mountains.
9. What are plains?
They are large and flat areas of land.
10. According to the passage, what are good for farming?
River valleys and plains by rivers are good for farming.
答案
6. They usually have less than 10 inches of rainfall per year.
7. Because the sunlight can get through thin air easily.
8. Valleys lie between hills or mountains.
9. They are large and flat areas of land.
10. River valleys and plains by rivers are good for farming.
7. Because the sunlight can get through thin air easily.
8. Valleys lie between hills or mountains.
9. They are large and flat areas of land.
10. River valleys and plains by rivers are good for farming.
解析
【分析】
做任务型阅读的细节题时，首先要划出题干中的关键词，再带着关键词回到原文对应段落定位，找到关键词所在的句子后，提取与问题匹配的原文信息，注意不要自行改写，确保答案与原文一致。
【解析】
6. 定位到原文Deserts段落，找到描述沙漠共同点的句子：“They usually have less than 10 inches of rainfall per year.”，即为答案。
7. 定位到原文Mountains段落，找到山顶易晒伤的原因句：“The air at the top of a mountain is thin, so sunlight gets through very easily.”，整理为符合要求的答案。
8. 定位到原文Valleys段落第一句：“Valleys are areas of low land between hills or mountains.”，提取核心信息即为答案。
9. 定位到原文Plains段落第一句：“Plains are large, flat areas of land.”，提取核心信息即为答案。
10. 定位到原文Valleys段落（提到河谷提供好的水用于农业）和Plains段落（提到河边平原适合种庄稼），整合两处信息即为答案。
【答案】
6. They usually have less than 10 inches of rainfall per year.
7. Because the sunlight can get through thin air easily.
8. Valleys lie between hills or mountains.
9. They are large and flat areas of land.
10. River valleys and plains by rivers are good for farming.
【知识点】
任务型阅读、细节理解题
【点评】
本题为任务型阅读中的基础细节查找题，所有答案均来自原文原句，主要考查学生的信息定位与提取能力，难度较低。
【难度系数】
0.9
做任务型阅读的细节题时，首先要划出题干中的关键词，再带着关键词回到原文对应段落定位，找到关键词所在的句子后，提取与问题匹配的原文信息，注意不要自行改写，确保答案与原文一致。
【解析】
6. 定位到原文Deserts段落，找到描述沙漠共同点的句子：“They usually have less than 10 inches of rainfall per year.”，即为答案。
7. 定位到原文Mountains段落，找到山顶易晒伤的原因句：“The air at the top of a mountain is thin, so sunlight gets through very easily.”，整理为符合要求的答案。
8. 定位到原文Valleys段落第一句：“Valleys are areas of low land between hills or mountains.”，提取核心信息即为答案。
