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六、[核心素养]阅读理解。
人与自然——环境保护
All around the world，buildings are going green! People are making green buildings. What does it mean to go green or to make a green building? A green building is designed in a way that is not harmful to the environment. The building uses energy，water，and other materials in ways that are good for the environment.
When planning green buildings，architects（建筑师） must think about how to use energy， water，and materials in an environment-friendly way. There are many ways to save energy. Architects can design buildings to use natural light. Buildings can also be made with solar or wind power to get energy from the sun or the wind. To save water，green buildings can have areas on the roofs to collect rainwater. Kitchens and bathrooms can have sinks（洗池） and toilets（马桶） that conserve water. As for the materials used to build the building，it is important to use materials that do not have chemicals that are harmful to the air or water. Recycled materials can also be used for buildings.
Many buildings around the world use all of these ways to go green. An office building called CH2 in Melbourne，Australia uses wind and solar power. A cultural centre in London， England is made from recycled train cars and is powered by solar and wind power. The Academy of Sciences building in California in the USA has recycled materials，solar energy， and a huge “living roof” of plants. A temple in Thailand is made out of one million recycled glass bottles! This is a good use of recycled materials，and it also lets natural light into the temple.
More and more green buildings are being built and they are making the world a better place!
1. What do we know about a green building?
A. It is usually painted green outside.
B. It uses more materials than other buildings.
C. It is designed by famous architects.
D. It is built in an environmentally friendly way.
2. Why do architects design buildings to use natural light?
A. To save energy.
B. To save materials.
C. To protect the plants.
D. To protect the buildings.
3. What does the underlined word “conserve” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Save.
B. Boil.
C. Clean.
D. Produce.
4. How does the writer support the main idea of Paragraph 3?
A. By asking questions.
B. By giving examples.
C. By listing numbers.
D. By explaining reasons.
5. What can be the best title for the text?
A. Designing buildings
B. Going green
C. Recycling materials
D. Using energy
人与自然——环境保护
All around the world，buildings are going green! People are making green buildings. What does it mean to go green or to make a green building? A green building is designed in a way that is not harmful to the environment. The building uses energy，water，and other materials in ways that are good for the environment.
When planning green buildings，architects（建筑师） must think about how to use energy， water，and materials in an environment-friendly way. There are many ways to save energy. Architects can design buildings to use natural light. Buildings can also be made with solar or wind power to get energy from the sun or the wind. To save water，green buildings can have areas on the roofs to collect rainwater. Kitchens and bathrooms can have sinks（洗池） and toilets（马桶） that conserve water. As for the materials used to build the building，it is important to use materials that do not have chemicals that are harmful to the air or water. Recycled materials can also be used for buildings.
Many buildings around the world use all of these ways to go green. An office building called CH2 in Melbourne，Australia uses wind and solar power. A cultural centre in London， England is made from recycled train cars and is powered by solar and wind power. The Academy of Sciences building in California in the USA has recycled materials，solar energy， and a huge “living roof” of plants. A temple in Thailand is made out of one million recycled glass bottles! This is a good use of recycled materials，and it also lets natural light into the temple.
More and more green buildings are being built and they are making the world a better place!
