3. 计算:
(1) $-5+3×(-4)-2×(-6)$;
(2) $-3^2÷\frac{1}{2}×(-2)÷(-6)^2$;
(3) $\frac{11}{5}×\left(\frac{5}{7}-1\right)×\frac{7}{11}$;
(4) $\left(\frac{2}{9}-\frac{1}{3}\right)÷\left(-\frac{1}{6}\right)^2$.
(1) $-5+3×(-4)-2×(-6)$;
(2) $-3^2÷\frac{1}{2}×(-2)÷(-6)^2$;
(3) $\frac{11}{5}×\left(\frac{5}{7}-1\right)×\frac{7}{11}$;
(4) $\left(\frac{2}{9}-\frac{1}{3}\right)÷\left(-\frac{1}{6}\right)^2$.
答案
解:原式=-5+(-12)-(-12)
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ =-5-12+12
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ =-5
解:原式= -9×2×(-2)÷36
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ =36÷36
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ =1
解:原式$=\ \frac{11}5×(-\frac{2}{7})×\frac{7}{11}$
$ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ =\ -\frac{2}{5}$
解:原式$=\ (-\frac{1}{9})÷\frac{1}{36}$
$ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ =\ (-\frac{1}{9})×36$
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ =-4
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ =-5-12+12
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ =-5
解:原式= -9×2×(-2)÷36
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ =36÷36
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ =1
解:原式$=\ \frac{11}5×(-\frac{2}{7})×\frac{7}{11}$
$ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ =\ -\frac{2}{5}$
解:原式$=\ (-\frac{1}{9})÷\frac{1}{36}$
$ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ =\ (-\frac{1}{9})×36$
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ =-4
4. 计算:
(1) $(-2)^3×8-8×\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^3+8÷\frac{1}{8}$;
(2) $-\frac{2}{5}+\left(\frac{5}{8}-\frac{1}{6}+\frac{7}{12}\right)×(-2.4)$.
(1) $(-2)^3×8-8×\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^3+8÷\frac{1}{8}$;
(2) $-\frac{2}{5}+\left(\frac{5}{8}-\frac{1}{6}+\frac{7}{12}\right)×(-2.4)$.
答案
解:原式$=\ (-8)×8-8×\frac{1}{8}+8×8$
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ =(-64)-1+64
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ =-1
解:原式$=\ -\frac{2}{5}+\frac{5}{8}×(-2.4)-\frac{1}{6}×(-2.4)+\frac{7}{12}×(-2.4)$
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ =\ -0.4+(-1.5)-(-0.4)+(-1.4)
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ =-0.4-1.5+0.4-1.4
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ =-2.9
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ =(-64)-1+64
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ =-1
解:原式$=\ -\frac{2}{5}+\frac{5}{8}×(-2.4)-\frac{1}{6}×(-2.4)+\frac{7}{12}×(-2.4)$
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ =\ -0.4+(-1.5)-(-0.4)+(-1.4)
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ =-0.4-1.5+0.4-1.4
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ =-2.9
5. 某冷库的初温是$-4\ \celsius$,现有一批食品需在$-28\ \celsius$下冷冻.经过4 h,冷库降至所需温度,冷库平均每小时降多少摄氏度?
答案
解: [(-28)-(-4)]÷4=-6(°C)
冷库的温度平均每小时下降6°C
冷库的温度平均每小时下降6°C
6. 给出下列算式:$3^2-1^2= 8= 8×1$,$5^2-3^2= 16= 8×2$,$7^2-5^2= 24= 8×3$,$9^2-7^2= 32= 8×4$,$11^2-9^2= 40= 8×5$,…
(1) 观察上面的算式,你发现了什么规律?
(2) 用发现的规律计算$101^2-99^2$.
(1) 观察上面的算式,你发现了什么规律?
(2) 用发现的规律计算$101^2-99^2$.
答案
解:(1) (2n+1)²-(2n-1)²=8n
(2)将n=50代入,得101²-99²=400
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