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2025年通城学典课时作业本八年级数学下册苏科版江苏专版第154页答案
15. 如图,$A(4,3)$是反比例函数$y=\frac{k}{x}(k\neq0)$在第一象限的图像上一点,连接$OA$,过点$A$作$AB// x$轴,截取$AB = OA$(点$B$在点$A$的右侧),连接$OB$,交反比例函数$y=\frac{k}{x}(k\neq0)$在第一象限的图像于点$P$,连接$AP$. 求:
(1)反比例函数的表达式;
(2)点$B$的坐标;
(3)$\triangle OAP$的面积.
第15题

答案


(1) 将$(4,3)$代入$y = \frac{k}{x}$,得$3 = \frac{k}{4}$,$\therefore k = 12$。$\therefore$反比例函数的表达式为$y = \frac{12}{x}$ (2) 如图,过点 A 作$AC \perp x$轴于点 C。$\because$点 A 的坐标为(4,3),$\therefore OC = 4$,$AC = 3$。$\therefore OA = \sqrt{3^2 + 4^2} = 5$。$\because AB // x$轴,且$AB = OA = 5$,$\therefore$点 B 的坐标为(9,3) (3) $\because$点 B 的坐标为(9,3),$\therefore$易得直线 OB 对应的函数表达式为$y = \frac{1}{3}x$。联立$\begin{cases} y = \frac{1}{3}x \\ y = \frac{12}{x} \end{cases}$,解得$\begin{cases} x = 6 \\ y = 2 \end{cases}$或$\begin{cases} x = -6 \\ y = -2 \end{cases}$(不合题意,舍去)。$\therefore$点 P 的坐标为(6,2)。如图,过点 P 作$PD \perp x$轴于点 D,则$OD = 6$,$PD = 2$。$\therefore S_{\triangle OAP} = S_{\triangle OCA} + S_{梯形 ACDP} - S_{\triangle ODP} = \frac{1}{2} \times 4 \times 3 + \frac{1}{2} \times (2 + 3) \times (6 - 4) - \frac{1}{2} \times 6 \times 2 = 5$
CD第15题
16. (2024·德阳)如图,一次函数$y=-2x + 2$与函数$y=\frac{k}{x}(x<0)$的图像交于点$A(-1,m)$.
(1)求$m$的值和函数$y=\frac{k}{x}(x<0)$的表达式;
(2)将直线$y=-2x + 2$向下平移$h(h>0)$个单位长度后得到直线$y = ax + b$,若直线$y = ax + b$与函数$y=\frac{k}{x}(x<0)$的图像的交点为$B(n,2)$,求$h$的值,并结合图像求当$x<0$时,不等式$\frac{k}{x}<ax + b$的解集.
第16题

答案

(1) $\because$点$A(-1,m)$在一次函数$y = -2x + 2$的图像上,$\therefore m = -2 \times (-1) + 2 = 4$。$\therefore A(-1,4)$。$\because$点 A 在函数$y = \frac{k}{x}(x < 0)$的图像上,$\therefore k = -4$。$\therefore$函数$y = \frac{k}{x}(x < 0)$的表达式为$y = -\frac{4}{x}(x < 0)$ (2) $\because$点$B(n,2)$在函数$y = -\frac{4}{x}(x < 0)$的图像上,$\therefore 2 = -\frac{4}{n}$,解得$n = -2$。$\therefore B(-2,2)$。将直线$y = -2x + 2$向下平移 h 个单位长度后所得直线对应的函数表达式为$y = -2x + 2 - h$。$\because$点$B(-2,2)$在直线$y = -2x + 2 - h$上,$\therefore 2 = -2 \times (-2) + 2 - h$,解得$h = 4$。根据函数图像及交点坐标可知,当$x < 0$时,不等式$\frac{k}{x} < ax + b$的解集为$x < -2$
17. 阅读下面的材料:
已知函数$y = f(x)$,对于自变量$x$的取值范围内的任意$x_{1}$、$x_{2}$.
(1)若$x_{1}<x_{2}$,都有$f(x_{1})<f(x_{2})$,则称$f(x)$是增函数;
(2)若$x_{1}<x_{2}$,都有$f(x_{1})>f(x_{2})$,则称$f(x)$是减函数.
例题:证明函数$f(x)=\frac{6}{x}(x>0)$是减函数.
证明:设$0<x_{1}<x_{2}$,则$f(x_{1})-f(x_{2})=\frac{6}{x_{1}}-\frac{6}{x_{2}}=\frac{6x_{2}-6x_{1}}{x_{1}x_{2}}=\frac{6(x_{2}-x_{1})}{x_{1}x_{2}}$.
$\because0<x_{1}<x_{2}$,$\therefore x_{2}-x_{1}>0$,$x_{1}x_{2}>0$. $\therefore\frac{6(x_{2}-x_{1})}{x_{1}x_{2}}>0$,即$f(x_{1})-f(x_{2})>0$.
$\therefore f(x_{1})>f(x_{2})$. $\therefore$函数$f(x)=\frac{6}{x}(x>0)$是减函数.
根据上述材料,解答下列问题:
(1)计算:$f(-3)=$_______,$f(-4)=$_______;
(2)猜想:函数$f(x)=\frac{1}{x^{2}}+x(x<0)$是_______函数(填“增”或“减”);
(3)请仿照例题,证明(2)中的猜想.

答案

(1) $-\frac{26}{9}$ $-\frac{63}{16}$ (2) 增 (3) 设$x_1 < x_2 < 0$,则$f(x_1) - f(x_2) = \frac{1}{x_1^2} + x_1 - \frac{1}{x_2^2} - x_2 = (x_1 - x_2)(1 - \frac{x_1 + x_2}{x_1^2x_2^2})$。$\because x_1 < x_2 < 0$,$\therefore x_1 - x_2 < 0$,$x_1 + x_2 < 0$,$x_1^2x_2^2 > 0$。$\therefore (x_1 - x_2) \cdot (1 - \frac{x_1 + x_2}{x_1^2x_2^2}) < 0$,即$f(x_1) - f(x_2) < 0$。$\therefore f(x_1) < f(x_2)$。$\therefore$函数$f(x) = \frac{1}{x^2} + x(x < 0)$是增函数