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二、阅读理解
Diaojiaolou, also called Diaolou, is a traditional house in southern China. You can find many of these houses beside a river or in the mountainous areas of Yunnan, Guangxi, Hunan and Sichuan. This type of building is popular among the Miao, Zhuang, Buyi, Dong, Shui, and Tujia peoples.
Diaojiaolou dates back hundreds of years. When ancient Chinese pioneers(开拓者) moved from northern to southern China, they met many difficulties. They suffered a lot from the beasts(猛兽), snakes, and insects in the mountain forests. At first, they set fire to keep beasts away, but they were still often bitten by snakes. Then an old smart leader in the village invented Diaojiaolou. They are in fact, 100% wooden houses built on stilts. These buildings are usually two to three floors high. The whole house is really strong. Even if one of the stilts(支柱) was destroyed, the house would keep standing.
The stilt houses have many advantages. In ancient times, these buildings would provide protection from beasts. Nowadays they continue to provide protection from snakes and insects. What’s more, these buildings help prevent humidity - related(湿度相关的) illnesses that are common in southern China. In the mountainous areas of southern China, people can’t endure the wet ground in summer, so living on high floors is a wise choice.
And the special buildings are in perfect harmony(和谐) with the beautiful scenery—small bridges, flowing water and green mountains. And many stilt buildings are hidden in ancient trees and bamboo, like traditional Chinese landscape paintings.
(
A. Beside a river.
B. In a sea.
C. In a modern city.
D. In grassland.
(
A. To get a further view.
B. To separate(区分) the young from the old.
C. To get close to nature.
D. To keep themselves safe.
(
A. It is really easy to build.
B. It is friendly to the environment(环境).
C. It costs little to make.
D. It is very strong and keeps people away from some illnesses.
(
A. 忍受
B. 相信
C. 感觉
D. 触摸
(
A. Pioneers from northern China.
B. A kind of traditional building.
C. Beautiful view in Yunnan.
D. The advantages of Diaojiaolou.
Diaojiaolou, also called Diaolou, is a traditional house in southern China. You can find many of these houses beside a river or in the mountainous areas of Yunnan, Guangxi, Hunan and Sichuan. This type of building is popular among the Miao, Zhuang, Buyi, Dong, Shui, and Tujia peoples.
Diaojiaolou dates back hundreds of years. When ancient Chinese pioneers(开拓者) moved from northern to southern China, they met many difficulties. They suffered a lot from the beasts(猛兽), snakes, and insects in the mountain forests. At first, they set fire to keep beasts away, but they were still often bitten by snakes. Then an old smart leader in the village invented Diaojiaolou. They are in fact, 100% wooden houses built on stilts. These buildings are usually two to three floors high. The whole house is really strong. Even if one of the stilts(支柱) was destroyed, the house would keep standing.
The stilt houses have many advantages. In ancient times, these buildings would provide protection from beasts. Nowadays they continue to provide protection from snakes and insects. What’s more, these buildings help prevent humidity - related(湿度相关的) illnesses that are common in southern China. In the mountainous areas of southern China, people can’t endure the wet ground in summer, so living on high floors is a wise choice.
And the special buildings are in perfect harmony(和谐) with the beautiful scenery—small bridges, flowing water and green mountains. And many stilt buildings are hidden in ancient trees and bamboo, like traditional Chinese landscape paintings.
(
A
)1. Where can people find Diaojiaolou?A. Beside a river.
B. In a sea.
C. In a modern city.
D. In grassland.
(
D
)2. Why did the ancient people build those Diaojiaolou?A. To get a further view.
B. To separate(区分) the young from the old.
C. To get close to nature.
D. To keep themselves safe.
(
D
)3. Which of the following is Diaojiaolou’s advantage?A. It is really easy to build.
B. It is friendly to the environment(环境).
C. It costs little to make.
D. It is very strong and keeps people away from some illnesses.
(
A
)4. What does the underlined word “endure” in Paragraph 3 mean in Chinese?A. 忍受
B. 相信
C. 感觉
D. 触摸
(
B
)5. What does the text mainly tell us?A. Pioneers from northern China.
