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2025年通城学典课时作业本八年级数学下册苏科版江苏专版第158页答案
20. (1)已知$x = 2 - \sqrt{3}$,求代数式$(7 + 4\sqrt{3})x^{2} + (2 + \sqrt{3})x + \sqrt{3}$的值;
(2)(2023·盘锦)先化简,再求值:$(\frac{1}{x + 1} + \frac{1}{x^{2} - 1}) \div \frac{1}{x - 1}$,其中$x = \sqrt{12} + (\sqrt{5})^{0} - (\frac{1}{2})^{-1}$.

答案

(1) 把$x = 2-\sqrt{3}$代入,得原式$=(7 + 4\sqrt{3})\times(2-\sqrt{3})^{2}+(2+\sqrt{3})\times(2-\sqrt{3})+\sqrt{3}=(7 + 4\sqrt{3})\times(7 - 4\sqrt{3})+1+\sqrt{3}=1+1+\sqrt{3}=2+\sqrt{3}$ (2) 原式$=(\frac{1}{x + 1}+\frac{1}{x^{2}-1})\cdot\frac{x - 1}{x}=\frac{1}{x + 1}\cdot\frac{x - 1}{x}+\frac{1}{x^{2}-1}\cdot\frac{x - 1}{x}=\frac{x - 1}{x(x + 1)}+\frac{1}{x(x + 1)}=\frac{x}{x(x + 1)}=\frac{1}{x + 1}$。当$x=\sqrt{12}+(\sqrt{5})^{0}-(\frac{1}{2})^{-1}=2\sqrt{3}+1 - 2=2\sqrt{3}-1$时,原式$=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}-1 + 1}=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{6}$
21. 已知$x\sqrt{\frac{2}{x}} + 2\sqrt{\frac{x}{2}} + \sqrt{18x} = 10$,求$x$的值.

答案

$\because x\sqrt{\frac{2}{x}}+2\sqrt{\frac{x}{2}}+\sqrt{18x}=\sqrt{2x}+\sqrt{2x}+3\sqrt{2x}=5\sqrt{2x}$,$\therefore5\sqrt{2x}=10$。$\therefore\sqrt{2x}=2$,解得$x = 2$
22. 设$a = \sqrt{8 - x}$,$b = \sqrt{3x + 4}$,$c = \sqrt{x + 2}$.
(1)当$x$的取值范围是多少时,$a、b、c$都有意义?
(2)若$a、b、c$为某直角三角形的三边长,求$x$的值.

答案

(1) 由题意,得$\begin{cases}8 - x\geqslant0\\3x + 4\geqslant0\\x + 2\geqslant0\end{cases}$,解得$-\frac{4}{3}\leqslant x\leqslant8$ (2) 当$a^{2}+b^{2}=c^{2}$时,$8 - x+3x + 4=x + 2$,解得$x=-10$(不合题意,舍去);当$a^{2}+c^{2}=b^{2}$时,$8 - x+x + 2=3x + 4$,解得$x = 2$;当$b^{2}+c^{2}=a^{2}$时,$3x + 4+x + 2=8 - x$,解得$x=\frac{2}{5}$。综上所述,$x$的值为2或$\frac{2}{5}$