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Ⅲ. 阅读理解
Yogurt is a kind of healthy food that people can make at home. One way to make it is to buy some dry yogurt from a store. Add two small spoons of dry yogurt to two cups of milk. This will be the starter(发酵剂) for your own yogurt. You also need to prepare some clean utensils, like cups and a cooking pot.
When making yogurt, it is very important to have the right temperature. Pour eight cups of milk into a large cooking pot. Heat the milk to $85\ °\mathrm{C}$. Then cool the milk quickly to $43\ °\mathrm{C}$. To do this, you can put the cooking pot in cool water. Keep the milk at $43\ °\mathrm{C}$ and add half a cup of the starter. If you want a thicker yogurt, you can add another one-third of a cup. Cover the pot and keep it at a temperature of $40\ °\mathrm{C}$ to $45\ °\mathrm{C}$ for four to six hours. After that, your homemade yogurt is ready. You can also add fruit, nuts, honey or spices to make the taste richer.
Yogurt can be made with milk from cows or other animals, including goats and sheep. If you want more information about making it, you can go online and visit websites.
1. What does the underlined word "utensils" in paragraph 1 mean?
A. Instruments.
B. Ingredients.
C. Places.
D. Drinks.
2. What are the necessary ingredients to make yogurt at home?
A. Fruit and nuts.
B. Spices and fruit.
C. Honey and spices.
D. Milk and dry yogurt.
3. What's the best temperature of the milk for adding the starter?
A. $40\ °\mathrm{C}$.
B. $43\ °\mathrm{C}$.
C. $45\ °\mathrm{C}$.
D. $85\ °\mathrm{C}$.
4. What is the correct order of the following steps of making yogurt at home?
①Add some starter to the milk.
②Heat the milk and then cool it.
③Make some yogurt starter.
④Pour some milk into a big pot.
⑤Cover the pot and keep it for some time.
A. ①③②⑤④
B. ③④②①⑤
C. ④⑤①③②
D. ②③④⑤①
5. What's the best title for this passage?
A. How to Make Yogurt on the Farm
B. How to Make Yogurt at Home
C. How to Teach Others to Make Yogurt
D. How to Teach Family to Make Yogurt on TV
Yogurt is a kind of healthy food that people can make at home. One way to make it is to buy some dry yogurt from a store. Add two small spoons of dry yogurt to two cups of milk. This will be the starter(发酵剂) for your own yogurt. You also need to prepare some clean utensils, like cups and a cooking pot.
When making yogurt, it is very important to have the right temperature. Pour eight cups of milk into a large cooking pot. Heat the milk to $85\ °\mathrm{C}$. Then cool the milk quickly to $43\ °\mathrm{C}$. To do this, you can put the cooking pot in cool water. Keep the milk at $43\ °\mathrm{C}$ and add half a cup of the starter. If you want a thicker yogurt, you can add another one-third of a cup. Cover the pot and keep it at a temperature of $40\ °\mathrm{C}$ to $45\ °\mathrm{C}$ for four to six hours. After that, your homemade yogurt is ready. You can also add fruit, nuts, honey or spices to make the taste richer.
Yogurt can be made with milk from cows or other animals, including goats and sheep. If you want more information about making it, you can go online and visit websites.
1. What does the underlined word "utensils" in paragraph 1 mean?
A. Instruments.
B. Ingredients.
C. Places.
D. Drinks.
2. What are the necessary ingredients to make yogurt at home?
A. Fruit and nuts.
B. Spices and fruit.
C. Honey and spices.
D. Milk and dry yogurt.
3. What's the best temperature of the milk for adding the starter?
A. $40\ °\mathrm{C}$.
B. $43\ °\mathrm{C}$.
C. $45\ °\mathrm{C}$.
D. $85\ °\mathrm{C}$.
4. What is the correct order of the following steps of making yogurt at home?
①Add some starter to the milk.
②Heat the milk and then cool it.
③Make some yogurt starter.
④Pour some milk into a big pot.
⑤Cover the pot and keep it for some time.
