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一、信息还原
阅读短文，从方框中选出能填入空格处的最佳选项，有一个多余选项。
Alaska is the biggest of all the 50 US states. Over the past 60 years, Alaska has been about 3 degrees warmer. 1
Permafrost (永久冻土) is frozen soil which lies a few feet under the ground. Permafrost usually stays frozen all year. 2
Lakes in Alaska also get changed because of climate change. Some get bigger. 4
Warmer, drier weather makes wildfires more frequent. 5
A. Others get smaller.
B. Most of Alaska has permafrost.
C. It is very hard to move to safer areas.
D. This can cause damage to whatever is built on top of it.
E. That is more than twice as much as the rest of the United States.
F. Large wildfires have destroyed more forests in Alaska than ever before.
1.
阅读短文，从方框中选出能填入空格处的最佳选项，有一个多余选项。
Alaska is the biggest of all the 50 US states. Over the past 60 years, Alaska has been about 3 degrees warmer. 1
E
This changes ecosystems. Alaska will get warmer. It will also have more rain and snow. Climate change is affecting (影响) many people, animals and ecosystems.Permafrost (永久冻土) is frozen soil which lies a few feet under the ground. Permafrost usually stays frozen all year. 2
B
Some part of it is melting, though. As it melts, it gets softer. The ground above can fall down. 3D
In Alaska, there are many roads and buildings on top of it. As it melts, they will also get damaged. It will cost a lot of money to fix them.Lakes in Alaska also get changed because of climate change. Some get bigger. 4
A
Millions of birds travel to these lakes when it's warm. Alaska's local people hunt and fish for food there too.Warmer, drier weather makes wildfires more frequent. 5
F
Fires change the forest. More insects come and harm the forest. That means more dead trees. And then, dead trees catch fire easily.A. Others get smaller.
B. Most of Alaska has permafrost.
C. It is very hard to move to safer areas.
D. This can cause damage to whatever is built on top of it.
E. That is more than twice as much as the rest of the United States.
F. Large wildfires have destroyed more forests in Alaska than ever before.
1.
E
2. B
3. D
4. A
5. F
答案
1.E 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.F
解析
【分析】
本题为英语信息还原题，解题思路如下：①先通读全文，把握每段核心主题，明确文章围绕阿拉斯加受气候变化的影响展开；②分析每个空格前后的句子，寻找语义连贯、逻辑通顺的选项，同时注意固定结构（如some...others）和主题词的呼应；③排除多余选项，确定最终答案。
【解析】
1. 第1空：前文提到阿拉斯加60年升温约3度，选项E“这比美国其他地区的两倍还多”，承接温度变化的对比，符合语境，故选E；
2. 第2空：前文介绍永久冻土，选项B“阿拉斯加大部分地区有永久冻土”，承接上文对永久冻土的描述，故选B；
3. 第3空：前文说冻土融化导致地面塌陷，选项D“这会损坏建在它上面的任何东西”，衔接塌陷的后果，故选D；
4. 第4空：前文提到“一些湖变大”，选项A“另一些变小”，对应“some...others...”的固定结构，故选A；
5. 第5空：前文说野火更频繁，选项F“大型野火破坏了阿拉斯加比以往更多的森林”，衔接野火的影响，故选F。
【答案】
1.E 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.F
【知识点】
英语信息还原、语篇衔接、逻辑推理
【点评】
本题考查学生对英语语篇语境的理解和逻辑衔接能力，需结合上下文语义、固定结构及主题词匹配选项，难度适中，是初中英语常见题型。
【难度系数】
0.5
本题为英语信息还原题，解题思路如下：①先通读全文，把握每段核心主题，明确文章围绕阿拉斯加受气候变化的影响展开；②分析每个空格前后的句子，寻找语义连贯、逻辑通顺的选项，同时注意固定结构（如some...others）和主题词的呼应；③排除多余选项，确定最终答案。
【解析】
1. 第1空：前文提到阿拉斯加60年升温约3度，选项E“这比美国其他地区的两倍还多”，承接温度变化的对比，符合语境，故选E；
2. 第2空：前文介绍永久冻土，选项B“阿拉斯加大部分地区有永久冻土”，承接上文对永久冻土的描述，故选B；
3. 第3空：前文说冻土融化导致地面塌陷，选项D“这会损坏建在它上面的任何东西”，衔接塌陷的后果，故选D；
4. 第4空：前文提到“一些湖变大”，选项A“另一些变小”，对应“some...others...”的固定结构，故选A；
5. 第5空：前文说野火更频繁，选项F“大型野火破坏了阿拉斯加比以往更多的森林”，衔接野火的影响，故选F。
【答案】
1.E 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.F
【知识点】
英语信息还原、语篇衔接、逻辑推理
【点评】
本题考查学生对英语语篇语境的理解和逻辑衔接能力，需结合上下文语义、固定结构及主题词匹配选项，难度适中，是初中英语常见题型。
【难度系数】
0.5
二、微写作
保护空气、土壤、水等非生物因素对维持生态系统的健康至关重要。为此我们可以采取哪些行动呢？请简要谈谈你的想法。不少于5句话。
保护空气、土壤、水等非生物因素对维持生态系统的健康至关重要。为此我们可以采取哪些行动呢？请简要谈谈你的想法。不少于5句话。
We should save energy to keep the air clean. Plant more trees because they can produce more oxygen.
