一、根据句意、中文释义、首字母或音标提示，写出句中所缺单词
1. Doing housework helps children learn how to look after (他们自己).
2. Start a (谈话) about weather or hobbies if you have no idea.
3. As an I, he really likes spaghetti (意大利面).
4. Mr Hu's job is to t Chinese books into English. He is good at both languages.
5. I used a map app to (/gaɪd/) myself when I visited Rome last summer.

1. themselves 2. conversation 3. Italian 4. translate 5. guide

【分析】
本题为根据中文释义、首字母、音标提示填单词的基础词汇题，需结合句子结构、固定搭配及提示信息逐一分析：1题需对应复数主语的反身代词；2题需匹配“开始谈话”的名词；3题结合“喜欢意大利面”和首字母I推断词汇；4题需用固定搭配“translate...into...”；5题根据音标写出对应动词。
【解析】
1. 中文释义为“他们自己”，主语是复数children，需用反身代词themselves；
2. 中文释义为“谈话”，start a后接可数名词单数，填conversation；
3. 首字母为I，结合“喜欢意大利面”，推断是Italian（意大利人）；
4. 固定搭配“translate...into...”表示“把……翻译成……”，结合语境填translate；
5. 音标/gaɪd/对应动词原形guide，符合use sth to do sth结构。
【答案】
1. themselves 2. conversation 3. Italian 4. translate 5. guide
【知识点】
反身代词用法、名词与动词词义辨析、根据提示填单词
【点评】
本题考查基础词汇的运用，涵盖反身代词、常用名词、动词及音标拼写，是英语学习的基础题型，侧重词汇的识记与语境运用，适合巩固基础。
【难度系数】
0.3

二、根据要求改写句子
1. Franklin knew about the world by reading a lot. (对画线部分提问)
Franklin about the world?
2. He stayed up late to finish the research. (改为同义句)
He stayed up late finish the research.
3. What he found helped predict the weather. (改为同义句)
helped predict the weather.
4. Franklin showed an interest in science at a young age. (改为同义句)
Franklin in science at a young age.
5. Franklin taught himself new things when he was young. (改为同义句)
Franklin new things himself when he was young.
6. It is a rule that you should give the books back in two days. (改为同义句)
It is a rule that you should the books in two days.

1. How did; know 2. in order to 3. His findings
4. was interested 5. learnt/studied; by 6. return

【分析】本题为英语句型转换题，共6道小题，涉及对方式状语提问、同义短语替换、主语从句转换、固定搭配改写等考点。解题思路：1. 对方式状语提问用How，结合原句时态确定助动词；2. 表目的的不定式可替换为in order to；3. 主语从句What he found可转换为名词短语His findings；4. show an interest in可替换为be interested in；5. teach oneself可替换为learn/study...by oneself；6. give back可替换为return。
【解析】1. 划线部分by reading a lot是方式状语，用How提问；原句为一般过去时，需加助动词did，动词knew变回原形know，故填How did; know。2. 不定式表目的可替换为in order to，故填in order to。3. What he found（他发现的东西）的同义名词短语是His findings，故填His findings。4. show an interest in（对……感兴趣）的同义表达是be interested in，原句为过去时，主语Franklin是单数，故填was interested。5. teach oneself（自学）的同义表达是learn/study...by oneself，原句为过去时，故填learnt/studied; by。6. give back（归还）的同义动词是return，故填return。
【答案】1. How did; know 2. in order to 3. His findings 4. was interested 5. learnt/studied; by 6. return
【知识点】特殊疑问句构成、同义短语转换、固定搭配
【点评】本题考查初中英语基础句型转换，涵盖方式提问、目的表达、同义搭配等核心知识点，侧重基础语法和词汇积累，是英语学习中常见的巩固题型。
【难度系数】0.6

三、根据中文意思完成句子
1. 为了研究暴风雨，富兰克林做了数不尽的试验。
, Franklin did .
2. 这位歌唱家的许多才能让她与众不同。
of this singer .
3. 这个应用程序能帮助我们在日常交谈中把中文翻译成20多种语言。
This app can help us over 20 languages in .
4. 人们可以免费使用他的发明。他的伟大并不让人意外。
People can use his inventions . His .

1. In order to/To study storms; countless tests
2. The many talents; set her apart (from others)
3. translate Chinese into; daily conversation
4. for free; greatness comes as no surprise

【分析】
本题为根据中文意思完成句子的汉译英题型，解题思路是先对应中文的核心语义，回忆英语中对应的固定短语、常用句式，确保每个空的表达符合英语习惯，同时匹配中文原意。
【解析】
1. “为了研究暴风雨”对应英语的目的状语In order to/To study storms，“数不尽的试验”对应固定短语countless tests，故填这两个内容；
2. “这位歌唱家的许多才能”对应The many talents of this singer，“让她与众不同”对应常用表达set her apart (from others)，故填这两个内容；
3. “把中文翻译成”对应固定搭配translate Chinese into，“日常交谈”对应daily conversation，故填这两个内容；
4. “免费”对应固定短语for free，“他的伟大并不让人意外”对应常用句式greatness comes as no surprise，故填这两个内容。
【答案】
1. In order to/To study storms; countless tests
2. The many talents; set her apart (from others)
3. translate Chinese into; daily conversation
4. for free; greatness comes as no surprise
【知识点】
汉译英固定搭配、常用英语表达
【点评】
本题考查基础英语短语和句式的运用，属于汉译英的基础题型，需要学生掌握常见的固定搭配，整体难度较低。
【难度系数】
0.8