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五、任务型阅读。（2026·江苏南通期末）
阅读短文，从短文后A至F六个选项中选出五个可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The earth’s limited fresh water
The earth's water has refreshed itself for billions of years with the water cycle. The earth has a lot of water, but most of it isn't fresh water. The earth's fresh water is limited.
◆The water cycle refreshes water
The three parts of the water cycle are evaporation, condensation, and precipitation. 1 Condensation happens when the vapor cools and changes into water drops. Precipitation happens when the drops fall to the earth's surface. All three parts happen continuously, and they can happen at the same time.
◆The earth's usable fresh water
The earth's water can be found in many places, including underground and in the atmosphere. 2 Most of the fresh water is in glaciers and polar ice caps, where it is difficult for people to get to. Only a small part of the earth's fresh water is in rivers, lakes, and streams. The water cycle helps to keep water usable by refreshing it. But it also causes fresh water to evaporate. As a result, humans and animals can't use it.
◆ 3
Our use of fresh water is naturally limited. But pollution and overuse make the fresh water even worse. Waste from agriculture and industry can go into the ground and end up in springs. Polluted water is dangerous to drink. It can also damage waterways, making it hard for water to travel. Even though the water cycle cleans water, pollution in the environment causes water to become polluted over and over again. 4 People use water for drinking, cleaning and other purposes. Sometimes people waste water or take far more than they need. The whole world uses so much water that the underground water sources will run out.
Humans, animals and plants depend on fresh water. The water cycle renews water all the time. 5
1.
阅读短文，从短文后A至F六个选项中选出五个可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The earth’s limited fresh water
The earth's water has refreshed itself for billions of years with the water cycle. The earth has a lot of water, but most of it isn't fresh water. The earth's fresh water is limited.
◆The water cycle refreshes water
The three parts of the water cycle are evaporation, condensation, and precipitation. 1 Condensation happens when the vapor cools and changes into water drops. Precipitation happens when the drops fall to the earth's surface. All three parts happen continuously, and they can happen at the same time.
◆The earth's usable fresh water
The earth's water can be found in many places, including underground and in the atmosphere. 2 Most of the fresh water is in glaciers and polar ice caps, where it is difficult for people to get to. Only a small part of the earth's fresh water is in rivers, lakes, and streams. The water cycle helps to keep water usable by refreshing it. But it also causes fresh water to evaporate. As a result, humans and animals can't use it.
◆ 3
Our use of fresh water is naturally limited. But pollution and overuse make the fresh water even worse. Waste from agriculture and industry can go into the ground and end up in springs. Polluted water is dangerous to drink. It can also damage waterways, making it hard for water to travel. Even though the water cycle cleans water, pollution in the environment causes water to become polluted over and over again. 4 People use water for drinking, cleaning and other purposes. Sometimes people waste water or take far more than they need. The whole world uses so much water that the underground water sources will run out.
Humans, animals and plants depend on fresh water. The water cycle renews water all the time. 5
1.
F
2. B
3. A
4. C
5. D
答案
1. F 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. D
解析
【分析】
本题为任务型阅读的句子还原题，需结合上下文语境、篇章逻辑及句子间的衔接关系选择合适选项。解题思路：1. 第1空前文提及水循环的三个组成部分（蒸发、凝结、降水），后文分别解释凝结和降水，故需选解释蒸发的句子；2. 第2空前文讲地球水量多但非淡水占多数，后文讲淡水分布，需选涉及咸水占比的句子衔接；3. 第3空为小标题，需概括下文关于淡水污染、过度使用等问题的主旨；4. 第4空前文讲淡水污染，后文讲过度用水，需选承接污染、引出过度使用的句子；5. 第5空前文讲水循环更新水，需选呼应前文“淡水有限”的句子总结全文。
【解析】
1. 第1空：前文提到水循环的三个环节（蒸发、凝结、降水），后文已解释凝结、降水，F选项“蒸发发生在水变成蒸汽升入空气时”恰好解释蒸发环节，符合语境，故选F。
2. 第2空：前文指出地球水量多但大部分不是淡水，B选项“虽然地球有很多水，但96%是咸水”说明咸水占比，衔接上下文关于咸水与淡水占比的内容，故选B。
3. 第3空：下文围绕淡水的污染、过度使用等问题展开，A选项“地球淡水的问题”准确概括本段主旨，作为小标题合适，故选A。
4. 第4空：前文讲淡水污染的危害，后文讲人类浪费、过度用水的情况，C选项“过度使用也威胁全球水资源”承接上文的污染问题，引出过度使用的问题，逻辑连贯，故选C。
5. 第5空：前文说水循环持续更新水，结合前文多次强调的“淡水有限”，D选项“然而我们仍要记得淡水是有限的”总结全文，呼应主旨，故选D。
【答案】
1.F 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.D
【知识点】
任务型阅读、英语篇章衔接、说明文阅读
【点评】
本题考查学生对说明文篇章结构、句子逻辑衔接的理解，要求学生梳理上下文语境匹配合适句子，是常见的任务型阅读题型，注重语篇理解能力的考查。
【难度系数】
0.5
本题为任务型阅读的句子还原题，需结合上下文语境、篇章逻辑及句子间的衔接关系选择合适选项。解题思路：1. 第1空前文提及水循环的三个组成部分（蒸发、凝结、降水），后文分别解释凝结和降水，故需选解释蒸发的句子；2. 第2空前文讲地球水量多但非淡水占多数，后文讲淡水分布，需选涉及咸水占比的句子衔接；3. 第3空为小标题，需概括下文关于淡水污染、过度使用等问题的主旨；4. 第4空前文讲淡水污染，后文讲过度用水，需选承接污染、引出过度使用的句子；5. 第5空前文讲水循环更新水，需选呼应前文“淡水有限”的句子总结全文。
【解析】
1. 第1空：前文提到水循环的三个环节（蒸发、凝结、降水），后文已解释凝结、降水，F选项“蒸发发生在水变成蒸汽升入空气时”恰好解释蒸发环节，符合语境，故选F。
2. 第2空：前文指出地球水量多但大部分不是淡水，B选项“虽然地球有很多水，但96%是咸水”说明咸水占比，衔接上下文关于咸水与淡水占比的内容，故选B。
3. 第3空：下文围绕淡水的污染、过度使用等问题展开，A选项“地球淡水的问题”准确概括本段主旨，作为小标题合适，故选A。
4. 第4空：前文讲淡水污染的危害，后文讲人类浪费、过度用水的情况，C选项“过度使用也威胁全球水资源”承接上文的污染问题，引出过度使用的问题，逻辑连贯，故选C。
5. 第5空：前文说水循环持续更新水，结合前文多次强调的“淡水有限”，D选项“然而我们仍要记得淡水是有限的”总结全文，呼应主旨，故选D。
【答案】
1.F 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.D
【知识点】
任务型阅读、英语篇章衔接、说明文阅读
【点评】
本题考查学生对说明文篇章结构、句子逻辑衔接的理解，要求学生梳理上下文语境匹配合适句子，是常见的任务型阅读题型，注重语篇理解能力的考查。
【难度系数】
0.5
