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二、阅读理解
While tidying my room, I found an old Hanfu, a gift from a friend. It led me to buy matching shoes and earrings. This reminded me of the “birdcage effect”, a psychological phenomenon (心理现象) when getting one thing makes you want to get more things to go with it.
The story behind the birdcage effect is quite fascinating. One day, the psychologist James made a bet (打赌) with his friend Carlson, saying that Carlson would keep a bird soon. Hearing this, Carlson said, “Are you kidding? I have never had this idea.” Later, James gave Carlson a birdcage on his birthday. When friends who visited Carlson's house saw the cage, they all thought that Carlson had raised birds. Carlson was tired of explaining, and finally, he bought a bird.
As online shopping is popular today, the birdcage effect becomes more common, especially among students. For example, a friend of mine wanted to buy a good pen to match a nice notebook that her sister had given her. She believed it would make her enjoy reading and note-taking. ▲
However, she saw it differently. The beautiful notebook led her to get a good pen, buy a book she liked and start note-taking. She regarded it as a wonderful example of using the birdcage effect positively (正面地) to develop positive habits.
In life, we will meet many forms of the “birdcage effect”. If it leads to unnecessary spending, it's negative (负面的). We should stop it in time and keep a balance. But if it's a positive birdcage effect that encourages us to grow and develop, we should see it as a chance to help us achieve our goals. You will find that the “birdcage effect” is not scary at all.
()1. What does the underlined phrase “this idea” refer to?
A. Making a bet.
B. Telling a joke.
C. Buying a birdcage.
D. Keeping a bird.
()2. According to the passage, which can be seen as the “birdcage effect”?
A. Tim wrote some words on the white wall and soon the wall was full of drawings and words.
B. In KFC, you get Coke for free and then you buy hamburgers and French fries to go with it.
C. Amy becomes an excellent singer because her teacher told her she was talented in singing.
D. Xiao Ye is from Chongqing, so his friends all believe that he likes eating hot pot.
()3. Which of the following sentences can be put in ▲ in Paragraph 3?
A. I believed that she would soon love taking notes in this way too.
B. I believed that it was a perfect example of avoiding the birdcage effect.
C. I thought this was a typical example of the negative birdcage effect.
D. I thought that she would hate reading and taking notes if she did so.
()4. The passage mainly tells us .
A. the negative impact of the “birdcage effect”
B. how to avoid the “birdcage effect” in daily life
C. the advantages and disadvantages of the “birdcage effect”
D. the history of the “birdcage effect”
While tidying my room, I found an old Hanfu, a gift from a friend. It led me to buy matching shoes and earrings. This reminded me of the “birdcage effect”, a psychological phenomenon (心理现象) when getting one thing makes you want to get more things to go with it.
The story behind the birdcage effect is quite fascinating. One day, the psychologist James made a bet (打赌) with his friend Carlson, saying that Carlson would keep a bird soon. Hearing this, Carlson said, “Are you kidding? I have never had this idea.” Later, James gave Carlson a birdcage on his birthday. When friends who visited Carlson's house saw the cage, they all thought that Carlson had raised birds. Carlson was tired of explaining, and finally, he bought a bird.
As online shopping is popular today, the birdcage effect becomes more common, especially among students. For example, a friend of mine wanted to buy a good pen to match a nice notebook that her sister had given her. She believed it would make her enjoy reading and note-taking. ▲
However, she saw it differently. The beautiful notebook led her to get a good pen, buy a book she liked and start note-taking. She regarded it as a wonderful example of using the birdcage effect positively (正面地) to develop positive habits.
In life, we will meet many forms of the “birdcage effect”. If it leads to unnecessary spending, it's negative (负面的). We should stop it in time and keep a balance. But if it's a positive birdcage effect that encourages us to grow and develop, we should see it as a chance to help us achieve our goals. You will find that the “birdcage effect” is not scary at all.
()1. What does the underlined phrase “this idea” refer to?
A. Making a bet.
B. Telling a joke.
C. Buying a birdcage.
D. Keeping a bird.
()2. According to the passage, which can be seen as the “birdcage effect”?
A. Tim wrote some words on the white wall and soon the wall was full of drawings and words.
B. In KFC, you get Coke for free and then you buy hamburgers and French fries to go with it.
C. Amy becomes an excellent singer because her teacher told her she was talented in singing.
D. Xiao Ye is from Chongqing, so his friends all believe that he likes eating hot pot.
()3. Which of the following sentences can be put in ▲ in Paragraph 3?