9. 定位到原文Plains段落第一句：“Plains are large, flat areas of land.”，提取核心信息即为答案。
10. 定位到原文Valleys段落（提到河谷提供好的水用于农业）和Plains段落（提到河边平原适合种庄稼），整合两处信息即为答案。
【答案】
6. They usually have less than 10 inches of rainfall per year.
7. Because the sunlight can get through thin air easily.
8. Valleys lie between hills or mountains.
9. They are large and flat areas of land.
10. River valleys and plains by rivers are good for farming.
【知识点】
任务型阅读、细节理解题
【点评】
本题为任务型阅读中的基础细节查找题，所有答案均来自原文原句，主要考查学生的信息定位与提取能力，难度较低。
【难度系数】
0.9
根据汉语意思完成英语句子。每空一词(含缩写词)。
1. 虽然做饭对我来说很难，但我决定这个周末试一试。
Though cooking is hard for me, I decide to
2. 天气好的时候，我们通常会去乡下游玩。
We usually
3. 我们应当不惜一切代价保护这些自然景观，防止其受到污染和破坏。
We should protect these natural wonders
4. 了解这些细微的差别有助于世界各地的人们更好地相处。
Understanding these small differences helps people from all over the world
5. 令人惊讶的是，哪怕只是一个小小的承诺，也能真正对孩子的一生产生重大影响。
It's amazing that even a small promise can truly
1. 虽然做饭对我来说很难，但我决定这个周末试一试。
Though cooking is hard for me, I decide to
give
it
a
go
this weekend.2. 天气好的时候，我们通常会去乡下游玩。
We usually
go
on
an
outing
to the countryside when the weather is nice.3. 我们应当不惜一切代价保护这些自然景观，防止其受到污染和破坏。
We should protect these natural wonders
at
all
costs
from pollution and damage.4. 了解这些细微的差别有助于世界各地的人们更好地相处。
Understanding these small differences helps people from all over the world
get
along
better.5. 令人惊讶的是，哪怕只是一个小小的承诺，也能真正对孩子的一生产生重大影响。
It's amazing that even a small promise can truly
make
a
difference
in a child's life.答案
1. give it a go
2. go on an outing
3. at all costs
4. get along
5. make a difference
2. go on an outing
3. at all costs
4. get along
5. make a difference
解析
【分析】
要完成句子需结合汉语意思匹配对应的英语固定短语，同时注意语法要求：如decide to后接动词原形、一般现在时主语为we时动词用原形、情态动词can后接动词原形、help sb do sth结构等。逐句分析：1. “试一试”对应固定短语give it a go，符合decide to do结构；2. “去乡下游玩”对应go on an outing，结合usually用一般现在时；3. “不惜一切代价”是固定短语at all costs；4. “相处”对应get along，符合help sb do sth；5. “产生重大影响”对应make a difference，符合can后接动词原形的要求。
【解析】
1. 汉语“试一试”对应固定短语give it a go，decide to后接动词原形，故填give it a go；
2. 汉语“去乡下游玩”对应固定短语go on an outing，由usually可知用一般现在时，主语we后用动词原形，故填go on an outing；
3. 汉语“不惜一切代价”对应固定短语at all costs，为固定介词短语，故填at all costs；
4. 汉语“相处”对应固定短语get along，help sb do sth结构中用动词原形，故填get along；
5. 汉语“产生重大影响”对应固定短语make a difference，情态动词can后接动词原形，故填make a difference。
【答案】
1. give it a go
2. go on an outing
3. at all costs
4. get along
5. make a difference
【知识点】
固定短语搭配；动词形式运用；一般现在时用法
【点评】
本题考查英语常用固定短语的掌握及语法结构的运用，需学生积累常见动词短语、介词短语，结合语境和语法规则填写，难度适中，属于基础题型。
【难度系数】
0.6
要完成句子需结合汉语意思匹配对应的英语固定短语，同时注意语法要求：如decide to后接动词原形、一般现在时主语为we时动词用原形、情态动词can后接动词原形、help sb do sth结构等。逐句分析：1. “试一试”对应固定短语give it a go，符合decide to do结构；2. “去乡下游玩”对应go on an outing，结合usually用一般现在时；3. “不惜一切代价”是固定短语at all costs；4. “相处”对应get along，符合help sb do sth；5. “产生重大影响”对应make a difference，符合can后接动词原形的要求。
【解析】
1. 汉语“试一试”对应固定短语give it a go，decide to后接动词原形，故填give it a go；
2. 汉语“去乡下游玩”对应固定短语go on an outing，由usually可知用一般现在时，主语we后用动词原形，故填go on an outing；
3. 汉语“不惜一切代价”对应固定短语at all costs，为固定介词短语，故填at all costs；
4. 汉语“相处”对应固定短语get along，help sb do sth结构中用动词原形，故填get along；
5. 汉语“产生重大影响”对应固定短语make a difference，情态动词can后接动词原形，故填make a difference。
【答案】
1. give it a go
2. go on an outing
3. at all costs
4. get along
5. make a difference
【知识点】
固定短语搭配；动词形式运用；一般现在时用法
【点评】
本题考查英语常用固定短语的掌握及语法结构的运用，需学生积累常见动词短语、介词短语，结合语境和语法规则填写，难度适中，属于基础题型。
【难度系数】
0.6
