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一、根据句意及首字母提示完成句子。
1. During the earthquake, the international rescue team arrived quickly for e
2. Many people donated money, and the f
3. Several special f
4. Thanks to everyone's help, the rebuilding work went s
5. Inventing the first airplane was a huge s
1. During the earthquake, the international rescue team arrived quickly for e
mergencies
.2. Many people donated money, and the f
und
collected was used to buy medical supplies.3. Several special f
lights
were arranged to send volunteers and food to the disaster area.4. Thanks to everyone's help, the rebuilding work went s
moothly
and was finished on time.5. Inventing the first airplane was a huge s
uccess
for the Wright brothers in human history.答案
1. emergencies 2. fund 3. flights 4. smoothly 5. success
解析
【分析】
做这类首字母填空题，需先通读句子理解句意，再结合首字母提示回忆符合语境的单词，同时注意单词的词性、单复数等形式变化。具体解题时，要结合每句的语境逻辑，匹配对应词汇并调整正确形式。
【解析】
1. 句意：地震期间，国际救援队快速抵达应对紧急情况。结合首字母e，“emergency”意为“紧急情况”，此处泛指各类紧急情况，需用复数形式emergencies。
2. 句意：很多人捐款，筹集的基金用来购买医疗物资。结合首字母f，“fund”意为“基金”，符合语境。
3. 句意：安排了几架特殊航班送志愿者和食物到灾区。结合首字母f，“flight”意为“航班”，several后接可数名词复数，故填flights。
4. 句意：多亏大家的帮助，重建工作顺利进行并按时完成。结合首字母s，此处需修饰动词went，用副词smoothly（顺利地）。
5. 句意：发明第一架飞机对莱特兄弟来说是人类历史上的巨大成功。结合首字母s，“success”此处为可数名词，指具体的成功事例，故填success。
【答案】
1. emergencies 2. fund 3. flights 4. smoothly 5. success
【知识点】
首字母填空、名词的数、副词用法
【点评】
本题为初中英语常见的基础首字母填空题，侧重考查核心词汇的语境运用，要求学生结合句意、首字母及词汇形式变化解题，难度适中，能有效检验学生对基础词汇的掌握程度。
【难度系数】
0.6
做这类首字母填空题，需先通读句子理解句意，再结合首字母提示回忆符合语境的单词，同时注意单词的词性、单复数等形式变化。具体解题时，要结合每句的语境逻辑，匹配对应词汇并调整正确形式。
【解析】
1. 句意：地震期间，国际救援队快速抵达应对紧急情况。结合首字母e，“emergency”意为“紧急情况”，此处泛指各类紧急情况，需用复数形式emergencies。
2. 句意：很多人捐款，筹集的基金用来购买医疗物资。结合首字母f，“fund”意为“基金”，符合语境。
3. 句意：安排了几架特殊航班送志愿者和食物到灾区。结合首字母f，“flight”意为“航班”，several后接可数名词复数，故填flights。
4. 句意：多亏大家的帮助，重建工作顺利进行并按时完成。结合首字母s，此处需修饰动词went，用副词smoothly（顺利地）。
5. 句意：发明第一架飞机对莱特兄弟来说是人类历史上的巨大成功。结合首字母s，“success”此处为可数名词，指具体的成功事例，故填success。
【答案】
1. emergencies 2. fund 3. flights 4. smoothly 5. success
【知识点】
首字母填空、名词的数、副词用法
【点评】
本题为初中英语常见的基础首字母填空题，侧重考查核心词汇的语境运用，要求学生结合句意、首字母及词汇形式变化解题，难度适中，能有效检验学生对基础词汇的掌握程度。
【难度系数】
0.6
二、阅读理解。
Deng Jiaxian was a famous Chinese scientist. He devoted his energy into the development of China's science and technology. From an early age, he loved learning and worked very hard at his lessons, especially in physics and math. He was always strict with himself and kept looking for ways to make progress.
After finishing his studies, he chose to work for his motherland. At that time, China needed to develop atomic and hydrogen bombs to become stronger. Deng Jiaxian took on this hard and important task. He left his family and went to a far and quiet place to do research. He worked day and night, faced many difficulties and never gave up. He led his team to do lots of experiments carefully and solved all kinds of problems with his wisdom and continuous work.
After years of hard work, he finally succeeded. China's first atomic bomb and first hydrogen bomb exploded (爆炸) successfully. His achievements made our country safer and more powerful. He gave up a comfortable life and kept working silently when finishing this task. His spirit of loving the motherland, working hard and facing difficulties bravely will always be remembered by us.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
(
A. Chinese and math.
B. English and physics.
C. Math and English.
D. Physics and math.
(
A. Teaching English in a faraway school.
B. Working in a big hospital as a famous doctor.
C. Developing China's atomic and hydrogen bombs.
D. Keeping looking for good ways to make progress.
(
A. By buying the wonderful tools.
B. By asking the foreigners for help.
C. By working hard day and night by himself.
D. By leading his team with his wisdom and hard work.
(
A. Deng Jiaxian finished his task successfully.
B. Deng Jiaxian's study is no use for our country.
C. Deng Jiaxian gave up his research at last.
D. Deng Jiaxian's team left him at last because of failure.
(
A. Unlucky.
B. Selfless.
C. Bad.
D. Outgoing.
Deng Jiaxian was a famous Chinese scientist. He devoted his energy into the development of China's science and technology. From an early age, he loved learning and worked very hard at his lessons, especially in physics and math. He was always strict with himself and kept looking for ways to make progress.
