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Ⅳ. 阅读理解。
On Earth, we use bricks(砖) to build houses, schools, and hospitals. But building on the moon needs special bricks. Chinese scientists have created “lunar(月球的) bricks” to solve this problem.
Scientists at Huazhong University of Science and Technology(HUST) developed these lunar bricks. They hope to use the lunar bricks to build a base on the moon one day.
To make the bricks, the scientists used lunar-like soil. This material copies the moon's soil. The lunar bricks are three times stronger than normal bricks used in our daily life. They also have special structures that were used in ancient Chinese buildings to let people put the bricks together easily.
▲. Professor Zhou Cheng from HUST told Xinhua about them: they tested five different kinds of lunar-like soil. They also tried three ways to harden the bricks. This helped them pick the best materials for making bricks. Zhou added that lunar soil isn't the same everywhere on the moon. For example, one of the tested kinds is like the soil at the landing place of Chang'e 5.
Before being used, the lunar bricks still need to be tested more on the moon. The moon has an extreme(极端的) environment. “Moonquakes” often happen there, and cosmic radiation(宇宙辐射) is high. The temperature can reach $180°\mathrm{C}$ during the day and drop to $-190°\mathrm{C}$ at night. In November 2024, these tested bricks were sent to China's space station by the Tianzhou 8 spaceship. The bricks stayed outside the station for a whole year to see if they could survive these extreme conditions.
In November 2025, the first group of these moon bricks came back to Earth with the Shenzhou 21 spaceship. Scientists checked them and found they were still in good shape. This is a big step for China's plan to build a moon research station between 2028 and 2035.
()1. Scientists created special bricks to .
A. fit into the moon's environment
B. build a base on Earth
C. lower the price of normal ones
D. do scientific research
()2. We can learn that the lunar bricks are .
A. common in our daily life
B. less likely to break
C. heavier and hard to carry
D. made of the same materials as ancient bricks
()3. Which of the following can be put in ▲?
A. It's fun to work on it
B. It's easy to test the soil
C. Many tests have been done on Earth
D. Different kinds of soil have been found
()4. What is the main reason for sending lunar bricks to the space station?
A. To let astronauts use them first.
B. To check if they can work well.
C. To show China's progress in technology.
D. To store the bricks safely.
()5. What can we learn about China's plan?
A. A base will be built by 2028.
B. All the lunar bricks will be sent back to Earth.
C. China is taking gradual steps to reach the goal.
D. Scientists will continue to search for signs of life on the moon.
On Earth, we use bricks(砖) to build houses, schools, and hospitals. But building on the moon needs special bricks. Chinese scientists have created “lunar(月球的) bricks” to solve this problem.
Scientists at Huazhong University of Science and Technology(HUST) developed these lunar bricks. They hope to use the lunar bricks to build a base on the moon one day.
To make the bricks, the scientists used lunar-like soil. This material copies the moon's soil. The lunar bricks are three times stronger than normal bricks used in our daily life. They also have special structures that were used in ancient Chinese buildings to let people put the bricks together easily.
▲. Professor Zhou Cheng from HUST told Xinhua about them: they tested five different kinds of lunar-like soil. They also tried three ways to harden the bricks. This helped them pick the best materials for making bricks. Zhou added that lunar soil isn't the same everywhere on the moon. For example, one of the tested kinds is like the soil at the landing place of Chang'e 5.
Before being used, the lunar bricks still need to be tested more on the moon. The moon has an extreme(极端的) environment. “Moonquakes” often happen there, and cosmic radiation(宇宙辐射) is high. The temperature can reach $180°\mathrm{C}$ during the day and drop to $-190°\mathrm{C}$ at night. In November 2024, these tested bricks were sent to China's space station by the Tianzhou 8 spaceship. The bricks stayed outside the station for a whole year to see if they could survive these extreme conditions.
In November 2025, the first group of these moon bricks came back to Earth with the Shenzhou 21 spaceship. Scientists checked them and found they were still in good shape. This is a big step for China's plan to build a moon research station between 2028 and 2035.
()1. Scientists created special bricks to .
A. fit into the moon's environment
B. build a base on Earth
C. lower the price of normal ones
D. do scientific research
()2. We can learn that the lunar bricks are .
A. common in our daily life
B. less likely to break
C. heavier and hard to carry
D. made of the same materials as ancient bricks
()3. Which of the following can be put in ▲?
A. It's fun to work on it
B. It's easy to test the soil
C. Many tests have been done on Earth
D. Different kinds of soil have been found
()4. What is the main reason for sending lunar bricks to the space station?
