(1)计算 $6.51×\frac{7}{20}+3.49×\frac{7}{20}$时,()比较简便。
A.把分数化成小数
B.用乘法交换律
C.用乘法结合律
D.用乘法分配律
A.把分数化成小数
B.用乘法交换律
C.用乘法结合律
D.用乘法分配律
答案
D
解析
观察算式,两个乘法项含有相同因数$\frac{7}{20}$,且剩余的因数6.51与3.49相加的和为10,符合乘法分配律逆运算$a×c + b×c=(a+b)×c$的形式,通过该运算律可直接口算得出结果,计算过程为$(6.51+3.49)×\frac{7}{20}=10×\frac{7}{20}=3.5$,是最简便的方法。
(2)下列算式中,等号左、右两边不相等的是()。
A.$\frac{3}{5}×99=\frac{3}{5}×100-1$
B.$\frac{3}{5}×99=\frac{3}{5}×100-\frac{3}{5}$
C.$\frac{3}{5}×(\frac{7}{9}×\frac{8}{11})=(\frac{3}{5}×\frac{7}{9})×\frac{8}{11}$
D.$\frac{3}{5}×99=\frac{3}{5}×(100-1)$
A.$\frac{3}{5}×99=\frac{3}{5}×100-1$
B.$\frac{3}{5}×99=\frac{3}{5}×100-\frac{3}{5}$
C.$\frac{3}{5}×(\frac{7}{9}×\frac{8}{11})=(\frac{3}{5}×\frac{7}{9})×\frac{8}{11}$
D.$\frac{3}{5}×99=\frac{3}{5}×(100-1)$
答案
A
解析
逐一判断各选项:
1. 选项D:99=100-1,因此$\frac{3}{5}×99=\frac{3}{5}×(100-1)$,等式成立。
2. 根据乘法分配律,$\frac{3}{5}×(100-1)=\frac{3}{5}×100-\frac{3}{5}$,因此选项B、D等式均成立。
3. 选项C符合乘法结合律,等式成立。
4. 选项A中,右侧计算结果为$\frac{3}{5}×100-1=59$,左侧计算结果为$\frac{3}{5}×99=59.4$,等号左右两边不相等。
1. 选项D:99=100-1,因此$\frac{3}{5}×99=\frac{3}{5}×(100-1)$,等式成立。
2. 根据乘法分配律,$\frac{3}{5}×(100-1)=\frac{3}{5}×100-\frac{3}{5}$,因此选项B、D等式均成立。
3. 选项C符合乘法结合律,等式成立。
4. 选项A中,右侧计算结果为$\frac{3}{5}×100-1=59$,左侧计算结果为$\frac{3}{5}×99=59.4$,等号左右两边不相等。
2. 观察每组的两个算式,然后比较大小。
$\frac{2}{3}×\frac{3}{4} ◯ \frac{3}{4}×\frac{2}{3}$
$\frac{4}{5}×\frac{1}{5} ◯ \frac{4}{5}+\frac{1}{5}$
$\frac{2}{7}×\frac{5}{6}×\frac{6}{5} ◯ \frac{2}{7}×(\frac{5}{6}×\frac{6}{5})$
$\frac{1}{6}+\frac{5}{6}×\frac{6}{7} ◯ (\frac{1}{6}+\frac{5}{6})×\frac{6}{7}$
$\frac{9}{11}×\frac{1}{6}-\frac{3}{11}×\frac{1}{6} ◯ (\frac{9}{11}-\frac{3}{11})×\frac{1}{6}$
$\frac{2}{3}×\frac{3}{4} ◯ \frac{3}{4}×\frac{2}{3}$
$\frac{4}{5}×\frac{1}{5} ◯ \frac{4}{5}+\frac{1}{5}$
$\frac{2}{7}×\frac{5}{6}×\frac{6}{5} ◯ \frac{2}{7}×(\frac{5}{6}×\frac{6}{5})$
$\frac{1}{6}+\frac{5}{6}×\frac{6}{7} ◯ (\frac{1}{6}+\frac{5}{6})×\frac{6}{7}$
$\frac{9}{11}×\frac{1}{6}-\frac{3}{11}×\frac{1}{6} ◯ (\frac{9}{11}-\frac{3}{11})×\frac{1}{6}$
答案
$\frac{2}{3}×\frac{3}{4}=\frac{1}{2}$
