() 8. — Do you remember when you last Beijing?
— Ten years ago. I hear great changes place in the last ten years.

A.visited; took
B.visited; have taken
C.have visited; took
D.have visited; have taken

B

第一空，根据时间标志词“last”（上次）可知，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，故填visited；第二空，“in the last ten years”（在过去的十年里）是现在完成时的标志性时间状语，现在完成时结构为“have/has + 过去分词”，主语great changes为复数，take的过去分词是taken，故用have taken。因此选B。

() 9. — Would you please teach me to play tennis this afternoon?
— Well, I will try. You know, I tennis for years.

A.am not playing
B.wasn’t playing
C.don’t play
D.haven’t played

D

答句中的“for years”是现在完成时的标志性时间状语，现在完成时用于表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态，其否定结构为“haven't/hasn't + 动词过去分词”。结合语境，此处表达“我已经好几年没打网球了”，需用现在完成时的否定形式。A为现在进行时否定形式，B为过去进行时否定形式，C为一般现在时否定形式，均不符合语境，只有D选项符合要求。

() 10. — Have you finished your work yet?
— . But it is almost done.

A.Not exactly
B.More or less
C.Yes, I have
D.I haven’t start yet

A

首先结合语境分析，问句询问是否完成工作，答句后半句“But it is almost done”（但差不多完成了）表明工作并未完全完成。选项A“Not exactly”意为“不完全是，未必”，符合语境逻辑；选项B“More or less”表示“差不多”，与后半句的转折关系不符；选项C为肯定回答，与后半句内容矛盾；选项D存在语法错误（start应改为started），且语义与“almost done”矛盾。因此正确答案为A。

() 11. — How long has Tom’s father worked in this company?
— ten years.

A.From
B.Since
C.For
D.During

C

本题考查现在完成时中表时长的介词用法。How long用于询问动作持续的时长，答语中“ten years”是时间段，for后接时间段，符合语境；since后接时间点，from和during不符合此处用法，故选C。

() 12. — Where is Mike?
— He to New York for a holiday. He the airport at five in the morning.

A.has gone; has left for
B.has been; has left for
C.has gone; left for
D.has been; left for

C

1. 辨析have/has gone to与have/has been to：have/has gone to表示“去了某地（尚未返回）”，have/has been to表示“去过某地（已返回）”。根据问句“Where is Mike?”可知Mike不在现场，还未回来，故第一空用has gone。
2. 第二空后有具体过去时间状语“at five in the morning”，描述过去发生的动作需用一般过去时，left是leave的过去式，left for意为“动身去”，符合语境。因此选C。

() 13. I’ll never forget the town in which there a clean river and many big tall trees.

A.used to have
B.used to be
C.was used to being
D.was used to having

B

本题考查there be句型与used to的用法。there be句型表“存在有”，不可与have连用，故排除A、D选项；used to do sth.表示“过去常常有/做某事（现在已不存在/不做）”，be used to doing sth.表示“习惯于做某事”，结合句意“我永远不会忘记那个曾经有一条干净河流和很多大树的小镇”，此处需表达过去存在的事物，应用there used to be，因此选B。

() 14. I haven’t decided these books yet.

A.how to do with
B.what to do with
C.how do with
D.what do with

B

本题考查“疑问词+不定式”结构及固定搭配。do with常与what搭配，deal with常与how搭配；“疑问词+不定式”结构可在句中作宾语，符合decide后接宾语的要求。A选项中how与do with搭配错误；C、D选项结构错误，decide后不能接此类形式（且搭配也有误）；B选项what to do with结构正确，搭配合理，符合题意。

() 15. The shopping mall for two years, but I there only once.

A.has opened; have gone
B.has opened; have been
C.has been open; have gone
D.has been open; have been

D

本题考查现在完成时的用法，重点是延续性动词与短暂性动词的转换以及have been和have gone的区别。
1. 第一空后有时间段“for two years”，需与延续性状态连用。“open”作为短暂性动词不能接时间段，要用“be open”（open为形容词，表持续的开放状态），所以第一空为“has been open”，排除A、B选项。
2. “have gone”表示去了某地还未返回，“have been”表示去过某地已返回。根据“only once”可知是去过商场一次且已返回，故第二空用“have been”，排除C选项。

二、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. He (know) his friends since two years ago.
2. There (be) a lot of changes in our hometown over the years.
3. My father used to (read) newspapers while eating his breakfast.
4. Doctors did what they could (save) the patients.
5. Teachers always tell the students (not smoke) because it is not healthy.
6. — you (finish) your homework?
— Not yet. I (finish) it in two hours
7. — We’re going to join the online book club tonight.
— we (must,prepare) a book review first?
— No, you (not have to), but everyone (have to) log in on time because the discussion starts at 7 p.m. sharp.
8. I (not see) you for a long time. You (change) a lot.
9. The sunlight we are all used to (include) seven different colours.
10. He often spends his free time (train) the young workers.