A. I believed that she would soon love taking notes in this way too.
B. I believed that it was a perfect example of avoiding the birdcage effect.
C. I thought this was a typical example of the negative birdcage effect.
D. I thought that she would hate reading and taking notes if she did so.
()4. The passage mainly tells us .
A. the negative impact of the “birdcage effect”
B. how to avoid the “birdcage effect” in daily life
C. the advantages and disadvantages of the “birdcage effect”
D. the history of the “birdcage effect”
答案
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了心理学中的“鸟笼效应”现象，通过具体事例说明其正面和负面影响，并建议合理利用这一效应。
1. D 词义猜测题。根据上文“the psychologist James made a bet with his friend Carlson, saying that Carlson would keep a bird soon”和“Are you kidding”可知，Carlson 没有想要养鸟的想法。此处“this idea”指代上文 James 打赌说 Carlson 会养鸟的行为。故选 D。
2. B 推理判断题。根据“getting one thing makes you want to get more things to go with it”可知，“鸟笼效应”现象是得到一件东西会让你想得到更多的东西来搭配它。B 选项“在肯德基免费获得可乐后购买汉堡包和薯条搭配”符合这一现象。故选 B。
3. C 补全文章题。根据“For example, a friend of mine wanted to buy a good pen to match a nice notebook that her sister had given her. She believed it would make her enjoy reading and note-taking.”和“However, she saw it differently... a wonderful example of using the birdcage effect positively”可知，此处作者认为朋友的行为是鸟笼效应的负面表现，与下文朋友的积极态度形成对比。选项 C“我认为这是一个典型的鸟笼效应的负面例子。”符合语境。故选 C。
4. C 主旨大意题。通读全文并根据“If it leads to unnecessary spending, it's negative... But if it's a positive birdcage effect”可知，本文主要介绍了心理学中的“鸟笼效应”现象，通过具体事例说明其正面和负面影响，即本文主要告诉我们鸟笼效应的利弊。故选 C。
1. D 词义猜测题。根据上文“the psychologist James made a bet with his friend Carlson, saying that Carlson would keep a bird soon”和“Are you kidding”可知，Carlson 没有想要养鸟的想法。此处“this idea”指代上文 James 打赌说 Carlson 会养鸟的行为。故选 D。
2. B 推理判断题。根据“getting one thing makes you want to get more things to go with it”可知，“鸟笼效应”现象是得到一件东西会让你想得到更多的东西来搭配它。B 选项“在肯德基免费获得可乐后购买汉堡包和薯条搭配”符合这一现象。故选 B。
3. C 补全文章题。根据“For example, a friend of mine wanted to buy a good pen to match a nice notebook that her sister had given her. She believed it would make her enjoy reading and note-taking.”和“However, she saw it differently... a wonderful example of using the birdcage effect positively”可知，此处作者认为朋友的行为是鸟笼效应的负面表现，与下文朋友的积极态度形成对比。选项 C“我认为这是一个典型的鸟笼效应的负面例子。”符合语境。故选 C。