Use both sides of paper to save trees.
Don't waste water, as it's important for all of us.
Put rubbish in the right place to keep water clean.
These small things help keep our ecosystems healthy and protect our planet.
答案
Sample writing:
We should save energy to keep the air clean. Plant more trees because they can produce more oxygen. Use both sides of paper to save trees. Don't waste water, as it's important for all of us. Put rubbish in the right place to keep water clean. These small things help keep our ecosystems healthy and protect our planet.
We should save energy to keep the air clean. Plant more trees because they can produce more oxygen. Use both sides of paper to save trees. Don't waste water, as it's important for all of us. Put rubbish in the right place to keep water clean. These small things help keep our ecosystems healthy and protect our planet.
解析
【分析】
本题为英语微写作题，要求围绕保护空气、土壤、水等非生物因素对生态系统健康的重要性，提出具体可行的行动，且内容不少于5句话。解题思路：先明确核心主题是“环保日常行动”，从学生熟悉的生活场景选取具体、可操作的措施，避免空泛表述，再用连贯的英语句子组织内容，确保句数达标、紧扣主题。
【解析】
写作时，先确定核心内容为保护空气、水、土壤的日常行动：1. 节约能源减少空气污染；2. 植树造林改善空气质量；3. 双面用纸节约树木（间接保护土壤）；4. 节约用水；5. 正确投放垃圾保护水体；最后总结这些小行动对生态的作用，将上述内容组织成符合英语表达习惯的连贯句子，满足不少于5句的要求。
【答案】
We should save energy to keep the air clean. Plant more trees because they can produce more oxygen. Use both sides of paper to save trees. Don't waste water, as it's important for all of us. Put rubbish in the right place to keep water clean. These small things help keep our ecosystems healthy and protect our planet.
【知识点】
英语微写作、环境保护话题
【点评】
本题围绕环保核心话题，考查学生围绕指定主题组织语言、表达具体观点的能力，引导学生联系生活实际思考环保行动，兼具语言考查与环保意识培养的双重作用，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
本题为英语微写作题，要求围绕保护空气、土壤、水等非生物因素对生态系统健康的重要性，提出具体可行的行动，且内容不少于5句话。解题思路：先明确核心主题是“环保日常行动”，从学生熟悉的生活场景选取具体、可操作的措施，避免空泛表述，再用连贯的英语句子组织内容，确保句数达标、紧扣主题。
【解析】
写作时，先确定核心内容为保护空气、水、土壤的日常行动：1. 节约能源减少空气污染；2. 植树造林改善空气质量；3. 双面用纸节约树木（间接保护土壤）；4. 节约用水；5. 正确投放垃圾保护水体；最后总结这些小行动对生态的作用，将上述内容组织成符合英语表达习惯的连贯句子，满足不少于5句的要求。
【答案】
We should save energy to keep the air clean. Plant more trees because they can produce more oxygen. Use both sides of paper to save trees. Don't waste water, as it's important for all of us. Put rubbish in the right place to keep water clean. These small things help keep our ecosystems healthy and protect our planet.
【知识点】
英语微写作、环境保护话题
【点评】
本题围绕环保核心话题，考查学生围绕指定主题组织语言、表达具体观点的能力，引导学生联系生活实际思考环保行动，兼具语言考查与环保意识培养的双重作用，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
