一、根据括号内所给汉语注释写出单词的正确形式(每空一词)
1. With only a bottle of water, he had to (生存)in the desert for three days.
2. They carefully walked along the edge of the steep (悬崖).
3. One of my (队友)passed me the ball during the final match.
4. She patted her friend’s (肩膀)to comfort her.
5. The firefighter (使……冒风险)his life to save others yesterday.
6. Today’s temperature reached 38 (度)Celsius.
7. He used a (梯子)to pick apples from the tree.
8. Her (追求的目标)is to become a UN translator.

1. survive 2. cliff 3. teammates 4. shoulder
5. risked 6. degrees 7. ladder 8. ambition

【解析】
1. “have to”后接动词原形，“生存”对应的英文动词是survive。
2. 形容词steep修饰名词，“悬崖”的英文是cliff。
3. “one of”后接可数名词复数形式，“队友”teammate的复数是teammates。
4. “肩膀”的英文是shoulder，此处用单数形式即可。
5. 根据时间状语yesterday，句子用一般过去时，“使……冒风险”risk的过去式是risked。
6. 表示具体度数大于1时，degree用复数形式degrees。
7. 不定冠词a后接单数可数名词，“梯子”的英文是ladder。
8. “追求的目标”对应的英文名词是ambition。
【答案】
1. survive 2. cliff 3. teammates 4. shoulder
5. risked 6. degrees 7. ladder 8. ambition
【知识点】
1. 动词形式变化 2. 名词单复数 3. 一般过去时
【点评】
本题考查常见英语词汇的拼写及运用，需结合语境、语法规则（如动词时态、名词单复数、固定搭配等）确定单词正确形式，注重基础词汇与语法的综合考查。
【难度系数】
0.7

二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. He (simple)smiled without giving an answer.
2. The (climb)prepared his gear to scale Mount Qomolangma.
3. Mountain weather is (change)—sunny one minute, stormy the next.
4. The (explore)documented unknown plants in the rainforest.
5. The (distant)from my house to school is 2 kilometres.
6. (curious)led him to open the mysterious box.

1. simply 2. climber 3. changeable
4. explorer(s) 5. distance 6. Curiosity

【解析】
1. 此处需用副词修饰动词smiled，simple的副词形式为simply，故填simply。
2. 句子缺少主语，指人，climb对应的表示“攀登者”的名词是climber，结合his可知用单数，故填climber。
3. 此处需用形容词作表语描述天气的特点，change的形容词形式为changeable（多变的），故填changeable。
4. 句子缺少主语，指人，explore对应的表示“探险家”的名词是explorer，单复数均可，故填explorer(s)。
5. 定冠词the后需接名词，distant的名词形式为distance，故填distance。
6. 句子缺少主语，需用名词，curious的名词形式为Curiosity，句首单词首字母大写，故填Curiosity。
【答案】
1. simply 2. climber 3. changeable
4. explorer(s) 5. distance 6. Curiosity
【知识点】
词性转换、副词的用法、名词作主语
【点评】
本题聚焦英语词性转换及不同词性的句法功能，要求学生熟练掌握形容词、副词、名词间的转换规则，明确副词修饰动词、名词作主语等语法要点，考查学生的词汇变形能力与语法应用能力。
【难度系数】
0.7

三、将方框中所给词语的适当形式填入短文中，每词仅用一次
above，measure，survive，risk，bit by bit
In life，we often need to make careful decisions. When climbing，we must 1. the height 2. the ground to plan well.
Mountaineering has 3. —sudden weather changes or getting lost. But with preparation，we can improve our chances to 4. . Once，I joined a climb. I measured steps carefully. When the wind picked up，I knew the risk. Following the guide and moving 5. ，we all survived. Proper measures help face risks.

1. measure 2. above 3. risks 4. survive
5. bit by bit

【解析】
1. 情态动词must后接动词原形，结合语境“测量高度”，故填measure。
2. 表示“地面以上的高度”，用介词above，符合语境。
3. 登山存在多种风险，risk为可数名词，此处应用复数形式risks。
4. 不定式符号to后接动词原形，结合语境“提高生存的机会”，故填survive。
5. 修饰动词moving，用固定短语bit by bit表示“一点一点地”，符合语境。
【答案】
1. measure 2. above 3. risks 4. survive 5. bit by bit
【知识点】
情态动词用法、介词辨析、固定短语运用
【点评】
本题考查词汇在语境中的灵活运用，需结合上下文语境、词汇的词性及固定搭配来作答，侧重对学生语境理解能力和词汇运用能力的考查。
【难度系数】
0.7

四、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式
Young climbers like Tom often have big ambitions. Tom dreams of 1. (climb)the northern mountains near his town. He knows the distance 2. his home to those mountains is about 10 kilometres，but he doesn’t care. His curiosity about the tops 3. (make)him practise every day.
One morning，Tom started his journey. The weather 4. (condition)were good at first，with temperatures at 15 degrees. But as he climbed，the wind grew much 5. (strong). He met teams of climbers，and 6. (they)teammate，Lisa，warned him，“The paths above are dangerous. The cliffs are steep，and the weather is 7. (change).”
Tom decided to go on，moving bit by bit. 8. he felt tired，he checked his condition and drank some water. He used a ladder to cross small gaps and carefully 9. (measure)each step. Luckily，he met Lisa’s team again. They helped him when he almost slipped.
After hours of climbing，Tom 10. (successful)reached the top. Looking down，he realized the true joy was not just reaching the tops，but the courage to try.

1. climbing 2. from 3. makes 4. conditions
5. stronger 6. their 7. changeable 8. When
9. measured 10. successfully

【解析】
1. 第1空：dream of后接动名词形式，故填climbing。
2. 第2空：固定搭配from...to...表示“从……到……”，故填from。
3. 第3空：主语His curiosity是第三人称单数，一般现在时中谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填makes。
4. 第4空：condition表示“状况”时常用复数形式，且后面be动词为were，故填conditions。
5. 第5空：much用于修饰形容词比较级，strong的比较级为stronger，故填stronger。
6. 第6空：此处修饰名词teammate，需用形容词性物主代词，故填their。
7. 第7空：be动词后接形容词作表语，change的形容词形式是changeable，故填changeable。
8. 第8空：根据句意，此处用When引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”，故填When。
9. 第9空：and连接并列谓语，前面used为过去式，故measure也用过去式measured。
10. 第10空：此处修饰动词reached，需用副词形式，故填successfully。
【答案】
1. climbing 2. from 3. makes 4. conditions
5. stronger 6. their 7. changeable 8. When
9. measured 10. successfully
【知识点】
动名词用法、形容词性物主代词、副词的用法
【点评】
本题考查英语基础语法在语境中的综合运用，涵盖动词形式、介词、代词、形容词、副词等多个知识点，要求学生结合语境和语法规则灵活解题，能有效检测学生的语言运用能力。
【难度系数】
0.6