一、根据语境及所给提示填写单词
1. David had a /fluː/, so the doctor examined him and took his temperature.
2. Having a /klɪə(r)/ goal when you study is of great importance.
3. You may get angry easily when you are in a stressful (环境).
4. “Do you know what you are allergic to?”she asked (紧张不安地).
5. Betty did some basic medical training so she knows something about first a now.

1. flu 2. clear 3. environment
4. nervously 5. aid

【分析】
本题为根据音标、汉语提示、词性及固定搭配填写单词的题型，解题时需结合音标规则、汉语词义、词性要求（如副词修饰动词）以及固定短语搭配确定正确单词：第1题根据音标匹配对应单词；第2题由音标确定单词；第3题根据汉语提示写对应名词；第4题需用副词修饰动词，结合汉语得出；第5题根据首字母及固定搭配确定单词。
【解析】
1. 音标/fluː/对应单词flu，意为“流感”，符合语境；
2. 音标/klɪə(r)/对应形容词clear，意为“清晰的”，修饰名词goal；
3. 汉语提示“环境”对应的英文名词为environment；
4. 此处修饰动词asked，需用副词，“紧张不安地”的副词形式是nervously；
5. 结合首字母a及固定搭配first aid（急救），可知填aid。
【答案】1. flu 2. clear 3. environment 4. nervously 5. aid
【知识点】根据音标写单词、根据汉语提示写单词、固定搭配
【点评】本题考查英语基础词汇的运用，涵盖音形对应、词性转换、固定短语等知识点，属于基础题型，侧重学生对核心词汇的掌握。
【难度系数】0.8

二、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1. Smoking is (harm) to both your health and the people around you.
2. Frank was absent from work yesterday because his leg hurt (bad).
3. Teachers encouraged students to work out the problems by (them), and in this way they could enjoy success.
4. A healthy body will be able to fight off the (ill) without the use of medicine.
5. We often have meals with chopsticks but people in the west eat with forks and (knife).

1. harmful 2. badly 3. themselves
4. illness 5. knives

【分析】
本题考查英语单词的适当形式填空，需结合句子结构、固定搭配及词性变化规则解题：1. 第1题需用形容词作表语，结合固定搭配be harmful to变形；2. 第2题需用副词修饰动词hurt，bad变副词；3. 第3题用固定搭配by oneself，主语为复数students，对应反身代词变形；4. 第4题需用名词作fight off的宾语，ill变名词；5. 第5题and连接并列名词，forks为复数，knife变复数。
【解析】
1. 固定搭配be harmful to表示“对……有害”，harm的形容词形式为harmful，故填harmful；
2. 修饰动词hurt需用副词，bad的副词形式为badly，故填badly；
3. 固定搭配by oneself表示“独自”，主语students为复数，对应反身代词themselves，故填themselves；
4. 定冠词the后接名词，ill的名词形式为illness，故填illness；
5. and连接并列成分，forks为复数，knife的复数形式为knives，故填knives。
【答案】
1. harmful 2. badly 3. themselves 4. illness 5. knives
【知识点】
形容词与副词转换、反身代词、名词复数、固定搭配
【点评】
本题为基础单词适当形式填空题，考察词性变化规则及常用固定搭配，属于英语基础题型，需掌握常见变形规律。
【难度系数】
0.6

三、从方框中选择适当的词语并用其适当形式填空
stop short,quick,on fire,sore,bright
1. The old wooden house was ,so we called 119 right away.
2. Seeing a small hole in the coat,she folded it and caught the bus back to the supermarket.
3. The hiker when he saw a small deer standing in the middle of the path.
4. The of the moon lit up the garden,so we didn't need to turn on the lamp.
5. My sister drank warm tea with honey because she had a throat and couldn't swallow(咽下) dry food.

1. on fire 2. quickly 3. stopped short 4. brightness 5. sore

【分析】这道题要求从给定词汇中选词并转换为适当形式填空，解题思路是：先理解每个词汇的含义，再结合句子语境、词性要求（如修饰动词用副词、作主语用名词、动词时态等）选择合适的词汇并变形。具体分析各句：1. 由“打119”可知房子着火，对应固定短语on fire；2. 空格修饰动词fold，需用副词，将形容词quick变为副词quickly；3. 徒步旅行者看到小鹿突然停下，用stop short，时态为过去式，故变stopped short；4. 空格作主语，需用名词，将形容词bright变为名词brightness；5. 固定短语sore throat表示“喉咙痛”，符合语境。
【解析】1. 句中“called 119”说明老木屋着火，固定短语on fire符合语境，无需变形，故填on fire；2. 空格处修饰动词fold，需用副词，形容词quick的副词形式为quickly，故填quickly；3. 由语境可知动作发生在过去，stop short表示“突然停下”，其过去式为stopped short，故填stopped short；4. 空格处作主语，需用名词，形容词bright的名词形式是brightness，意为“光亮”，符合句意，故填brightness；5. 固定搭配sore throat表示“喉咙痛”，符合“不能咽下干食物”的语境，故填sore。
【答案】1. on fire 2. quickly 3. stopped short 4. brightness 5. sore
【知识点】词语形式转换，固定短语搭配
【点评】本题考查基础词汇的词义理解及词形变化，结合句子语境和词性要求即可完成，属于基础题型，难度较低。
【难度系数】0.3