After finishing his studies, he chose to work for his motherland. At that time, China needed to develop atomic and hydrogen bombs to become stronger. Deng Jiaxian took on this hard and important task. He left his family and went to a far and quiet place to do research. He worked day and night, faced many difficulties and never gave up. He led his team to do lots of experiments carefully and solved all kinds of problems with his wisdom and continuous work.
After years of hard work, he finally succeeded. China's first atomic bomb and first hydrogen bomb exploded (爆炸) successfully. His achievements made our country safer and more powerful. He gave up a comfortable life and kept working silently when finishing this task. His spirit of loving the motherland, working hard and facing difficulties bravely will always be remembered by us.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
(
D
)1. What subjects did Deng Jiaxian like better when he was young?A. Chinese and math.
B. English and physics.
C. Math and English.
D. Physics and math.
(
C
)2. What task did Deng Jiaxian take on after finishing his studies?A. Teaching English in a faraway school.
B. Working in a big hospital as a famous doctor.
C. Developing China's atomic and hydrogen bombs.
D. Keeping looking for good ways to make progress.
(
D
)3. How did Deng Jiaxian work to finish the task?A. By buying the wonderful tools.
B. By asking the foreigners for help.
C. By working hard day and night by himself.
D. By leading his team with his wisdom and hard work.
(
A
)4. Which one is right according to the passage?A. Deng Jiaxian finished his task successfully.
B. Deng Jiaxian's study is no use for our country.
C. Deng Jiaxian gave up his research at last.
D. Deng Jiaxian's team left him at last because of failure.
(
B
)5. What do you think of Deng Jiaxian?A. Unlucky.
B. Selfless.
C. Bad.
D. Outgoing.
答案
1. D 由第一段 “From his youth... especially in physics and math” 可知，他喜欢物理和数学。
2. C 3. D 4. A
5. B 通过全文对邓稼先的描述，可知他是一个无私奉献的人。
2. C 3. D 4. A
5. B 通过全文对邓稼先的描述，可知他是一个无私奉献的人。
解析
【分析】
做这类英语阅读理解选择题时，需先明确题目考查方向，再带着问题回到原文定位对应信息，将选项与原文内容逐一比对，排除错误选项后选出最佳答案。
【解析】
1. 题目问邓稼先年轻时更喜欢的科目，定位原文第一段“From an early age... especially in physics and math”，可知他更爱物理和数学，对应选项D。
2. 题目问他毕业后承担的任务，定位原文第二段“At that time, China needed to develop atomic and hydrogen bombs... Deng Jiaxian took on this hard and important task”，对应选项C。
3. 题目问他如何完成任务，定位原文第二段最后“He led his team to do lots of experiments carefully and solved all kinds of problems with his wisdom and continuous work”，对应选项D。
4. 题目问符合原文的表述，定位原文第三段“After years of hard work, he finally succeeded”，可知他成功完成任务，选项A正确；B与原文“His achievements made our country safer and more powerful”矛盾，C与“never gave up”矛盾，D与“led his team”矛盾，故选A。
5. 题目问对邓稼先的评价，全文讲他放弃舒适生活、为国家默默奉献，体现无私精神，对应选项B。
【答案】
1.D 2.C 3.D 4.A 5.B
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解题、主旨大意题
【点评】
本题是关于邓稼先的英语阅读理解题，主要考查学生快速定位原文信息的能力，题型以细节题为主，整体难度适中，需要学生仔细阅读原文，准确匹配选项与原文内容。
【难度系数】
0.7
做这类英语阅读理解选择题时，需先明确题目考查方向，再带着问题回到原文定位对应信息，将选项与原文内容逐一比对，排除错误选项后选出最佳答案。
【解析】
1. 题目问邓稼先年轻时更喜欢的科目，定位原文第一段“From an early age... especially in physics and math”，可知他更爱物理和数学，对应选项D。
2. 题目问他毕业后承担的任务，定位原文第二段“At that time, China needed to develop atomic and hydrogen bombs... Deng Jiaxian took on this hard and important task”，对应选项C。
3. 题目问他如何完成任务，定位原文第二段最后“He led his team to do lots of experiments carefully and solved all kinds of problems with his wisdom and continuous work”，对应选项D。
4. 题目问符合原文的表述，定位原文第三段“After years of hard work, he finally succeeded”，可知他成功完成任务，选项A正确；B与原文“His achievements made our country safer and more powerful”矛盾，C与“never gave up”矛盾，D与“led his team”矛盾，故选A。
5. 题目问对邓稼先的评价，全文讲他放弃舒适生活、为国家默默奉献，体现无私精神，对应选项B。
【答案】
1.D 2.C 3.D 4.A 5.B
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解题、主旨大意题
【点评】
本题是关于邓稼先的英语阅读理解题，主要考查学生快速定位原文信息的能力，题型以细节题为主，整体难度适中，需要学生仔细阅读原文，准确匹配选项与原文内容。
【难度系数】
0.7