1. has known
2. have been
3. read
4. to save
5. not to smoke
6. Have; finished; will finish
7. Must; prepare; don't have to; has to
8. haven't seen; have changed
9. includes
10. training

1. 由“since two years ago”可知用现在完成时，主语he是第三人称单数，故填has known。
2. “over the years”是现在完成时的标志，there be句型的现在完成时根据后面的复数名词“changes”，用have been。
3. “used to do sth.”是固定搭配，意为“过去常常做某事”，故填read。
4. 此处用动词不定式作目的状语，表“为了拯救病人”，故填to save。
5. “tell sb. not to do sth.”是固定搭配，意为“告诉某人不要做某事”，故填not to smoke。
6. 第一空由答语“Not yet”可知用现在完成时的一般疑问句，主语为you，故填Have; finished；第二空“in two hours”是一般将来时的标志，故填will finish。
7. 第一空是must引导的一般疑问句，表“必须”，故填Must; prepare；第二空“not have to”表“不必”，主语为you，故填don't have to；第三空everyone作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填has to。
8. 第一空“for a long time”是现在完成时的标志，主语为I，故填haven't seen；第二空表示到现在为止的变化，用现在完成时，主语为you，故填have changed。
9. 句中“we are all used to”是定语从句修饰sunlight，主语sunlight是第三人称单数，用一般现在时，故填includes。
10. “spend time (in) doing sth.”是固定搭配，意为“花费时间做某事”，故填training。

三、同义句转换
1. The town has changed a lot over the years.
many changes in the town over the years.
Many changes in the town over the years.
2. Millie showed us what we should write in a book review.
Millie showed us in a book review.
3. Nanjing, which is rich in history and culture, has long been a popular tourist attraction.
, Nanjing has long been a popular tourist attraction.
4. I don’t know how I can get away from them.
I don’t know from them.
5. Tell me how I can work out the problem.
Tell me the problem.
6. Sandy wants to know who she can ask for help.
Sandy who .
7. Nanjing was once the ancient capital of six dynasties.
Nanjing the ancient capital of six dynasties.
8. We take pride in the city’s pioneering spirit, together with the hard work and creativity of its citizens.
We the city’s pioneering spirit, together with the hard work and creativity of its citizens.
9. What about taking a boat trip along the nearby Qinhuai River at night?
a boat trip along the nearby Qinhuai River at night?
10. It is difficult for the writer to get the book published because publishers can’t say for sure if the book will be successful or not.
The writer the book published because publishers can’t say for sure if the book will be successful or not.

1. There have been; have taken place
2. what to write
3. Rich in history and culture
4. how to get away
5. how to work out
6. wonders; to ask for help
7. used to be
8. are proud of
9. How about taking
10. has difficulty getting

1. 考查现在完成时的同义转换。over the years是现在完成时的标志词，原句可转换为there be句型的现在完成时形式There have been；也可用take place（发生）的现在完成时have taken place来表达。
2. 考查宾语从句与“疑问词+不定式”的转换。what引导的宾语从句what we should write可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构what to write，在句中作宾语。
3. 考查定语从句与形容词短语的转换。原句中which引导的定语从句修饰Nanjing，可转换为形容词短语Rich in history and culture作前置修饰成分，符合语法规则。
4. 考查宾语从句与“疑问词+不定式”的转换。how引导的宾语从句how I can get away可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构how to get away，在句中作know的宾语。
5. 考查宾语从句与“疑问词+不定式”的转换。how引导的宾语从句how I can work out可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构how to work out，在句中作直接宾语。
6. 考查固定短语与“疑问词+不定式”的转换。want to know的同义短语是wonder；who引导的宾语从句who she can ask for help可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构who to ask for help。
7. 考查固定短语的同义转换。was once表示“曾经是”，可转换为used to be，used to be用来表达过去曾经存在的状态。
8. 考查固定短语的同义转换。take pride in的同义短语是be proud of，主语为we，对应的be动词用are。
9. 考查提建议句型的同义转换。What about doing sth? 的同义提建议句型是How about doing sth?，二者都用于提议做某事。
10. 考查固定句型的同义转换。It is difficult for sb to do sth可转换为sb has difficulty (in) doing sth，主语the writer是第三人称单数，所以用has difficulty getting，in可省略。