3. 化简$\frac{3}{\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{2}}$,甲、乙两同学的解法如下:
甲:$\frac{3}{\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{2}}=\frac{3(\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{2})}{(\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{2})(\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{2})}=\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{2}$;
乙:$\frac{3}{\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{2}}=\frac{5 - 2}{\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{2}}=\frac{(\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{2})(\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{2})}{\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{2}}=\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{2}$。
对于他们的解法,下列判断正确的是(
A.甲、乙的解法都正确
B.甲的解法正确,乙的解法不正确
C.乙的解法正确,甲的解法不正确
D.甲、乙的解法均不正确
甲:$\frac{3}{\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{2}}=\frac{3(\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{2})}{(\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{2})(\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{2})}=\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{2}$;
乙:$\frac{3}{\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{2}}=\frac{5 - 2}{\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{2}}=\frac{(\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{2})(\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{2})}{\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{2}}=\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{2}$。
对于他们的解法,下列判断正确的是(
A
)A.甲、乙的解法都正确
B.甲的解法正确,乙的解法不正确
C.乙的解法正确,甲的解法不正确
D.甲、乙的解法均不正确
答案
3. A
4. 若$\sqrt{3}$的整数部分为$x$,小数部分为$y$,则$\sqrt{3}x - y$的值是
1
。答案
4. 1
解析
因为$1<\sqrt{3}<2$,所以$\sqrt{3}$的整数部分$x=1$,小数部分$y = \sqrt{3}-1$。
则$\sqrt{3}x - y=\sqrt{3}×1-(\sqrt{3}-1)=\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{3}+1=1$。
1
则$\sqrt{3}x - y=\sqrt{3}×1-(\sqrt{3}-1)=\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{3}+1=1$。
1
5. 已知$x=\sqrt{3}+1$,$y=\sqrt{3}-1$,求$(1+\frac{1}{y})(1-\frac{1}{x})$的值。
答案
$(1+\frac{1}{y})(1-\frac{1}{x})$
$=1-\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}-\frac{1}{xy}$
$=\frac{xy - y + x - 1}{xy}$
$x=\sqrt{3}+1$,$y=\sqrt{3}-1$
$xy=(\sqrt{3}+1)(\sqrt{3}-1)=3 - 1=2$
$x - y=(\sqrt{3}+1)-(\sqrt{3}-1)=2$
$\frac{xy - y + x - 1}{xy}=\frac{xy + (x - y) - 1}{xy}=\frac{2 + 2 - 1}{2}=\frac{3}{2}$
$\frac{3}{2}$
$=1-\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}-\frac{1}{xy}$
$=\frac{xy - y + x - 1}{xy}$
$x=\sqrt{3}+1$,$y=\sqrt{3}-1$
$xy=(\sqrt{3}+1)(\sqrt{3}-1)=3 - 1=2$
$x - y=(\sqrt{3}+1)-(\sqrt{3}-1)=2$
$\frac{xy - y + x - 1}{xy}=\frac{xy + (x - y) - 1}{xy}=\frac{2 + 2 - 1}{2}=\frac{3}{2}$
$\frac{3}{2}$
解析
$(1+\frac{1}{y})(1-\frac{1}{x})$
$=1-\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}-\frac{1}{xy}$
$=\frac{xy - y + x - 1}{xy}$
$x=\sqrt{3}+1$,$y=\sqrt{3}-1$
$xy=(\sqrt{3}+1)(\sqrt{3}-1)=3 - 1=2$
$x - y=(\sqrt{3}+1)-(\sqrt{3}-1)=2$
$\frac{xy - y + x - 1}{xy}=\frac{xy + (x - y) - 1}{xy}=\frac{2 + 2 - 1}{2}=\frac{3}{2}$
$\frac{3}{2}$
$=1-\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}-\frac{1}{xy}$
$=\frac{xy - y + x - 1}{xy}$
$x=\sqrt{3}+1$,$y=\sqrt{3}-1$
$xy=(\sqrt{3}+1)(\sqrt{3}-1)=3 - 1=2$
$x - y=(\sqrt{3}+1)-(\sqrt{3}-1)=2$
$\frac{xy - y + x - 1}{xy}=\frac{xy + (x - y) - 1}{xy}=\frac{2 + 2 - 1}{2}=\frac{3}{2}$
$\frac{3}{2}$
6. 已知$x=\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{5}$,$y=\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{5}$,试求代数式$2x^{2}-5xy + 2y^{2}$的值。
答案
6. 解: $ \because x = \sqrt{3} + \sqrt{5} $, $ y = \sqrt{3} - \sqrt{5} $, $ \therefore x - y = 2\sqrt{5} $, $ xy = 3 - 5 = -2 $, $ \therefore 2x^{2} - 5xy + 2y^{2} = 2x^{2} - 4xy + 2y^{2} - xy = 2(x - y)^{2} - xy = 2 × (2\sqrt{5})^{2} - (-2) = 42 $.
解析
解: $\because x = \sqrt{3} + \sqrt{5}$,$y = \sqrt{3} - \sqrt{5}$,
$\therefore x - y = (\sqrt{3} + \sqrt{5}) - (\sqrt{3} - \sqrt{5}) = 2\sqrt{5}$,
$xy = (\sqrt{3} + \sqrt{5})(\sqrt{3} - \sqrt{5}) = (\sqrt{3})^{2} - (\sqrt{5})^{2} = 3 - 5 = -2$,
$\therefore 2x^{2} - 5xy + 2y^{2} = 2(x^{2} - 2xy + y^{2}) - xy = 2(x - y)^{2} - xy$,
将$x - y = 2\sqrt{5}$,$xy = -2$代入上式得:
$2×(2\sqrt{5})^{2} - (-2) = 2×20 + 2 = 40 + 2 = 42$。
$\therefore x - y = (\sqrt{3} + \sqrt{5}) - (\sqrt{3} - \sqrt{5}) = 2\sqrt{5}$,
$xy = (\sqrt{3} + \sqrt{5})(\sqrt{3} - \sqrt{5}) = (\sqrt{3})^{2} - (\sqrt{5})^{2} = 3 - 5 = -2$,
$\therefore 2x^{2} - 5xy + 2y^{2} = 2(x^{2} - 2xy + y^{2}) - xy = 2(x - y)^{2} - xy$,
将$x - y = 2\sqrt{5}$,$xy = -2$代入上式得:
$2×(2\sqrt{5})^{2} - (-2) = 2×20 + 2 = 40 + 2 = 42$。
7. 先化简,再求值:$\frac{x^{2}}{x^{2}+4x + 4}÷\frac{x}{x + 2}-\frac{x - 1}{x + 2}$,其中$x=\sqrt{2}-1$。
答案
7. 原式 $ = \frac{1}{x + 2} $, 当 $ x = \sqrt{2} - 1 $ 时, 原式 $ = \sqrt{2} - 1 $.
解析
解:原式$=\frac{x^{2}}{(x+2)^{2}}·\frac{x+2}{x}-\frac{x-1}{x+2}$
$=\frac{x}{x+2}-\frac{x-1}{x+2}$
$=\frac{x-(x-1)}{x+2}$
$=\frac{1}{x+2}$
当$x=\sqrt{2}-1$时,原式$=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}-1+2}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+1}=\sqrt{2}-1$
$=\frac{x}{x+2}-\frac{x-1}{x+2}$
$=\frac{x-(x-1)}{x+2}$
$=\frac{1}{x+2}$
当$x=\sqrt{2}-1$时,原式$=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}-1+2}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+1}=\sqrt{2}-1$
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