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五、核心素养 中华优秀传统文化 阅读下面短文，用英语回答短文后的问题。
主题群:历史、社会与文化 子主题:文化价值 语篇类型:说明文 难度:★★
In China, writing brushes, inksticks, paper and inkstones are called the “Four Treasures of the Study”.
The writing brushes can be used to draw pictures on painted pottery(陶器). They are mainly made from the hair of animals. Those made from wool are called yanghao and those made from the weasel's(黄鼠狼的) tail hair are called langhao.
The inkstick is the pigment(颜料) used in writing and painting. The inkstick produced in Huizhou is of high quality. A story goes like this: Two famous skilled men Xi Chao and his son produced a kind of high-quality inkstick. As a result, the emperor Li Yu in the Southern Tang Dynasty agreed to give them the family name “Li”. From then on, the name of the Li Inkstick was widespread.
Paper is among the four great inventions in ancient China. The famous xuanzhi appeared in the Sui and Tang dynasties. In Xuanzhou, Anhui Province, where xuanzhi is produced, it's said that Cai Lun's pupil Kong Dan took the job of producing paper but failed to make perfect white paper. Later, he happened to see the Qingtan tree in the rivers. It was wet with water and turned white. Then he used the bark(树皮) to produce the world-famous xuanzhi.
The inkstone was already very popular in the Han Dynasty. The Ming and Qing dynasties saw the appearance of the “Four Famous Inkstones”—Duan Inkstone, She Inkstone, Tao Inkstone and Chengni Inkstone. They can be used not only in writing and painting but also for admiration.
1. What are the writing brushes mainly made from?
2. Who was Kong Dan?
3. When did the “Four Famous Inkstones” appear?
4. Why did Xi Chao and his son get the family name from the emperor Li Yu?
5. What do you think of the “Four Treasures of the Study”? Why?
主题群:历史、社会与文化 子主题:文化价值 语篇类型:说明文 难度:★★
In China, writing brushes, inksticks, paper and inkstones are called the “Four Treasures of the Study”.
The writing brushes can be used to draw pictures on painted pottery(陶器). They are mainly made from the hair of animals. Those made from wool are called yanghao and those made from the weasel's(黄鼠狼的) tail hair are called langhao.
The inkstick is the pigment(颜料) used in writing and painting. The inkstick produced in Huizhou is of high quality. A story goes like this: Two famous skilled men Xi Chao and his son produced a kind of high-quality inkstick. As a result, the emperor Li Yu in the Southern Tang Dynasty agreed to give them the family name “Li”. From then on, the name of the Li Inkstick was widespread.
Paper is among the four great inventions in ancient China. The famous xuanzhi appeared in the Sui and Tang dynasties. In Xuanzhou, Anhui Province, where xuanzhi is produced, it's said that Cai Lun's pupil Kong Dan took the job of producing paper but failed to make perfect white paper. Later, he happened to see the Qingtan tree in the rivers. It was wet with water and turned white. Then he used the bark(树皮) to produce the world-famous xuanzhi.
The inkstone was already very popular in the Han Dynasty. The Ming and Qing dynasties saw the appearance of the “Four Famous Inkstones”—Duan Inkstone, She Inkstone, Tao Inkstone and Chengni Inkstone. They can be used not only in writing and painting but also for admiration.
1. What are the writing brushes mainly made from?
The hair of animals.
2. Who was Kong Dan?
Cai Lun's pupil.
3. When did the “Four Famous Inkstones” appear?
During the Ming and Qing dynasties.
4. Why did Xi Chao and his son get the family name from the emperor Li Yu?
Because they produced a kind of high-quality ink-stick.
5. What do you think of the “Four Treasures of the Study”? Why?
I think they are valuable because they are an important part of traditional Chinese culture.(言之有理即可)
答案
1. The hair of animals. 2. Cai Lun's pupil.
3. During the Ming and Qing dynasties. 4. Because they produced a kind of high-quality ink-stick. 5. I think they are valuable because they are an important part of traditional Chinese culture.（言之有理即可）
3. During the Ming and Qing dynasties. 4. Because they produced a kind of high-quality ink-stick. 5. I think they are valuable because they are an important part of traditional Chinese culture.（言之有理即可）
解析
【分析】
这是一道围绕中国文房四宝的英语阅读理解题，包含4道细节查找题和1道开放表达题。解题思路为：1. 通读全文，梳理各段落核心内容；2. 针对1-4题的细节问题，定位原文对应段落，提取关键信息，整理成准确的英语答案；3. 第5题为开放题，结合对文房四宝的文化认知，用通顺的英语表达合理观点，言之有理即可。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第二段第二句“They are mainly made from the hair of animals.”，提取关键信息作答；
2. 定位原文第四段“it's said that Cai Lun's pupil Kong Dan...”，提取身份信息；
3. 定位原文第五段“The Ming and Qing dynasties saw the appearance of the “Four Famous Inkstones”...”，提取时间信息；
4. 定位原文第三段“Two famous skilled men Xi Chao and his son produced a kind of high-quality inkstick. As a result, the emperor Li Yu... give them the family name “Li”.”，提取原因；
5. 结合文房四宝的文化价值，用英语表达合理观点。
【答案】
1. The hair of animals. 2. Cai Lun's pupil. 3. During the Ming and Qing dynasties. 4. Because they produced a kind of high-quality inkstick. 5. I think they are valuable because they are an important part of traditional Chinese culture.（言之有理即可）
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节信息定位、开放型表达
【点评】
本题融合中华优秀传统文化，考查学生英语阅读的细节查找能力与文化认知下的表达能力，难度适中，符合核心素养考查要求。
【难度系数】
0.6
这是一道围绕中国文房四宝的英语阅读理解题，包含4道细节查找题和1道开放表达题。解题思路为：1. 通读全文，梳理各段落核心内容；2. 针对1-4题的细节问题，定位原文对应段落，提取关键信息，整理成准确的英语答案；3. 第5题为开放题，结合对文房四宝的文化认知，用通顺的英语表达合理观点，言之有理即可。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第二段第二句“They are mainly made from the hair of animals.”，提取关键信息作答；
2. 定位原文第四段“it's said that Cai Lun's pupil Kong Dan...”，提取身份信息；
3. 定位原文第五段“The Ming and Qing dynasties saw the appearance of the “Four Famous Inkstones”...”，提取时间信息；
4. 定位原文第三段“Two famous skilled men Xi Chao and his son produced a kind of high-quality inkstick. As a result, the emperor Li Yu... give them the family name “Li”.”，提取原因；
5. 结合文房四宝的文化价值，用英语表达合理观点。
【答案】
1. The hair of animals. 2. Cai Lun's pupil. 3. During the Ming and Qing dynasties. 4. Because they produced a kind of high-quality inkstick. 5. I think they are valuable because they are an important part of traditional Chinese culture.（言之有理即可）
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节信息定位、开放型表达
【点评】
本题融合中华优秀传统文化，考查学生英语阅读的细节查找能力与文化认知下的表达能力，难度适中，符合核心素养考查要求。
【难度系数】
0.6
