Ⅲ.阅读理解(本题共15小题,每小题2分,满分30分)
第一节 阅读并从所给选项中选出最佳选项。(两篇阅读,共10小题,满分20分,其中第一篇为T/F判断题)
A
Nowadays, many people use digital devices like phones, computers and tablets every day. When we use these devices for a long time without rest, we may get digital eye strain. This is a common health problem in modern life. If you have digital eye strain, you may encounter different problems. Your eyes may feel tired or uncomfortable. You may have headaches that make it hard to concentrate(全神贯注). Some people get dry eyes or blurred vision(视力模糊). Sometimes you may even see things as double, which we call double vision. Why should we care about eye strain? Because if we don't protect our eyes, our vision can get worse over time. This means we may need to wear glasses or have other eye problems when we get older. The good news is that we can do many things to protect our eyes. First, we should reduce our screen time. This means spending less time on phones and computers. Second, we should look away from our devices frequently. Some eye experts suggest the “20-20-20” rule: every 20 minutes, take a 20-second break and look at something 20 feet away. This simple habit can help our eyes relax. If you often suffer from eye strain, it's important to visit an eye doctor for help. Remember, our eyes are very important for our life. Let's develop good habits to take good care of them!
根据短文内容,判断句子正(T)误(F)。
()36. Using digital devices for a short time may cause digital eye strain.
()37. Headache is one of the common problems of digital eye strain.
()38. If we don't protect our eyes, our vision may get worse over time.
()39. The “20-20-20” rule means taking a 20-minute break every 20 minutes.
()40. We should see an eye doctor if we often have eye strain problems.

36.F 37.T 38.T 39.F 40.T

【分析】
做这类英语阅读理解正误判断题，需先明确题干表述，再回到原文定位对应语句，将题干内容与原文信息逐一对比，判断是否一致，从而得出正确答案。
【解析】
36题：原文提到“当我们长时间使用这些设备不休息时，可能会出现数字眼疲劳”，说明是长时间使用才会导致，题干说“短时间使用”，与原文不符，故为F。
37题：原文明确指出“如果你有数字眼疲劳，可能会出现难以集中注意力的头痛”，说明头痛是数字眼疲劳的常见问题之一，题干表述与原文一致，故为T。
38题：原文说明“如果我们不保护眼睛，视力会随时间变差”，题干表述与原文一致，故为T。
39题：原文介绍“20-20-20规则是每20分钟休息20秒，看20英尺外的东西”，题干说“每20分钟休息20分钟”，与原文不符，故为F。
40题：原文提到“如果你经常遭受眼疲劳，去看眼科医生是重要的”，题干表述与原文一致，故为T。
【答案】
36.F 37.T 38.T 39.F 40.T
【知识点】
英语阅读理解细节判断、正误推理
【点评】
本题为英语阅读理解的细节正误判断题，考查学生定位原文信息、对比判断的能力，难度较低，只要仔细阅读原文对应内容即可准确作答。
【难度系数】
0.8

B
阅读下面材料,从题中所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出一个最佳选项。
Sneezing(打喷嚏) is actually our body's way of protecting ourselves. It helps protect us from things like germs, dust and smoke. In fact, it is the body's first defense(防御) against anything that tries to enter through the air. People cannot really control their sneezes. When something starts tickling the inside of our nose, our brain will take over and send a message to the body to get it out. When we sneeze, many things happen quickly. Our eyes usually shut, our tongue presses against the top of our mouth, and our stomach and chest muscles(肌肉) get tight. Then there is a sudden blast of air coming out of our lungs(肺) and nose, carrying germs, dust and tiny drops of water with it.
Some unusual things can also make us sneeze. For example, some people sneeze when they look at bright light. People with allergies might sneeze when they are near certain plants or animals.
While sneezing is good for the person doing it, it can be bad for people nearby because it spreads diseases. Millions of germs from one sneeze can travel up to 8 metres at 100 kilometres per hour! These germs can stay in the air, and if other people breathe them in, they can get sick.
So if you sneeze, always cover your nose and mouth, and wash your hands afterwards. This helps protect everyone else!
()41. What is the main purpose of sneezing according to the passage?
A. To protect our body from harmful things in the air.
B. To make our breathing more comfortable.
C. To show that we are sick.
D. To clean our nose regularly.
()42. What happens when we sneeze?
A. Our eyes usually stay open.
B. Our tongue moves to the bottom of our mouth.
C. Muscles in our stomach and chest get tight.
D. Air comes out slowly from our nose.
()43. Why can sneezing be bad for other people?
A. Because the sound is too loud.
B. Because it spreads germs that may make others sick.
C. Because it uses too much air from the room.
D. Because it makes other people want to sneeze too.
()44. How far can germs from one sneeze travel?
A. Up to 5 metres.
B. Up to 8 metres.
C. Up to 10 metres.
D. Up to 15 metres.
()45. What should you do after sneezing?
A. Take some medicine to prevent sickness.
B. Drink some water immediately.
C. Go outside to get fresh air.
D. Wash your hands.

41.A 解析:根据“It helps protect us from things like germs, dust and smoke.”可知,打喷嚏是身体保护我们免受细菌、灰尘等侵害的方式。
42.C 解析:根据“Our eyes usually shut, our tongue presses against the top of our mouth, and our stomach and chest muscles(肌肉) get tight.”可知,我们的腹部和胸部肌肉会收紧。
43.B 解析:根据it can be bad for people nearby because it spreads diseases可知,打喷嚏会传播疾病,使周围的人生病。
44.B 解析:根据“Millions of germs from one sneeze can travel up to 8 metres at 100 kilometres per hour!”可知,一个喷嚏中的数百万细菌可以传播达8米远。
45.D 解析:根据文章结尾的建议“So if you sneeze, always cover your nose and mouth, and wash your hands afterwards.”可知选D。

【分析】
本题为科普类阅读理解题，需学生通读全文把握主旨，再针对每个小题的问题，回到原文对应段落定位关键信息，逐一匹配选项。解题时需抓住题干关键词，精准定位原文内容即可选出正确答案。
【解析】
41题：根据原文第一段“It helps protect us from things like germs, dust and smoke.”可知，打喷嚏的主要目的是保护身体免受空气中的有害物侵害，对应选项A，故选A。
42题：根据原文第一段“Our eyes usually shut, our tongue presses against the top of our mouth, and our stomach and chest muscles get tight.”可知，打喷嚏时腹部和胸部肌肉会收紧，对应选项C，故选C。
43题：根据原文第三段“it can be bad for people nearby because it spreads diseases”可知，打喷嚏会传播病菌使他人患病，对应选项B，故选B。
44题：根据原文第三段“Millions of germs from one sneeze can travel up to 8 metres at 100 kilometres per hour!”可知，喷嚏中的细菌可传播达8米远，对应选项B，故选B。
45题：根据原文最后一段“So if you sneeze, always cover your nose and mouth, and wash your hands afterwards.”可知，打喷嚏后应洗手，对应选项D，故选D。
【答案】
41.A 42.C 43.B 44.B 45.D
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解题
【点评】
本题围绕打喷嚏的科普知识设题，侧重考查学生提取原文细节信息的能力，题目难度不大，只要仔细定位原文对应内容即可正确作答，适合初中阶段学生练习。
【难度系数】
0.6