$\frac{3}{4}×\frac{2}{3}=\frac{1}{2}$
$\frac{2}{3}×\frac{3}{4} = \frac{3}{4}×\frac{2}{3}$
$\frac{4}{5}×\frac{1}{5}=\frac{4}{25}$
$\frac{4}{5}+\frac{1}{5}=1$
$\frac{4}{25}<1$
$\frac{4}{5}×\frac{1}{5} < \frac{4}{5}+\frac{1}{5}$
$\frac{2}{7}×\frac{5}{6}×\frac{6}{5}=\frac{2}{7}$
$\frac{2}{7}×(\frac{5}{6}×\frac{6}{5})=\frac{2}{7}$
$\frac{2}{7}×\frac{5}{6}×\frac{6}{5} = \frac{2}{7}×(\frac{5}{6}×\frac{6}{5})$
$\frac{1}{6}+\frac{5}{6}×\frac{6}{7}=\frac{1}{6}+\frac{5}{7}=\frac{37}{42}$
$(\frac{1}{6}+\frac{5}{6})×\frac{6}{7}=1×\frac{6}{7}=\frac{36}{42}$
$\frac{37}{42}>\frac{36}{42}$
$\frac{1}{6}+\frac{5}{6}×\frac{6}{7} > (\frac{1}{6}+\frac{5}{6})×\frac{6}{7}$
$\frac{9}{11}×\frac{1}{6}-\frac{3}{11}×\frac{1}{6}=\frac{1}{11}$
$(\frac{9}{11}-\frac{3}{11})×\frac{1}{6}=\frac{1}{11}$
$\frac{9}{11}×\frac{1}{6}-\frac{3}{11}×\frac{1}{6} = (\frac{9}{11}-\frac{3}{11})×\frac{1}{6}$
$\frac{3}{4}×\frac{2}{3}=\frac{1}{2}$
$\frac{2}{3}×\frac{3}{4} = \frac{3}{4}×\frac{2}{3}$
$\frac{4}{5}×\frac{1}{5}=\frac{4}{25}$
$\frac{4}{5}+\frac{1}{5}=1$
$\frac{4}{25}<1$
$\frac{4}{5}×\frac{1}{5} < \frac{4}{5}+\frac{1}{5}$
$\frac{2}{7}×\frac{5}{6}×\frac{6}{5}=\frac{2}{7}$
$\frac{2}{7}×(\frac{5}{6}×\frac{6}{5})=\frac{2}{7}$
$\frac{2}{7}×\frac{5}{6}×\frac{6}{5} = \frac{2}{7}×(\frac{5}{6}×\frac{6}{5})$
$\frac{1}{6}+\frac{5}{6}×\frac{6}{7}=\frac{1}{6}+\frac{5}{7}=\frac{37}{42}$
$(\frac{1}{6}+\frac{5}{6})×\frac{6}{7}=1×\frac{6}{7}=\frac{36}{42}$
$\frac{37}{42}>\frac{36}{42}$
$\frac{1}{6}+\frac{5}{6}×\frac{6}{7} > (\frac{1}{6}+\frac{5}{6})×\frac{6}{7}$
$\frac{9}{11}×\frac{1}{6}-\frac{3}{11}×\frac{1}{6}=\frac{1}{11}$
$(\frac{9}{11}-\frac{3}{11})×\frac{1}{6}=\frac{1}{11}$
$\frac{9}{11}×\frac{1}{6}-\frac{3}{11}×\frac{1}{6} = (\frac{9}{11}-\frac{3}{11})×\frac{1}{6}$
3. 根据乘法运算律,在$□$里填上数或字母,在$◯$里填上运算符号。(a不为0)
$\frac{5}{6}×\frac{3}{17}×\frac{6}{5}=□×□×\frac{3}{17}$
$21×\frac{2}{7}+\frac{2}{7}×a=(21+□)×□$
$(\frac{8}{15}-a)◯\frac{3}{4}=\frac{8}{15}×\frac{3}{4}◯ a×□$
$23×\frac{b}{a}=20×□◯□×\frac{b}{a}$
$\frac{5}{6}×\frac{3}{17}×\frac{6}{5}=□×□×\frac{3}{17}$
