四、跨学科 光污染(2026·无锡外国语学校阶段检测改编)阅读理解(9分)
Most environmental pollution comes from humans and their inventions. The electric bulb is thought to be one of the greatest human inventions of all time. However, too much of a good thing has started to influence(影响) the environment. Light pollution is influencing human health and wildlife behaviour. There is a world- wide movement to reduce light pollution, and everyone can help.
According to *The New World Atlas of Artificial Night Sky Brightness*(《新世界人造夜空亮度地图集》), the light pollution problem is especially serious. Large areas of North America, Europe, the Middle East, and Asia are bright with lights, while remote(偏远的) places like Siberia, the Sahara, and the Amazon are still dark.
Artificial light can cause $\underline{\mathrm{havoc}}$ on natural body rhythms in both humans and animals. It interrupts sleep and confuses the circadian rhythm(生理节奏). An increased amount of light at night lowers melatonin(褪 黑 素) production, which results in less sleep, headaches, stress and other health problems. Blue light, in particular, has been shown to reduce levels of melatonin in humans. It is found in cellphones and other computer devices, as well as in LEDs, which are the types of bulbs that have become popular at home and in industrial and city lighting due to their low cost and energy efficiency.
Studies show that light pollution is also influencing animal behaviours, such as migration (迁徙) patterns and habitat formation. Because of light pollution, sea turtles guided by moonlight during migration lose their ways and often die. Even animals living under the deep sea may be influenced by underwater artificial lighting. Studies show that the artificial light is changing ocean ecosystems.
The good news is that light pollution is reversible(可逆的) and each one of us can make a difference! Now, many people are taking action to reduce light pollution and bring back the natural night sky. People are required to use outdoor lighting only when and where it is needed and to close window blinds(百叶窗) or curtains at night to control artificial light.
()1. What does the underlined word "havoc" in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Improvement.
B. Fear.
C. Management.
D. Damage.
()2. 新考法 推断作者观点态度 What is the author's attitude towards the control of light pollution?
A. Uncertain.
B. Doubtful.
C. Worried.
D. Hopeful.
()3. According to the passage, which would the author agree with?
A. Light pollution is the hardest type of pollution to solve.
B. Deep-sea environment can help animals avoid light pollution.
C. Artificial light influences the sense of direction of animals.
D. LEDs can be used more because of low cost and energy efficiency.

四、[文章大意]本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了人类过度使用灯光导致了光污染，对环境、人类和野生动物的健康产生负面影响，还影响动物的迁徙模式和栖息地形成，号召人们采取行动减少光污染，恢复自然夜空。
语篇结构
总起段(第1段): 点明光污染已影响人类健康和野生动物行为
光污染
分述部分(第2~4段): 揭示光污染的分布差异，以及光污染对人类和动物的危害
总结段(第5段): 解决方法——光污染可逆，可通过具体举措减少光污染
1.D [解析]词义猜测题。根据“Artificial light can cause havoc on natural body rhythms in both humans and animals. It interrupts sleep and confuses the circadian rhythm(生理节奏).”可知，人造光会打断睡眠、扰乱生理节奏，由此可知人造光对自然生理节奏有严重破坏作用，画线单词应表示“严重破坏”。故选D。
技巧点拨 对于词义猜测题这种题型，首先定位生词，依据上下文猜测词义，尤其需要关注同义词、反义词(如but连接的对立关系)；然后看是否有解释说明(破折号、定语从句等)，或者根据逻辑(因果、举例等)进行推断，也可关注词根、词缀(如un-表否定)；最后将选项依次带入文本检查，避免脱离语境，优选和上下文最契合的选项。
2.D [解析]观点态度题。根据“The good news is that light pollution is reversible(可逆的) and each one of us can make a difference! Now, many people are taking action to reduce light pollution and bring back the natural night sky.”可知，光污染是可逆的，现在很多人都在行动，所以作者对控制光污染持乐观态度。故选D。
3.C [解析]推理判断题。根据“Because of light pollution, sea turtles guided by moonlight during migration lose their way and often die.”可知，由于光污染，依靠月光迁徙的海龟会迷路，因此作者赞同“人造光影响动物的方向感”的观点。故选C。