A. ①③②⑤④
B. ③④②①⑤
C. ④⑤①③②
D. ②③④⑤①
5. What's the best title for this passage?
A. How to Make Yogurt on the Farm
B. How to Make Yogurt at Home
C. How to Teach Others to Make Yogurt
D. How to Teach Family to Make Yogurt on TV
答案
本文主要介绍了如何在家制作酸奶。
1. A
2. D
3. B
4. B
5. B
1. A
2. D
3. B
4. B
5. B
解析
【分析】
本题为说明文阅读理解，共5道题，涵盖词义猜测、细节理解、信息排序、主旨大意类题型。解题思路为：1. 词义猜测题：定位划线词所在句，结合举例内容判断词义；2. 细节理解题：根据题干关键词定位原文对应内容，匹配选项；3. 信息排序题：梳理制作步骤的先后逻辑，对应原文步骤；4. 主旨大意题：概括全文核心内容，匹配标题。
【解析】
1. 词义猜测题：定位第一段划线词“utensils”所在句“prepare some clean utensils, like cups and a cooking pot”，cups（杯子）和cooking pot（锅）都属于器具，对应选项A（Instruments器具）；B为原料、C为地点、D为饮料，均不符合，故选A。
2. 细节理解题：题干问制作酸奶的必要原料，定位第一段“Add two small spoons of dry yogurt to two cups of milk. This will be the starter”，可知必要原料是干酸奶和牛奶，对应选项D；A、B、C中的水果、坚果等是可选添加物，非必要，故选D。
3. 细节理解题：题干问加发酵剂的牛奶最佳温度，定位第二段“cool the milk quickly to 43 °C... keep the milk at 43 °C and add half a cup of the starter”，可知温度为43℃，对应选项B，故选B。
4. 信息排序题：梳理制作步骤：①先做发酵剂（③）；②倒牛奶到大锅（④）；③加热并冷却牛奶（②）；④加发酵剂（①）；⑤盖锅保温（⑤），对应顺序③④②①⑤，故选B。
5. 主旨大意题：全文围绕“如何在家制作酸奶”展开，对应选项B；A偏离“在家”、C、D偏离核心内容，故选B。
【答案】
1.A 2.D 3.B 4.B 5.B
【知识点】
阅读理解解题技巧、词义猜测、细节理解
【点评】
本题为说明文阅读理解，侧重考查学生对文章细节的定位能力、词义推断能力、逻辑顺序梳理能力及主旨归纳能力，题目设置基础，需学生精准提取原文信息即可解答。
【难度系数】
0.7
本题为说明文阅读理解，共5道题，涵盖词义猜测、细节理解、信息排序、主旨大意类题型。解题思路为：1. 词义猜测题：定位划线词所在句，结合举例内容判断词义；2. 细节理解题：根据题干关键词定位原文对应内容，匹配选项；3. 信息排序题：梳理制作步骤的先后逻辑，对应原文步骤；4. 主旨大意题：概括全文核心内容，匹配标题。
【解析】
1. 词义猜测题：定位第一段划线词“utensils”所在句“prepare some clean utensils, like cups and a cooking pot”，cups（杯子）和cooking pot（锅）都属于器具，对应选项A（Instruments器具）；B为原料、C为地点、D为饮料，均不符合，故选A。
2. 细节理解题：题干问制作酸奶的必要原料，定位第一段“Add two small spoons of dry yogurt to two cups of milk. This will be the starter”，可知必要原料是干酸奶和牛奶，对应选项D；A、B、C中的水果、坚果等是可选添加物，非必要，故选D。
3. 细节理解题：题干问加发酵剂的牛奶最佳温度，定位第二段“cool the milk quickly to 43 °C... keep the milk at 43 °C and add half a cup of the starter”，可知温度为43℃，对应选项B，故选B。
4. 信息排序题：梳理制作步骤：①先做发酵剂（③）；②倒牛奶到大锅（④）；③加热并冷却牛奶（②）；④加发酵剂（①）；⑤盖锅保温（⑤），对应顺序③④②①⑤，故选B。
5. 主旨大意题：全文围绕“如何在家制作酸奶”展开，对应选项B；A偏离“在家”、C、D偏离核心内容，故选B。
【答案】
1.A 2.D 3.B 4.B 5.B
【知识点】
阅读理解解题技巧、词义猜测、细节理解
【点评】
本题为说明文阅读理解，侧重考查学生对文章细节的定位能力、词义推断能力、逻辑顺序梳理能力及主旨归纳能力，题目设置基础，需学生精准提取原文信息即可解答。
【难度系数】
0.7