$21×\frac{2}{7}+\frac{2}{7}×a=(21+□)×□$
$(\frac{8}{15}-a)◯\frac{3}{4}=\frac{8}{15}×\frac{3}{4}◯ a×□$
$23×\frac{b}{a}=20×□◯□×\frac{b}{a}$
答案
$\frac{5}{6}×\frac{3}{17}×\frac{6}{5}=\boxed{\frac{5}{6}}×\boxed{\frac{6}{5}}×\frac{3}{17}$
$21×\frac{2}{7}+\frac{2}{7}×a=(21+\boxed{a})×\boxed{\frac{2}{7}}$
$(\frac{8}{15}-a)\boxed{×}\frac{3}{4}=\frac{8}{15}×\frac{3}{4}\boxed{-}a×\boxed{\frac{3}{4}}$
$23×\frac{b}{a}=20×\boxed{\frac{b}{a}}\boxed{+}\boxed{3}×\frac{b}{a}$
$21×\frac{2}{7}+\frac{2}{7}×a=(21+\boxed{a})×\boxed{\frac{2}{7}}$
$(\frac{8}{15}-a)\boxed{×}\frac{3}{4}=\frac{8}{15}×\frac{3}{4}\boxed{-}a×\boxed{\frac{3}{4}}$
$23×\frac{b}{a}=20×\boxed{\frac{b}{a}}\boxed{+}\boxed{3}×\frac{b}{a}$
4. 用简便方法计算。
$2.4 - 2.4×\frac{2}{7}$
$(\frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{6})×1.2$
$\frac{4}{5}×\frac{2}{9} + \frac{4}{5}×\frac{7}{9} - \frac{4}{5}$
$2.4 - 2.4×\frac{2}{7}$
$(\frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{6})×1.2$
$\frac{4}{5}×\frac{2}{9} + \frac{4}{5}×\frac{7}{9} - \frac{4}{5}$
答案
$2.4 - 2.4×\frac{2}{7}$
$=2.4×(1-\frac{2}{7})$
$=2.4×\frac{5}{7}$
$=\frac{12}{5}×\frac{5}{7}$
$=\frac{12}{7}$
$(\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{6})×1.2$
$=\frac{1}{3}×1.2+\frac{1}{4}×1.2+\frac{1}{6}×1.2$
$=0.4+0.3+0.2$
$=0.9$
$\frac{4}{5}×\frac{2}{9}+\frac{4}{5}×\frac{7}{9}-\frac{4}{5}$
$=\frac{4}{5}×(\frac{2}{9}+\frac{7}{9}-1)$
$=\frac{4}{5}×(1-1)$
$=\frac{4}{5}×0$
$=0$
$=2.4×(1-\frac{2}{7})$
$=2.4×\frac{5}{7}$
$=\frac{12}{5}×\frac{5}{7}$
$=\frac{12}{7}$
$(\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{6})×1.2$
$=\frac{1}{3}×1.2+\frac{1}{4}×1.2+\frac{1}{6}×1.2$
$=0.4+0.3+0.2$
$=0.9$
$\frac{4}{5}×\frac{2}{9}+\frac{4}{5}×\frac{7}{9}-\frac{4}{5}$
$=\frac{4}{5}×(\frac{2}{9}+\frac{7}{9}-1)$
$=\frac{4}{5}×(1-1)$
$=\frac{4}{5}×0$
$=0$
5.妈妈编团锦结和吉祥结两种中国结,每个团锦结用$\frac{2}{5}$ m红绳,每个吉祥结用$\frac{3}{5}$ m红绳。两种中国结各编24个,一共要用多少米红绳?
答案
$(\frac{2}{5}+\frac{3}{5})×24=24$(米)
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