B. A kind of traditional building.
C. Beautiful view in Yunnan.
D. The advantages of Diaojiaolou.
答案
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国南方的一种传统房屋——吊脚楼。
1. A 细节理解题。根据“You can find many of these houses beside a river...and Sichuan.”可知，你可以在云南、广西、湖南和四川的河边或山区发现许多这样的房子。故选A。
2. D 推理判断题。根据“When ancient Chinese pioneers...an old smart leader in the village invented Diaojiaolou.”可知，古人是为了自身安全，所以发明并建造了吊脚楼。故选D。
3. D 细节理解题。根据“The whole house is really strong. Even if one of the stilts was destroyed, the house would keep standing.”和“What's more, these buildings help prevent humidity-related illnesses that are common in southern China”可知，吊脚楼很坚固，且有助于预防与湿度有关的疾病。故选D。
4. A 词义猜测题。根据“In the mountainous areas of southern China...is a wise choice.”可知，在中国南方的山区，人们无法忍受夏天潮湿的地面，所以住在高层是一个明智的选择。画线单词endure意为“忍受”。故选A。
5. B 主旨大意题。根据“Diaojiaolou, also called Diaolou, is a traditional house in southern China.”及通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了中国南方的一种传统房屋——吊脚楼。故选B。
1. A 细节理解题。根据“You can find many of these houses beside a river...and Sichuan.”可知，你可以在云南、广西、湖南和四川的河边或山区发现许多这样的房子。故选A。
2. D 推理判断题。根据“When ancient Chinese pioneers...an old smart leader in the village invented Diaojiaolou.”可知，古人是为了自身安全，所以发明并建造了吊脚楼。故选D。
3. D 细节理解题。根据“The whole house is really strong. Even if one of the stilts was destroyed, the house would keep standing.”和“What's more, these buildings help prevent humidity-related illnesses that are common in southern China”可知，吊脚楼很坚固，且有助于预防与湿度有关的疾病。故选D。
4. A 词义猜测题。根据“In the mountainous areas of southern China...is a wise choice.”可知，在中国南方的山区，人们无法忍受夏天潮湿的地面，所以住在高层是一个明智的选择。画线单词endure意为“忍受”。故选A。
5. B 主旨大意题。根据“Diaojiaolou, also called Diaolou, is a traditional house in southern China.”及通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了中国南方的一种传统房屋——吊脚楼。故选B。
解析
【分析】
