2026年能力素养与学力提升八年级英语下册译林版第145页答案
一、根据括号中的中文提示,写出句中所缺单词,使句子通顺。
1. You will be
fined
(罚款) if you are found breaking the traffic rules.
2. Time
management
(管理) is a useful skill for us middle school students.
3. It is said that doctors have succeeded in
controlling
(控制) his serious illness.
4. She
wisely
(明智地) prepared for the exam by making a study plan and following it.
5. Mr White
punished
(惩罚) his daughter because she stole an apple from the shop just now.
6. The over - packaging of goods creates much waste, which seriously wastes our natural
resources
(资源).
7. People won't believe you if you always
break
(违背) your promises.

答案

1. fined 2. management 3. controlling 4. wisely 5. punished 6. resources 7. break

解析

【分析】
做这类根据中文提示补全单词的题目,解题思路分三步:第一先通读完整句子,理解整体句意;第二结合给出的中文提示,先定位对应的基础英文单词;第三步分析空格在句中充当的成分,结合时态、语态、固定搭配的要求,对单词做正确的形式变形,最后验证拼写是否符合句子逻辑即可。比如要注意被动语态需要用过去分词、介词后要跟动名词、修饰动词要用副词、时间状语提示动词时态这类细节,避免只写单词原形丢分。
【解析】
1. 句意:如果你被发现违反交通规则,你将会被罚款。本句是一般将来时的被动语态,结构为will be + 动词过去分词,动词fine表示“罚款”,过去分词形式为fined,因此填fined。
2. 句意:时间管理对我们中学生来说是一项有用的技能。空格处在句中作主语,需要填入名词,“管理”的名词形式是management,time management是固定搭配表示“时间管理”,因此填management。
3. 句意:据说医生已经成功控制住了他的重病。考查固定搭配succeed in doing sth. 表示“成功做某事”,介词in后要接动名词,动词control表示“控制”,动名词形式为controlling,因此填controlling。
4. 句意:她明智地制定了学习计划并遵照执行来备考。空格处用于修饰后面的动词prepared,需要填入副词,“明智地”对应的副词是wisely,因此填wisely。
5. 句意:怀特先生惩罚了他的女儿,因为她刚才从商店偷了一个苹果。句中时间状语just now(刚才)提示句子用一般过去时,动词punish表示“惩罚”,过去式为punished,因此填punished。
6. 句意:商品的过度包装产生了大量浪费,严重消耗了我们的自然资源。“资源”对应的英文是resource,指代各类自然资源时常用复数形式,natural resources是固定搭配表示“自然资源”,因此填resources。
7. 句意:如果你总是违背你的承诺,人们就不会相信你。考查固定搭配break one's promises表示“违背承诺”,本句是if引导的条件状语从句,遵循“主将从现”规则,从句主语是you,谓语用动词原形break,因此填break。
【答案】
1. fined 2. management 3. controlling 4. wisely 5. punished 6. resources 7. break
【知识点】
词形变换,固定搭配,时态语态
【点评】
本题属于初中英语基础的单词拼写题型,既考查核心单词的词义识记,也侧重检验学生对词性判断、时态语态规则、常见固定短语的掌握程度,提醒学生记忆单词时不能只记中文含义,还要掌握不同词性的变形规则,结合语境灵活使用单词。
【难度系数】
0.7
二、根据短文内容,用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空,使短文完整通顺。
Garbage sorting (垃圾分类) began on July 1, 2019. However, I, with the other 238 families who live in my building, 1 (be) living with a similar system for years. Here, I'd like to talk about some of our 2 (experience).
In October 2016, our neighbourhood 3 (choose) to be part of a pilot (试点的) programme for garbage sorting by the government. To help the programme run well, we set up a volunteer team. I am one of the volunteers. Several of us, however, questioned if we could lead people in the building to change their habits.
We began with the usual ways. We 4 (hand) out notices around the neighbourhood. We also went door to door to tell people how to sort garbage. However, they made many mistakes. For example, many didn't know wet rubbish meant food waste.
As a result, we volunteers had to do lots of sorting 5 (our). At the same time we went around 6 (explain) the rules. We kept talking to those who refused to sort their garbage. We let them know we had sorted their garbage for them. It was a matter of time and 7 (patient). We believed they would finally change their mind.
Six months later we were 8 (success) in changing people's mind. People in my building began sorting their garbage. Some even joined us to help us.
I think face - to - face talks played an important part. They were much 9 (use) than handing out notices. It was 10 (interest) to see what happened. I hope everyone knows garbage sorting is good for them.
1.
have been
2.
experiences
3.
was chosen
4.
handed
5.
ourselves

6.
to explain
7.
patience
8.
successful
9.
more useful
10.
interesting

答案

1. have been 2. experiences 3. was chosen 4. handed 5. ourselves 6. to explain 7. patience 8. successful 9. more useful 10. interesting

解析

【分析】
做这类短文词形转换填空题,首先要先通读全文,理清文章主题和整体的时态基调,本文是作者分享自己小区多年推进垃圾分类的经历,涉及不同时间对应的时态变化。接下来逐空分析:第一步先判断所给单词的词性,再结合句子的主谓一致、时态语态、固定搭配、上下文语义的逻辑,确定需要转换的形式,最后把所有答案代入全文通读,验证短文是否通顺合理。
【解析】
1. 第一空:句子主语是I,"with the other 238 families"是插入的伴随状语,不影响谓语的数;时间状语"for years"表示动作从过去持续到当下,符合现在完成进行时have been doing的结构,因此填have been。
2. 第二空:此处experience表示具体的“经历”,是可数名词,前面有some of修饰,需要用复数形式,因此填experiences。
3. 第三空:时间状语是In October 2016,描述过去的事件;小区是“被政府选为试点”,是被动关系,一般过去时的被动语态结构为was/were+过去分词,主语neighbourhood是单数,因此填was chosen。
4. 第四空:前文的began是一般过去时,描述过去发放通知的动作,要用一般过去时,hand的过去式为handed,因此填handed。
5. 第五空:句意为“我们志愿者不得不自己完成大量分类工作”,此处表示动作的发出者自己,需要用第一人称复数的反身代词,因此填ourselves。
6. 第六空:此处表达“四处走动的目的是解释分类规则”,用不定式作目的状语,因此填to explain。
7. 第七空:and并列连接两个对等的成分,和名词time并列,需要把形容词patient变为对应的名词“耐心”,因此填patience。
8. 第八空:固定搭配be successful in doing sth表示“成功做某事”,需要把名词success变为形容词形式,因此填successful。
9. 第九空:后面出现than表示比较级,much用来修饰形容词比较级,use对应的形容词useful的比较级是more useful,因此填more useful。
10. 第十空:固定句型it is + 形容词 + to do sth,此处描述“看到发生的事”这件事的属性,用修饰事物的形容词interesting,因此填interesting。
【答案】
1. have been 2. experiences 3. was chosen 4. handed 5. ourselves 6. to explain 7. patience 8. successful 9. more useful 10. interesting
【知识点】
时态语态,词形转换,非谓语动词
【点评】
本题是初中阶段典型的短文提示词填空题型,综合考察了多个核心语法考点,其中with伴随结构的主谓一致、experience可数/不可数的词义区分、不定式作目的状语都是高频易错点,解题时不能孤立看单个句子,要结合全文的时间线和语义逻辑判断,做完后代入通读可以有效排查错误。
【难度系数】
0.6