A. To let astronauts use them first.
B. To check if they can work well.
C. To show China's progress in technology.
D. To store the bricks safely.
()5. What can we learn about China's plan?
A. A base will be built by 2028.
B. All the lunar bricks will be sent back to Earth.
C. China is taking gradual steps to reach the goal.
D. Scientists will continue to search for signs of life on the moon.
答案
1. A 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. C
解析
【分析】
首先通读全文，明确文章核心是中国科学家研发用于月球基地的特殊砖块。做每道题时，先定位题干关键词，回到原文对应段落，对比选项与原文表述，排除不符合的选项，选出正确答案。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据第一段及后文提到月球需特殊建筑材料，研发月球砖是为适应月球环境，A正确；B选项“build on Earth”与原文“build on the moon”不符，C选项“lower price”原文未提及，D选项“do scientific research”并非直接目的，故答案为A。
2. 第2题：根据第三段“The lunar bricks are three times stronger than normal bricks”，可知月球砖强度更高，更不易破碎，B正确；A选项“common in daily life”指普通砖，C选项“heavier”原文未提，D选项“same materials as ancient bricks”原文是用了古建筑的结构而非材料，故答案为B。
3. 第3题：空格后内容讲述科学家测试了五种月球模拟土壤、三种硬化方法，说明在地球做了大量测试，C选项符合逻辑；A选项与测试无关，B选项“easy to test soil”与原文测试的复杂性不符，D选项“different kinds of soil have been found”与空格后“测试土壤”的内容衔接不紧密，故答案为C。
4. 第4题：根据第五段“to see if they could survive these extreme conditions”，送空间站是为了检测月球砖能否在极端环境下正常工作，B正确；A选项“let astronauts use first”原文未提，C选项“show China's progress”不是主要目的，D选项“store safely”与测试目的不符，故答案为B。
5. 第5题：根据最后一段，中国从研发月球砖、送空间站测试到计划2028-2035年建月球研究站，是逐步推进的步骤，C正确；A选项“by 2028”与原文“between 2028 and 2035”不符，B选项“all bricks sent back”原文未提，D选项“search for life”原文未涉及，故答案为C。
【答案】1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.C
【知识点】阅读理解细节理解、阅读理解推理判断
【点评】本文是科技类阅读理解，围绕中国研发月球砖的科研进展展开，题目以细节定位和逻辑推理为主，需要学生准确抓取原文关键信息，排除干扰项，整体难度适中，适合初中或高中低年级学生练习。
【难度系数】0.6
首先通读全文，明确文章核心是中国科学家研发用于月球基地的特殊砖块。做每道题时，先定位题干关键词，回到原文对应段落，对比选项与原文表述，排除不符合的选项，选出正确答案。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据第一段及后文提到月球需特殊建筑材料，研发月球砖是为适应月球环境，A正确；B选项“build on Earth”与原文“build on the moon”不符，C选项“lower price”原文未提及，D选项“do scientific research”并非直接目的，故答案为A。
2. 第2题：根据第三段“The lunar bricks are three times stronger than normal bricks”，可知月球砖强度更高，更不易破碎，B正确；A选项“common in daily life”指普通砖，C选项“heavier”原文未提，D选项“same materials as ancient bricks”原文是用了古建筑的结构而非材料，故答案为B。
3. 第3题：空格后内容讲述科学家测试了五种月球模拟土壤、三种硬化方法，说明在地球做了大量测试，C选项符合逻辑；A选项与测试无关，B选项“easy to test soil”与原文测试的复杂性不符，D选项“different kinds of soil have been found”与空格后“测试土壤”的内容衔接不紧密，故答案为C。
4. 第4题：根据第五段“to see if they could survive these extreme conditions”，送空间站是为了检测月球砖能否在极端环境下正常工作，B正确；A选项“let astronauts use first”原文未提，C选项“show China's progress”不是主要目的，D选项“store safely”与测试目的不符，故答案为B。
5. 第5题：根据最后一段，中国从研发月球砖、送空间站测试到计划2028-2035年建月球研究站，是逐步推进的步骤，C正确；A选项“by 2028”与原文“between 2028 and 2035”不符，B选项“all bricks sent back”原文未提，D选项“search for life”原文未涉及，故答案为C。
【答案】1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.C
【知识点】阅读理解细节理解、阅读理解推理判断
【点评】本文是科技类阅读理解，围绕中国研发月球砖的科研进展展开，题目以细节定位和逻辑推理为主，需要学生准确抓取原文关键信息，排除干扰项，整体难度适中，适合初中或高中低年级学生练习。
【难度系数】0.6