拿到这篇阅读理解，首先先快速通读全文，明确文章核心介绍对象是中国南方的传统建筑吊脚楼，梳理行文脉络：先点明吊脚楼的分布、所属民族，再讲它的起源历史，接着讲它的优势，最后讲它和周边自然景观的融合。之后逐题对应回原文定位找依据：第1题是细节题，直接找分布相关的原文内容；第2题推理建造原因，结合古人之前受猛兽蛇虫侵扰的背景推导；第3题找吊脚楼的优势，对应原文优势段落的描述；第4题词义猜测，结合后文“住高层是明智选择”反推前面人们对潮湿地面的态度；第5题主旨题，抓首尾段的核心说明对象，排除只覆盖局部内容的干扰项。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据原文第一段第二句"You can find many of these houses beside a river or in the mountainous areas of Yunnan, Guangxi, Hunan and Sichuan."，可知吊脚楼分布在河边或南方部分省份的山区，B在海里、C在现代城市、D在草原都不符合原文描述，对应选A。
2. 推理判断题：原文第二段提到古代先民南迁后饱受山林里猛兽、蛇虫的侵扰，最初点火驱兽还是常被蛇咬，之后才发明了吊脚楼，可见建造吊脚楼的目的是保障自身安全，A看更远风景、B区分老少、C亲近自然都不是建造初衷，对应选D。
3. 细节理解题：原文第二段提到吊脚楼整体非常坚固，哪怕其中一根支柱被破坏房屋也不会倒，第三段还提到吊脚楼可以预防南方常见的和湿度相关的疾病，A容易建造、B环保、C造价低原文均没有提及，对应选D。
4. 词义猜测题：划线词所在句的后半句提到“所以住在高处是明智的选择”，说明南方山区夏季地面太潮湿，人们没办法承受这种潮湿，才选择住高楼层，因此endure的中文含义是“忍受”，对应选A。
5. 主旨大意题：全文从分布、起源、优势、和景观的搭配多个角度，介绍中国南方的传统建筑吊脚楼，A选项北方来的先民只是起源部分的内容，C选项云南的美景只在末尾略有提及，D选项吊脚楼的优势只是全文的局部内容，都不能覆盖全文主旨，对应选B。
【答案】
1.A 2.D 3.D 4.A 5.B
【知识点】
英语阅读细节定位；词义猜测方法；说明文主旨归纳
【点评】
本篇是介绍中国传统民居吊脚楼的说明类阅读，题目设置由易到难，覆盖了阅读理解常考的所有题型，既考察学生从文本中提取信息的能力，也融入了中国传统文化相关的内容，做题时要注意区分局部段落大意和全文主旨，避免误把吊脚楼的优势这类局部内容当成全文核心。
【难度系数】
0.75
拿到这篇阅读理解，首先先快速通读全文，明确文章核心介绍对象是中国南方的传统建筑吊脚楼，梳理行文脉络：先点明吊脚楼的分布、所属民族，再讲它的起源历史，接着讲它的优势，最后讲它和周边自然景观的融合。之后逐题对应回原文定位找依据：第1题是细节题，直接找分布相关的原文内容；第2题推理建造原因，结合古人之前受猛兽蛇虫侵扰的背景推导；第3题找吊脚楼的优势，对应原文优势段落的描述；第4题词义猜测，结合后文“住高层是明智选择”反推前面人们对潮湿地面的态度；第5题主旨题，抓首尾段的核心说明对象，排除只覆盖局部内容的干扰项。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据原文第一段第二句"You can find many of these houses beside a river or in the mountainous areas of Yunnan, Guangxi, Hunan and Sichuan."，可知吊脚楼分布在河边或南方部分省份的山区，B在海里、C在现代城市、D在草原都不符合原文描述，对应选A。
2. 推理判断题：原文第二段提到古代先民南迁后饱受山林里猛兽、蛇虫的侵扰，最初点火驱兽还是常被蛇咬，之后才发明了吊脚楼，可见建造吊脚楼的目的是保障自身安全，A看更远风景、B区分老少、C亲近自然都不是建造初衷，对应选D。
3. 细节理解题：原文第二段提到吊脚楼整体非常坚固，哪怕其中一根支柱被破坏房屋也不会倒，第三段还提到吊脚楼可以预防南方常见的和湿度相关的疾病，A容易建造、B环保、C造价低原文均没有提及，对应选D。
4. 词义猜测题：划线词所在句的后半句提到“所以住在高处是明智的选择”，说明南方山区夏季地面太潮湿，人们没办法承受这种潮湿，才选择住高楼层，因此endure的中文含义是“忍受”，对应选A。
5. 主旨大意题：全文从分布、起源、优势、和景观的搭配多个角度，介绍中国南方的传统建筑吊脚楼，A选项北方来的先民只是起源部分的内容，C选项云南的美景只在末尾略有提及，D选项吊脚楼的优势只是全文的局部内容，都不能覆盖全文主旨，对应选B。
【答案】
1.A 2.D 3.D 4.A 5.B
【知识点】
英语阅读细节定位；词义猜测方法；说明文主旨归纳
【点评】
本篇是介绍中国传统民居吊脚楼的说明类阅读，题目设置由易到难，覆盖了阅读理解常考的所有题型，既考察学生从文本中提取信息的能力，也融入了中国传统文化相关的内容，做题时要注意区分局部段落大意和全文主旨，避免误把吊脚楼的优势这类局部内容当成全文核心。
【难度系数】
0.75
