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Ⅱ. 阅读理解
Scientists who study happiness have told us that being kind to others can result in happiness. Acts as simple as buying a cup of coffee for someone can lift a person’s feelings. Everyday life is full of chances for such actions, yet people do not always make the most use of them.
In studies, behavioural scientist Nicholas Epley and I tried to prove a possible explanation: People who do kind acts underestimate (低估) how much the ones receiving kindness value their behaviour.
In the experiments, about 1,000 people were asked to do some actions to make someone else feel good. We asked both the person performing the kind act and the one receiving it to answer some questions. The performers were asked to report their own experiences and to guess how the receivers might feel. Also, we compared the performers’ expectations of the receivers’ feelings with the receivers’ actual experiences.
For one, both performers and receivers experienced more positive feelings. For another, the receivers felt much better than the performers expected.
At first, we studied acts of kindness done for familiar people. But we found that performers underestimated their positive influences on strangers as well. In one experiment, performers in a park gave away hot chocolate to strangers on a cold winter day. Again, the kind act brought more happiness than the performers expected.
These findings suggest a small act of kindness could matter a great deal to the person who we do it for. So why not choose kindness when we can?
(
A. Simple acts of kindness.
B. Chances for being kind.
C. Scientists who study happiness.
D. Possible explanations for kind acts.
(
A. explain a rule
B. tell a story
C. prove a finding
D. introduce a topic
(
A. Kindness has positive influence.
B. Receiving kindness is difficult.
C. Performing kindness matters little.
D. Only strangers need kindness.
Scientists who study happiness have told us that being kind to others can result in happiness. Acts as simple as buying a cup of coffee for someone can lift a person’s feelings. Everyday life is full of chances for such actions, yet people do not always make the most use of them.
In studies, behavioural scientist Nicholas Epley and I tried to prove a possible explanation: People who do kind acts underestimate (低估) how much the ones receiving kindness value their behaviour.
In the experiments, about 1,000 people were asked to do some actions to make someone else feel good. We asked both the person performing the kind act and the one receiving it to answer some questions. The performers were asked to report their own experiences and to guess how the receivers might feel. Also, we compared the performers’ expectations of the receivers’ feelings with the receivers’ actual experiences.
For one, both performers and receivers experienced more positive feelings. For another, the receivers felt much better than the performers expected.
At first, we studied acts of kindness done for familiar people. But we found that performers underestimated their positive influences on strangers as well. In one experiment, performers in a park gave away hot chocolate to strangers on a cold winter day. Again, the kind act brought more happiness than the performers expected.
These findings suggest a small act of kindness could matter a great deal to the person who we do it for. So why not choose kindness when we can?
(
B
) 1. What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 1 refer to?A. Simple acts of kindness.
B. Chances for being kind.
C. Scientists who study happiness.
D. Possible explanations for kind acts.
(
C
) 2. [新考法·写作手法] “... gave away hot chocolate to strangers” is mentioned in Paragraph 5 to .A. explain a rule
B. tell a story
C. prove a finding
D. introduce a topic
(
A
) 3. What do the studies and experiments show?A. Kindness has positive influence.
B. Receiving kindness is difficult.
C. Performing kindness matters little.
D. Only strangers need kindness.
答案
1~3 BCA
解析
【分析】
1. 第1题是词义猜测题，需定位代词所在句子，结合上下文明确其指代内容：第一段提到“日常生活充满了做善事的机会，人们却没有充分利用它们”，代词“them”指代前文的核心名词“做善事的机会”。
2. 第2题是写作手法题，需分析例子的作用：第五段举“给陌生人送热巧克力”的案例，是为了证明前文“善意执行者低估了对陌生人的积极影响”这一发现。
3. 第3题是主旨大意题，需总结实验结果：实验显示善意的执行者和接受者都有更多积极感受，说明善意具有积极影响。
【解析】
1. 词义猜测题：定位到第一段划线词“them”所在句，前文核心内容为“Everyday life is full of chances for such actions（日常生活充满了做善事的机会）”，“them”指代该句中的“chances for such actions”，对应选项B。
2. 写作手法题：第五段的案例承接前文“performers underestimated their positive influences on strangers”的发现，通过具体实验案例验证该结论，因此举此例是为了证明一个发现，对应选项C。
3. 主旨大意题：根据实验结果“both performers and receivers experienced more positive feelings”“the receivers felt much better than the performers expected”等内容，可知研究表明善意具有积极影响，对应选项A。
【答案】
1.B 2.C 3.A
【知识点】
词义猜测题、写作手法题、主旨大意题
【点评】
本题围绕“善意与幸福感”展开，考查阅读理解中常见的三类题型，需学生结合上下文语境和文章逻辑分析，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
1. 第1题是词义猜测题，需定位代词所在句子，结合上下文明确其指代内容：第一段提到“日常生活充满了做善事的机会，人们却没有充分利用它们”，代词“them”指代前文的核心名词“做善事的机会”。
2. 第2题是写作手法题，需分析例子的作用：第五段举“给陌生人送热巧克力”的案例，是为了证明前文“善意执行者低估了对陌生人的积极影响”这一发现。
3. 第3题是主旨大意题，需总结实验结果：实验显示善意的执行者和接受者都有更多积极感受，说明善意具有积极影响。
【解析】
1. 词义猜测题：定位到第一段划线词“them”所在句，前文核心内容为“Everyday life is full of chances for such actions（日常生活充满了做善事的机会）”，“them”指代该句中的“chances for such actions”，对应选项B。
2. 写作手法题：第五段的案例承接前文“performers underestimated their positive influences on strangers”的发现，通过具体实验案例验证该结论，因此举此例是为了证明一个发现，对应选项C。
3. 主旨大意题：根据实验结果“both performers and receivers experienced more positive feelings”“the receivers felt much better than the performers expected”等内容，可知研究表明善意具有积极影响，对应选项A。
【答案】
1.B 2.C 3.A
【知识点】
词义猜测题、写作手法题、主旨大意题
【点评】
本题围绕“善意与幸福感”展开，考查阅读理解中常见的三类题型，需学生结合上下文语境和文章逻辑分析，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