4. C 主旨大意题。通读全文并根据“If it leads to unnecessary spending, it's negative... But if it's a positive birdcage effect”可知，本文主要介绍了心理学中的“鸟笼效应”现象，通过具体事例说明其正面和负面影响，即本文主要告诉我们鸟笼效应的利弊。故选 C。
解析
【分析】
拿到这篇阅读理解，首先明确文章核心是介绍“鸟笼效应”这一心理学现象。解题时可以按题型逐个突破：第1题词义猜测题，先定位划线短语所在的第二段，往前找对应的指代内容，结合两人打赌的对话逻辑就能锁定答案；第2题是定义匹配类推理题，先回到文章开头找到鸟笼效应的核心定义，再逐一比对四个选项，排除不符合定义的其他心理学效应的选项；第3题是句子还原题，重点观察空格后的转折词However，明确前后观点是相反对立的关系，结合后文的正向评价，反推空格处作者的初始态度即可选出正确项；第4题主旨大意题，通读全文，确认文章既介绍了鸟笼效应的负面影响也介绍了它的正向作用，排除表述片面的干扰项就能得到答案。
【解析】
1. 词义猜测题：定位原文第二段，心理学家James和好友Carlson打赌，声称Carlson很快就会养一只鸟，Carlson立刻反驳称自己从来没有过这个想法，因此划线的"this idea"指代的就是前文提到的“养一只鸟”这件事，对应选项D。
2. 推理判断题：文章第一段明确给出鸟笼效应的核心内涵：当你得到某一件物品时，会想要获得更多其他物品来和它搭配。逐一分析选项：A选项属于破窗效应，B选项在肯德基获得免费可乐后，购买汉堡、薯条来搭配可乐，完全符合鸟笼效应的定义，C选项属于正向心理暗示，D选项属于刻板印象，因此答案选B。
3. 补全句子题：空格后出现转折词However，说明空格处表达的观点和后文“她认为这是正向利用鸟笼效应来培养好习惯的绝佳例子”完全相反，也就是作者最初认为朋友的行为是典型的负面鸟笼效应，选项C完全符合转折逻辑，衔接上下文自然通顺。
4. 主旨大意题：通读全文可知，文章既介绍了鸟笼效应会催生不必要消费的负面影响，也介绍了它可以激励我们成长、帮助我们实现目标的正向作用，核心是向读者介绍鸟笼效应的利弊。A选项仅提到负面影响过于片面，B选项“如何避免鸟笼效应”并非文章核心内容，D选项“鸟笼效应的起源历史”仅在第二段简单提及，不是全文主旨，因此答案选C。
【答案】
1.D 2.B 3.C 4.C
【知识点】
词义猜测，逻辑推理，主旨把握
【点评】
本篇说明文选取大众熟知的心理学现象作为主题，贴近学生的日常生活，题目设置梯度合理，既考查学生定位细节信息的基础阅读能力，也通过逻辑类题型引导学生辩证看待生活中的相关现象，树立理性消费、合理利用正向效应的观念。
【难度系数】
0.5
拿到这篇阅读理解，首先明确文章核心是介绍“鸟笼效应”这一心理学现象。解题时可以按题型逐个突破：第1题词义猜测题，先定位划线短语所在的第二段，往前找对应的指代内容，结合两人打赌的对话逻辑就能锁定答案；第2题是定义匹配类推理题，先回到文章开头找到鸟笼效应的核心定义，再逐一比对四个选项，排除不符合定义的其他心理学效应的选项；第3题是句子还原题，重点观察空格后的转折词However，明确前后观点是相反对立的关系，结合后文的正向评价，反推空格处作者的初始态度即可选出正确项；第4题主旨大意题，通读全文，确认文章既介绍了鸟笼效应的负面影响也介绍了它的正向作用，排除表述片面的干扰项就能得到答案。
【解析】
1. 词义猜测题：定位原文第二段，心理学家James和好友Carlson打赌，声称Carlson很快就会养一只鸟，Carlson立刻反驳称自己从来没有过这个想法，因此划线的"this idea"指代的就是前文提到的“养一只鸟”这件事，对应选项D。
2. 推理判断题：文章第一段明确给出鸟笼效应的核心内涵：当你得到某一件物品时，会想要获得更多其他物品来和它搭配。逐一分析选项：A选项属于破窗效应，B选项在肯德基获得免费可乐后，购买汉堡、薯条来搭配可乐，完全符合鸟笼效应的定义，C选项属于正向心理暗示，D选项属于刻板印象，因此答案选B。
3. 补全句子题：空格后出现转折词However，说明空格处表达的观点和后文“她认为这是正向利用鸟笼效应来培养好习惯的绝佳例子”完全相反，也就是作者最初认为朋友的行为是典型的负面鸟笼效应，选项C完全符合转折逻辑，衔接上下文自然通顺。
4. 主旨大意题：通读全文可知，文章既介绍了鸟笼效应会催生不必要消费的负面影响，也介绍了它可以激励我们成长、帮助我们实现目标的正向作用，核心是向读者介绍鸟笼效应的利弊。A选项仅提到负面影响过于片面，B选项“如何避免鸟笼效应”并非文章核心内容，D选项“鸟笼效应的起源历史”仅在第二段简单提及，不是全文主旨，因此答案选C。
【答案】
1.D 2.B 3.C 4.C
【知识点】
词义猜测，逻辑推理，主旨把握
【点评】
本篇说明文选取大众熟知的心理学现象作为主题，贴近学生的日常生活，题目设置梯度合理，既考查学生定位细节信息的基础阅读能力，也通过逻辑类题型引导学生辩证看待生活中的相关现象，树立理性消费、合理利用正向效应的观念。
【难度系数】
0.5