1. What do we know about a green building?
A. It is usually painted green outside.
B. It uses more materials than other buildings.
C. It is designed by famous architects.
D. It is built in an environmentally friendly way.
2. Why do architects design buildings to use natural light?
A. To save energy.
B. To save materials.
C. To protect the plants.
D. To protect the buildings.
3. What does the underlined word “conserve” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Save.
B. Boil.
C. Clean.
D. Produce.
4. How does the writer support the main idea of Paragraph 3?
A. By asking questions.
B. By giving examples.
C. By listing numbers.
D. By explaining reasons.
5. What can be the best title for the text?
A. Designing buildings
B. Going green
C. Recycling materials
D. Using energy
答案
六、1. D 细节理解题。根据“A green building is designed in a way that is not harmful to the environment.”可知，绿色建筑是以对环境无害的方式设计的。
2. A 细节理解题。根据“There are many ways to save energy. Architects can design buildings to use natural light.”可知，建筑师利用自然光来设计建筑物是为了节约能源。
3. A 词义猜测题。根据“To save water, green buildings can have areas on the roofs to collect rainwater. Kitchens and bathrooms can have sinks and toilets that conserve water.”可知，为了节约用水，绿色建筑的屋顶上可以有收集雨水的区域，厨房和浴室可以有洗池和马桶，所以是可以用洗池和马桶来节约用水，画线单词表示“节约”。
4. B 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，作者通过举例支持第三段的主旨。
5. B 标题概括题。本文主要介绍绿色建筑的相关内容，强调环保，所以 B 项最适合做标题。
2. A 细节理解题。根据“There are many ways to save energy. Architects can design buildings to use natural light.”可知，建筑师利用自然光来设计建筑物是为了节约能源。
3. A 词义猜测题。根据“To save water, green buildings can have areas on the roofs to collect rainwater. Kitchens and bathrooms can have sinks and toilets that conserve water.”可知，为了节约用水，绿色建筑的屋顶上可以有收集雨水的区域，厨房和浴室可以有洗池和马桶，所以是可以用洗池和马桶来节约用水，画线单词表示“节约”。
4. B 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，作者通过举例支持第三段的主旨。
5. B 标题概括题。本文主要介绍绿色建筑的相关内容，强调环保，所以 B 项最适合做标题。
解析
【分析】
首先通读全文，明确本文核心围绕“绿色建筑、环保”的主题展开，之后结合不同题型的解题方法逐一解题：
1. 第1题是细节理解题，直接回到原文第一段找绿色建筑的定义描述，对比四个选项排除错误说法即可；
2. 第2题同样是细节题，定位到第二段介绍节能方法的部分，找到使用自然光的对应目的；
3. 第3题词义猜测题，结合划线词所在句的前文语境“为了节约用水”，推断该词的含义；
4. 第4题判断写作手法，通读第三段，观察段落内容的呈现形式，判断作者支撑观点的方式；
5. 第5题选最佳标题，要覆盖全文核心主题，排除只涉及局部内容的片面选项，选出最贴合主旨的答案。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据第一段“A green building is designed in a way that is not harmful to the environment.”可知绿色建筑是以对环境无害的环保方式建造的，A选项“外墙通常涂成绿色”原文未提及，B选项“比其他建筑用更多材料”和原文表述相悖，C选项“由著名建筑师设计”无依据，因此选D。
2. 细节理解题：根据第二段“There are many ways to save energy. Architects can design buildings to use natural light.”可知，设计使用自然光属于节能的方法，目的是节约能源，因此选A。
3. 词义猜测题：划线词所在句的前文提到“To save water, green buildings can have areas on the roofs to collect rainwater”，整段都在介绍节水的措施，因此这类特殊的水池和马桶的作用是节约用水，conserve的含义和save一致，选A。
4. 推理判断题：第三段先后列举了澳大利亚墨尔本的CH2办公楼、伦敦的文化中心、美国加州的科学院大楼、泰国的寺庙四个不同的绿色建筑案例，以此支撑“很多建筑都采用多种方式实现环保绿色”的主旨，是通过举例子的方式展开的，选B。
5. 标题概括题：全文从绿色建筑的定义、设计方法、实际案例多个角度，介绍建筑领域践行环保“走向绿色”的相关内容，A选项“设计建筑”太宽泛，C选项“回收材料”、D选项“使用能源”都只是文中的局部细节，不能覆盖全文，因此最适合的标题是B选项“Going green”。
【答案】
1. D 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. B
【知识点】
英语细节理解，词义猜测，主旨归纳
【点评】
本题属于环保主题的基础阅读理解，覆盖了初中英语阅读最常考的几类典型题型，既考察学生快速定位原文信息的阅读能力，也渗透了环境保护的核心素养，解题时注意所有选项都要找到原文对应依据，不要凭主观印象选择即可轻松得分。
【难度系数】
0.7
首先通读全文，明确本文核心围绕“绿色建筑、环保”的主题展开，之后结合不同题型的解题方法逐一解题：
1. 第1题是细节理解题，直接回到原文第一段找绿色建筑的定义描述，对比四个选项排除错误说法即可；
2. 第2题同样是细节题，定位到第二段介绍节能方法的部分，找到使用自然光的对应目的；
3. 第3题词义猜测题，结合划线词所在句的前文语境“为了节约用水”，推断该词的含义；
4. 第4题判断写作手法，通读第三段，观察段落内容的呈现形式，判断作者支撑观点的方式；
5. 第5题选最佳标题，要覆盖全文核心主题，排除只涉及局部内容的片面选项，选出最贴合主旨的答案。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据第一段“A green building is designed in a way that is not harmful to the environment.”可知绿色建筑是以对环境无害的环保方式建造的，A选项“外墙通常涂成绿色”原文未提及，B选项“比其他建筑用更多材料”和原文表述相悖，C选项“由著名建筑师设计”无依据，因此选D。
2. 细节理解题：根据第二段“There are many ways to save energy. Architects can design buildings to use natural light.”可知，设计使用自然光属于节能的方法，目的是节约能源，因此选A。
3. 词义猜测题：划线词所在句的前文提到“To save water, green buildings can have areas on the roofs to collect rainwater”，整段都在介绍节水的措施，因此这类特殊的水池和马桶的作用是节约用水，conserve的含义和save一致，选A。
4. 推理判断题：第三段先后列举了澳大利亚墨尔本的CH2办公楼、伦敦的文化中心、美国加州的科学院大楼、泰国的寺庙四个不同的绿色建筑案例，以此支撑“很多建筑都采用多种方式实现环保绿色”的主旨，是通过举例子的方式展开的，选B。
5. 标题概括题：全文从绿色建筑的定义、设计方法、实际案例多个角度，介绍建筑领域践行环保“走向绿色”的相关内容，A选项“设计建筑”太宽泛，C选项“回收材料”、D选项“使用能源”都只是文中的局部细节，不能覆盖全文，因此最适合的标题是B选项“Going green”。
【答案】
1. D 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. B
【知识点】
英语细节理解，词义猜测，主旨归纳
【点评】
本题属于环保主题的基础阅读理解，覆盖了初中英语阅读最常考的几类典型题型，既考察学生快速定位原文信息的阅读能力，也渗透了环境保护的核心素养，解题时注意所有选项都要找到原文对应依据，不要凭主观印象选择即可轻松得分。
【难度系数】
0.7
